The Tang Dynasty was an extremely glorious dynasty in history, and the imperial family was also a huge group while the national strength was strong. The large number of royal concubines was the social norm in ancient China, but when it comes to well-known women in the Tang Dynasty, it has to be said that Wu Zetian, Yang Guifei and Shangguan Wan'er were three.
1. Wu Zetian and wine
When Wu Zetian was visiting Jiulongtan, there was a poem "You Jiulongtan" circulating, which wrote: "Bamboo leaves float in the wine, and hibiscus is written on the cup." The simple description of the scenery can no longer satisfy the author's feelings, and it must be borrowed from wine to illustrate the scenery, which shows that "wine" is an important part of Wu Zetian's poetry.
However, as a powerful ruler of the dynasty, Wu Zetian had few opportunities to go out and play, and most of them lived in the palace on weekdays. The place where Tianzi lives is naturally indispensable to banquet activities, no matter what kind of banquet, it is normal to drink a few cups during the period. Wu Zetian's "Early Spring Night Feast" has "send wine but must be full, the flowing cup is not thin" In the night feast, enjoying the moon and drinking, it is invigorating, and the words between the lines reveal a straightforward and bold that does not let the eyebrows be shaved. From this point of view, the fate of Wu Zetian and wine is relatively deep, not only for playing and entertainment, but also for "wine" when participating in banquets on weekdays.
In addition to drinking alcohol himself, Wu Zetian would also give wine to his courtiers. Old Book of Tang. In The Book of Rites II, it is recorded that:
"On the first day of the first month of the first year of Yongchang, the first relatives enjoyed the Ming Hall, and the amnesty changed to the Yuan... Since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the women of the Zhongdong Capital and the fathers and elders of the states have entered the temple and given wine and food for a long time. ”
During the reign of Wu Zetian, the Ming Hall was established for sacrifice. After completion, women in Dongdu were allowed to visit, and drinks were provided to women who came to visit. Although the main purpose of this act is to show the mighty grace of the emperor, it can also be seen that the Son of Heaven has a variety of methods in exerting the imperial grace, and giving the people wine and food is also one of the means. And it is specifically mentioned that women in Dongdu can come to visit, which shows the degree of importance of women at that time, and women can enjoy the same treatment as other men.
2. Yang Guifei and wine
Compared with Wu Zetian, Yang Guifei personally wrote very few poems. However, because of the legendary nature of Yang Guifei's role, others left some poems with her as the protagonist, so most of the connections between Guifei and wine came from third parties' records of Yang Guifei.
As a favorite concubine of the moment, Yang Guifei would naturally accompany Tang Xuanzong to drink and have fun. Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song" shows the relationship between a pet concubine and "wine" to the reader, and the sentence "Chenghuan waiter has no leisure" points out the high frequency with which Yang Guifei accompanies Tang Xuanzong to participate in the banquet, and the banquet is naturally indispensable to drink to help. "The golden house is dressed as a delicate waiter's night, and the jade house banquet is drunk and spring", the banquet on the jade floor is over, and the already drunk Yang Guifei is even more eye-catching, gu panshenghui, and the beauty of this drunken time makes the king "three thousand pets in one". It can be seen that "wine" in Yang Guifei's life is not necessarily as common as eating and sleeping, but it is also equally indispensable.
In Yang Yuhuan's career as a noble concubine, "wine" is not only something that must be touched when participating in some occasions, but also used to increase the quality of life and increase the interest of life. The "Song Window Miscellaneous Records" records that "the concubine holds a glass seven treasure cup, drinks the wine of Xiliangzhou, laughs and leads the song, and the meaning is very thick" This is the scene when Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei enjoyed the flowers together. Accompanied by palace people, the noble concubine sang with a hazy drunken smile.
Holding the glass seven treasures in his hand, you can see the exquisite wine utensils, and among them are the valuable wines of the Western Regions. The red wine in the glass glass reflects the seductive color, and the brilliant starry eyes of the beauty singing are reflected, which is really a good picture of the beauty singing and drinking.
Between Yang Guifei and Xuanzong, there was also a little legendary color due to "wine", and the "Testament of Kaiyuan Tianbao" records:
"The Ming Emperor and the noble concubine Xinghua Qing Palace, because of the first awakening of the wine, looked at the wood peony medicine with the concubine's shoulder. The upper relative folded a branch, and the concubine sniffed its beauty, and the emperor said: "But the grass is not forgotten, but this flower is fragrant, especially able to sober up the wine." ’”
In this case, the wood peony medicine is called the decanting hop, and the Tang Dynasty Li Mao's "Song Window Miscellaneous Records" wrote: "In the Kaiyuan Dynasty, the first heavy wood peony medicine is forbidden, that is, the present peony. Kaiyuan Tianbao flower Humu peony medicine, this record of cloud forbidden peony flower. It shows that the Tang people in the palace are accustomed to referring to peonies as wood peony, and naturally the decanting hops mentioned by Emperor Tang Ming in the "Kaiyuan Tianbao Testament" are the favorite peonies of the Tang people. This flower does have medicinal functions, but its decanting function is not circulated, so it can be seen that this decanting hop is Xuanzong's joke to the noble concubine. Emperor Xuanzong favored Yang Guifei and after waking up from a hangover, he traveled with her in the garden. The noble concubine was very beautiful, even better than peony, and Xuanzong loved it. Therefore, he borrowed the peony to anthropomorphize, and used the decanting hop to allude to Yang Guifei, so as to show that the gentle and lovely guifei after the hangover was also the decanting hop in Tang Xuanzong's mind, which showed the grand favor.
3. Shangguan Wan'er and wine
When it comes to the model of Tang Dynasty women as officials, it is not Shangguan Wan'er. "Emperor Zhongzong Shangguan Zhaorong, named Wan'er, grandson of Xitai Shilangyi."
Shangguan Wan'er was the granddaughter of Shangguan Yi, the prime minister, and a famous female official and poet of the Tang Dynasty. The Old Book of Tang records that:
"Then when the heavens are gone, Wan Er's will is to be damned, then the heavens regret that she will not kill, but only her face." Since the holy calendar has been over, baisi have played and many orders have participated in the decision. Emperor Zhongzong took the throne and made him a special ruler, and he was deeply trusted. ”
Shangguan Wan'er is a descendant of the family of official eunuchs and has a family origin of being an official. Later, because his talent was slowly revealed, he was promoted to a female official. This woman is not only good at dancing in the official arena, but also has a high degree of achievement in literature. "Wan Er often advised Guangzhi Zhao scholars, Sheng Ying to be a minister of lexicography in the dynasty, to give several feasts, and to give poetry and singing."
Shangguan Wan'er is very good at banquet entertainment, poetry and song, and when the interest comes, she has left a lot of good sentences. As a woman who was very close to the center of power, Wan Er often accompanied Tang Zhongzong around the car to serve. Not only did he assist Tang Zhongzong in government affairs, but he also did something in drinking and entertaining. In the "Three Songs of Driving The Lucky Xinfeng Hot Spring Palace" composed by his companions, it is written that "Cui Mu Zhu Wei Open Moon Camp, Jin Yu Xu Pan Lan Ying." Years and years are often staggered, and they are happy to rise and fall for a long time. ”
It is mentioned that the wine glasses used in the hot spring palace are of gold, and the warm wine vessels are of jade, which is very elaborate. Among them, the wine "Lanying" is of high quality, and Han Meicheng wrote in the "Seven Hairs" that "the wine of Lanying is purified." ”
It can be seen that in the Han Dynasty, Lan Ying was already used to refer to fine wine, so it is inferred that the "Lan Ying" mentioned in Wan'er's poem may be the name of one wine, or it may be other fine wines. Shangguan Wan'er accompanied Emperor Zhongzong on a side tour of the Hot Spring Palace, which had pleasant scenery and a beautiful environment, and the king who relaxed took advantage of this scene to have a few drinks, which was written by Wan'er in poetry.
bibliography:
(Later Jin) Liu Xun et al.: Old Book of Tang
(Song) Wang Pu: "Tang Hui wants"
(Song) Ouyang Xiu et al.: New Book of Tang
Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, Editor: "The Grand View of The Novels Of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty"