The surging news learned that today, the shaanxi archaeological museum, the first special museum of archaeology in the mainland, was opened on a trial basis on the first day. At 9 a.m., there was a long queue of citizens in front of the museum, and many spectators bluntly said that they had come for the epitaph of Shangguan Wan'er.
It is reported that the entire museum exhibition involves 138 archaeological projects, including the Shi'an site, Yangguanzhai site, Lushan Valley site, Liangdai Village site and other archaeological excavation projects selected as "national top ten archaeological new discoveries"; among the 4218 groups of cultural relics on display, cultural relics above the ninth floor are the first time to meet the audience. Among them, the most notable is the national first archaeological excavation excavation of Yan Zhenqing Shudan's epitaph, excavated in Xianyang in 2013, the Epitaph of Shangguan Wan'er was exhibited to the public for the first time.
Part of Yan Zhenqing Shudan's Luo Wanshun epitaph
According to local media reports, at 9 a.m., citizens lined up in front of the museum. Some tourists said that because it was the first day of opening, they were very excited, and they got up at 6 o'clock in the morning to prepare to come over, and the most anticipated was Shangguan Wan'er's epitaph. Many students of xi'an universities majoring in history and literature also came to see the style on the first day of the museum, and some students volunteered to guide tourists.
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Live guided tour on the first day of the opening
Aerial view of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum
The Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is located in the south of Zhoujiazhuang Village, Guodu Street, Chang'an District, Xi'an, south of China's geographical dividing line - Qinling, and east of the Buddhist Pure Land Ancestral Court - Xiangji Temple, the architectural style is integrated with the cultural style of the Qinling Ecological Zone and the Millennium Ancient Temple. Designed by China Architecture Northwest Design Institute and undertaken by Shaanxi Construction Engineering First Construction Group Co., Ltd., with a total land area of 250 mu and a total construction area of more than 36,000 square meters, it has formed a pattern of "one museum and four centers" of museums, cultural relics protection centers, scientific and technological archaeology centers, library and data centers, and public archaeology centers, opening up the whole chain of disciplines from archaeological excavation to protection, research, interpretation, display and dissemination, and providing Shaanxi solutions for practicing Chinese archaeology in the new era.
The main building of the museum is real
Sun Zhou Yong, president and director of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute (Shaanxi Archaeological Museum), said, "The century-old cultivation of Chinese archaeology and the 60-year accumulation of Shaanxi archaeology have jointly contributed to the completion and opening of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum. ”
After the founding of New China, Shaanxi, as a major province of cultural relics and an important archaeological town, has made a series of major discoveries, from the Early Lantian Ape Man, Xi'an Banpo, Baoji Zhouyuan, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, Famen Temple, Hanyang Mausoleum, etc., to the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China" since the selection of Shenmu Shi'an, Yan'an Lushan Mountain, Gaoling Yangguanzhai, Baoji Zhougong Temple, Han and Tang Emperor Mausoleum and other 27 selected archaeological sites. Relying on major archaeological discoveries, Shaanxi has successively built a large number of well-known museums and heritage parks at home and abroad, such as Banpo, Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Hanyang Mausoleum, Liangdai Village, etc., and has also become an important carrier to display the origin and development of Chinese civilization and the historical context of Chinese civilization and the brilliant achievements of Chinese civilization. The completion and opening of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum provides Shaanxi solutions for practicing Chinese archaeology in the new era.
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It is the first archaeological museum in the country. The permanent exhibition "Archaeological Sacred Sites of Huazhang Shaanxi" begins with the beginning of Chinese epigraphy, "Archaeological Map", showing the birth of Chinese archaeology in Yangshao in 1921, focusing on the Baoji Doujitai archaeology that marked the beginning of Shaanxi's scientific archaeology in 1933, and the Chinese archaeological typology that was established and matured as a result. The archaeological achievements of major sites in Shaanxi since the founding of New China, such as Xi'an Banpo, Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, and Hanyang Mausoleum, are exhibited here.
More than 90% of the cultural relics were exhibited publicly for the first time. The Shaanxi Archaeological Museum has an indoor exhibition area of 5,800 square meters and an outdoor exhibition area of 10,000 square meters, involving 138 projects and exhibiting a total of 4,218 groups of 5,215 cultural relics, of which more than 90% are exhibited to the public for the first time. The Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology has been awarded the "National Top Ten Archaeological New Discoveries" archaeological excavation project for the first time in the past years, such as the Shi'an site, Yangguanzhai site, Lushan Jia site, Liangdai Village site, Liu Jiawa site, blood pool site, Western Han Weiqiao site, etc. The stone carving of the human head of Shi Jia, the most luxurious copper wheel tooth carriage of the Western Zhou Dynasty at the site of Zhou Yuan, the large and small bronze statues of the Baoji Shigushan Shangzhou Cemetery, the epitaph of Shangguan Wan'er, and the inmates of the Han Wen Emperor's Baling Tomb and the Tomb of Yan Zhenqing Shudan, which have been excavated in recent years, are all displayed in a concentrated manner.
Stone carvings at the site of Shi'an
From the stone carvings, murals and musical instruments at the Shi'an site, to the bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the murals of the Tang Dynasty, and the porcelain of the Song Dynasty, you can see many "earliest" and "only" blockbuster cultural relics and archaeological excavation projects displayed in the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum. For example, the remains of the Hejiazhuang Chemakeng of the "First Luxury Car of the Western Zhou Dynasty", the tomb of the Pucheng Yuan Dynasty murals directly packed and moved to the progressive hall, the Zhou Dynasty wooden figurines obtained a complete form of display by pouring gypsum liquid, the twenty-eight star map with four elements of star shape, star number, image and inscription found for the first time in mainland archaeology; the Sui Tomb excavated from tong customs village, the only piece of gold painted armor riding figurine in the Sui Dynasty; from the tomb of the Sui And Su Commander, the only complete Sui Dynasty translucent white porcelain so far.
Tomb of Yuan Dynasty murals in Dong'er Village, Pucheng County
Tomb of Yuan Dynasty murals in Dong'er Village, Pucheng County
Twenty-eight star charts
The astrological map at the top of the Han Dynasty brick chamber mural tomb in the canal tree trench beside the Yangqiao Bridge in Jingbian is the first twenty-eight star map with four elements of star shape, star number, image and inscription found in mainland archaeology, and it can be seen that there are seven stars of the Big Dipper, Fuxi, Nuwa, Niulang Weaver Girl, etc.
Part of Yan Zhenqing Shudan's Luo Wanshun epitaph
Luo Wanshun's epitaph is the first epitaph of Yan Zhenqing Shudan unearthed through archaeological excavations. In the summer of 2020, the Xianyang City Archaeological Team of Qindu of the Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute carried out archaeological excavations on more than 100 Han and Tang tombs found in the government reserve land of Qinhan New Town in Shaanxi Province. During the excavation of the tomb of the Yuan family in the Tang Dynasty, an epitaph written by Yan Zhenqing was unearthed, and the inscription in the epitaph was Yan Zhenqing's early calligraphy, which was written by him at the age of 38. It is reported that Yan Zhenqing wrote an epitaph for Luo Wanshun, the wife of the tomb owner Yuan Daqian.
Part of the tombstone of Tang Zhaorong Shangguan
Shangguan Wan'er was a Neishe person known as the "Prime Minister of the Towel" during the Wu Zetian period, and her epitaph content supplemented her with information about her burial by Princess Taiping after tang long's coup d'état. Moreover, archaeology found that Shangguan Wan'er's tomb was seriously damaged, possibly because Tang Xuanzong believed that she was a party of Princess Taiping and carried out the "official destruction of the tomb".
White porcelain four series
Tomb of the Sui Su Commander. This group of white porcelain was excavated from the tomb of the Sui Su Tongshi (buried in the fourth year of Daye (608)), and there are four series of white porcelain jars, pots, cups, and Yong Yan, especially the white porcelain deep belly cup, the thinnest point is only 1 mm, which is the only complete Sui Dynasty translucent white porcelain so far, showing the superb production skills at that time.
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Exhibition scene Music figurine combination
A complete set of musical figurines was unearthed from the tomb of Lady Hou of Xiling County of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the musical figurines were all seated on the ground, playing the instruments with a concentrated look, and the instruments held were sheng, vertical, drum, gong, qin, ser, and Ruan Xian, which was the first time that the vertical figurines were found in the tombs of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Guanzhong.
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The Shaanxi Archaeological Museum exhibits and displays, including two parts: permanent exhibition and temporary exhibition. Among them, the permanent exhibition is the basic exhibition of the archaeological history of Shaanxi, and the temporary exhibition is mainly used to display the latest major archaeological discoveries and special research results. In addition, there are special exhibition areas such as brickwork, stone carved cultural relics, and ceramic specimens outside. With the theme of "Archaeological Sacred Sites of Huazhang Shaanxi", the permanent exhibition is divided into four chapters: "Archaeological History", "Cultural Genealogy", "Archaeological Discoveries" and "Cultural Protection Science and Technology".
Archaeological history of the hall real scene
The "Archaeological History" shows the birth, development and maturity of Shaanxi archaeology with a large number of physical objects and pictorial materials, and is divided into three units. The first unit, "Jinshi Ji Gu Zheng Jing Chongli," tells about the accumulation process of Chinese archaeology in the period of indiscriminate coveting -- the stage of epigraphy; the second unit, "Scientific Archaeology, Rejuvenating History and Saving the Country," on the basis of showing the birth of Chinese archaeology, focuses on the beginning of Shaanxi archaeology- the archaeology of Doujitai, and therefore the mature Chinese archaeological typology; the third unit, "Conforming to the Fortunes of the Times, Raising Sails of Archaeology," systematically sorts out the development process of archaeology in Shaanxi since the founding of New China on the basis of archaeological projects. It covers the excavation of important sites such as Banpo Ruins, Zhouyuan Ruins, Qinling Terracotta Warriors, Famen Temple, Yaozhou Kiln, and the introduction of new concepts and new methods for archaeological work at "big sites" such as the Han and Tang Dynasties Capital City and the Imperial Tombs.
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Archaeological Discovery Exhibition Hall Real Scene
The "Cultural Genealogy Chapter" is divided into five units in chronological order, showing the archaeological and cultural genealogy in Shaanxi. The first unit, "Paleolithic Age", focuses on the origin of modern humans and the exchange and migration of ancient humans; the second, third and fourth units ,"Neolithic Age", "Xia Shang Period" and "Pre-Zhou Culture" introduce various cultural types that have grown and gone in Shaanxi, including distribution range, cultural characteristics and representative sites, and are interspersed with branches of animal archaeology, plant archaeology, and physical anthropology; the fifth unit ,"Zhouyuan Site", comprehensively summarizes the archaeological harvest of Zhouyuan sites over the past 60 years. And the overall relocation of the Hejia chema pit into the exhibition hall.
Cultural Genealogy - Faience Exhibition Area
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"Archaeological Discoveries" is divided into three units, mainly introducing the representative key archaeological projects in various periods in Shaanxi. The first unit, "Exploring the Source Civilization and Constructing the Ancestral History", focuses on the three Duyi sites of Yangguanzhai, Lushan' and Shi'an; the second unit, "Tracing the Empire and Reproducing the Prosperous Era", introduces the highly representative qin, Han, and Tang relics in Shaanxi; the third unit, "Tracing the Ancient Capital, Taoye Fengya", mainly displays the archaeological discoveries in Shaanxi after the Song Dynasty represented by yaozhou kiln sites and Lü family tombs.
Archaeological discoveries - Qin figurines
Mobile laboratory model for heritage conservation at archaeological sites
After the overall introduction of cultural relics protection, the "Cultural Relics Protection Chapter" shows the restoration, protection and research of ceramics, bronzes, complex remains, murals, textiles and lacquerware, etc., focusing on the application of new technologies, new means and new materials in the protection of cultural relics of different textures, and showing the public the responsibility and responsibility of the conservators of cultural relics work.
(This article is synthesized from the previous reports of Archaeology Shaanxi, Xi'an Publishing, Xi'an Daily, Zhan Play and The Paper)