Say Russia in one breath

(I)

Speaking of Russia, the Mongols can never be avoided.

Mongolia in the 13th century developed like chicken blood and rose strongly. Extend the tentacles of external expansion to northeast Europe.

In 1243, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu planted a flag in the lower Volga region and established the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Moscow saw that Mongolia was a hard stubble, and the rebellion was equivalent to giving people heads, so they did not stop and simply submitted to the Golden Horde.

At that time, there were many principalities in the Russian region, and the Mongols felt that the Grand Duchy of Moscow was obedient, so they asked him to collect taxes from other principalities on his behalf, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow took the opportunity to string together the small principalities to form the prototype of Russia.

The Golden Horde later declined, the Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually grew, and in 1480 Ivan III defeated the Mongol Khanate and broke away from Mongol rule.

(2)

In 1547, Ivan IV was crowned the first Tsar, and Russia entered the Tsarist era.

The Mongols directly and indirectly ruled for 240 years, leaving the Russians with a strong desire for expansion of the soil gene, the character of the Russian brown bear gradually formed, opened its mouth to eat the whales of the surrounding countries to eat and eat, all did not let go, the weak and small countries directly annexed, encountering the stronger also have to pull a piece of territory from other countries, just like the snake continues to eat, the territory of Tsarist Russia is eating bigger and bigger.

Russian brown bear

From 1547 to 1917, the Tsarist era expanded over hundreds of years, reaching an area of more than 20 million square kilometers, becoming a territorial giant spanning Eurasia.

During World War I, Tsarist Russia, which was full of domestic contradictions, could not suppress the resistance and anger underneath.

The February Revolution broke out and the last Tsar, Nicholas II, was thrown to the ground.

The Provisional Government, organized by the burghers, took power, but the Provisional Government could not tolerate the Soviets fighting together, and Lenin and the Soviets represented by the workers and soldiers immediately went underground. Eight months later, on October 25, 1917, Lenin launched an uprising in St. Petersburg to seize power, known as the October Revolution, and established Soviet Socialist Russia, referred to as Soviet Russia.

The Soviet Union was still established, the First World War was not over, Lenin did not want to mix with the chaos of the First World War, in order to preserve the strength of the soviet Russia, decided to sign a peace treaty with Germany and withdraw from the First World War.

In 1918, after the end of the First World War, other capitalist countries saw that Soviet Russia was a "different kind" from themselves, so Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Poland and other countries gathered joint armed intervention on the grounds that Soviet Russia unilaterally withdrew from the war against Germany and the debt problem of Tsarist Russia. But Lenin commanded properly, and the intervention forces were defeated by the Soviet Red Army.

(III)

On December 30, 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or soviet union, was formed by Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the Federation of the South Caucasus.

Lenin died in January 1924.

Lenin was undoubtedly a great leader, and he was recognized as the teacher of the revolutionary struggle of the world proletariat.

After Lenin's death, the Soviet Union entered the Stalin period.

Stalin is a very powerful person, reigned for 30 years, he is one of the founders of the Soviet Union, has an iron fist, governance ability and prestige is the level of the father of the Soviet Union, can be said to be the top player of global strategy. He instigated Kim Il-sung to launch the Korean War, played the Korean War as a conspiracy, and sucked up the United States in the Far East. In his hands, he swept the industrial strength of the Soviet Union into the sky, through two five-year plans to change from an agrarian country to an industrial country, greatly increased its strength, and later had the strength to fight against the German army in World War II, but Stalin's partial development of heavy industry model operated for a long time, and finally became a shackle that the successors could not get rid of, laying the groundwork for the later collapse of the Soviet Union. In the early stages of World War II, the Soviet Union did not adapt to the rapid playing style of the German army and was forced into a corner, the soldiers approached the city, and finally the Soviet military and civilians were miraculously reborn in adversity in the cold, killing the German army, and Stalin played an irreplaceable leadership role in ending fascism as the head of the Soviet Union. During World War II, he did not forget to expand the territory and harvest the territory, put parts of the territory of Poland and Finland in his pocket, and let Japan spit out what it got during the Russo-Japanese War. At the time of his death, the Territory of the Soviet Union reached 22 million square kilometers, and it had the strength to wrench the wrist with the United States strategically, laying the foundation for the subsequent struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Here by the way, the United States and the Soviet Union:

After World War II, the fragile alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union no longer required the etiquette of the crown. They see the world as a mountain, and there is no room for two tigers in one mountain. Due to different ideologies, the two sides look at each other unfavorably, no one obeys the other, each side regards the other as an outlier, pulls the team to fight, and forms the East and West camps. The KGB and the CIA sent spies to each other and fought each other; seeing one spacecraft after another in the sky, the United States was red in the eyes and unconvinced, and the strength of the country came to a difficult Apollo manned landing on the moon to suppress the Soviet Union. Seeing that the United States built atomic bombs, the Soviet Union riveted enough to produce until the two sides were balanced; the Korean War and the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union secretly tripped, and provided equipment and military guidance, making the United States embarrassed; when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, the United States made it bad, raised bin Laden, activated guerrillas, and pit the Soviet Union. When the two sides were tense, such as the Cuban crisis in 1962, if it were not for Khrushchev's last-minute confession, it would have almost triggered a nuclear war. In short, during the Cold War, the two big men spared no effort in everything for the purpose of depleting each other's strength.

Stalin was followed by Khrushchev, who was markedly inferior to Stalin in both strategy and tactics in governing the country. Coming to power was a chaotic operation that completely negated Stalin and caused ideological confusion. The zero foundation supported China's industrial system, and then fell out with China, losing such a large market as China, which was a huge loss to the Soviet Union's original imperfect economic system. Competing for hegemony with the United States, Cuba lacked confidence during the crisis, which humiliated the Soviet Union. Khrushchev's reforms never left the Stalinist model, and the Soviet economy did not improve much, and finally Brezhnev cut the back road during his vacation and left the scene.

The Soviet Union entered a period of great power in the Brezhnev era, with a national strength of 60% or 70% of the United States, more nuclear bombs than the United States, and the relationship between the "Xunzong" dynasty and China was also extremely poor, and the two sides had a bloody conflict on Zhenbao Island in northeast China in 1968. During the U.S. invasion of Vietnam, it continued to supply blood to North Vietnam and depleted U.S. national strength. In 1979, the Soviet Union's heavy industry and military strength reached its peak, and "Xunzong" waded through the muddy waters of Afghanistan, a 10-year war in which the Soviet Union's national strength was dragged down by the "Imperial Cemetery". "Emperor Xunzong" Brezhnev waited for 18 years, and during the Brezhnev period, the lifelong system of leading cadres was implemented, the privileged interest groups within the Soviet Union were formed, the Soviet Union went from prosperity to decline, and the Soviet system began to ossify.

Since then, the Soviet Union has entered the period of old age, and 2 old and terminally ill old people have been playing in succession, Andropov has died in power for 15 months, and Chernenko has died for 13 months.

At this time, the rigid Soviet Union gradually revealed the state of sinking into the boat and the sick wood.

The Soviet Union and some Eastern European countries played in groups, which is a closed-loop closed system composed of the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, characterized by non-market nature, inability to allocate resources efficiently, blockade of Western technology, inability to obtain advanced new technologies, gradually drifting out of the world economic system, and finally disconnected from world development, facing the impact of major changes in international prices, unable to adapt to and overwhelm, and falling into the dilemma of weak growth.

The shortcomings of the Stalin model gradually appeared, the collective economic system became rigid, and the commodities produced in the Soviet Union lagged behind the world level, could not be sold internationally, and could not earn foreign exchange.

The output of Soviet agriculture has not been raised, there has been a shortage of grain, the gap needs to buy grain internationally, the 70s encountered high oil prices, foreign exchange has more money to buy grain, but high oil prices mask the potential food crisis. In 1989 and 1990, the global grain harvest failed, international grain prices rose sharply, international oil prices fell, foreign exchange income plummeted, the Soviet Union had little foreign exchange left, there was no money to buy grain from the international community, and the masses who waited for rice to be cooked were hungry and panicked when they did not eat, the stomachs of the Soviet people could not be filled, and the grain shook the foundation of rule.

In 1985, the Soviet Union ushered in the final terminator--- Gorbachev. Goech did not turn the tide, but instead fueled the waves, Goss also saw the Terminal Illness of the Soviet Union, but he did not have the ability to revive the dead, randomly prescribed a lot of wrong medicine, launched some failed reforms, and brought more difficulties to the Soviet Union. It is equivalent to the old Soviet car about to drive to the edge of the cliff, slamming the throttle hard, pushing the Soviet Union to the final abyss.

The Soviet Union itself is an alliance of many countries, when it is strong, the combination can be maintained, the economy is not good, and the member countries naturally move to separate their minds, thinking of a whale and everything. Russia is the largest and strongest, and it seems that the small member countries are dragging oil bottles, eager to get rid of the burden, and do not want to be dragged down. Some of the member countries such as Ukraine and the Baltic sea wanted to split the land into kings, from governors to presidents, so they scattered in one shot, the Soviet Union shook its body, unloaded 15 member countries, and the main body was slimmed down into Russia.

As the last defenders of the Soviet Union, a group of older soviet factions tried to save the Soviet Union from disintegration and launched the August coup (8.19 coup), but it was unsuccessful.

On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union, which had existed for 74 years, collapsed.

(Wanton)

Having said this, we make a summary of the Soviet Union:

From Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, the abilities of successive leaders of the Soviet Union have been declining from generation to generation, and Gorbachev has not successfully renewed his life for the Soviet Union.

The collapse of the Soviet Union was the result of a combination of internal and external factors.

The Soviet Union has never corrected its industrial bias, and the Soviet Union has never seriously developed its economy.

The imbalance of the economic structure has been pushed to the limit, and it has become a lame giant. Various ills of the late Soviet Union emerged.

The CPSU has never innovated itself, divorced itself from the people's Soviet Union, and when the Soviet Union disintegrated, the people waited and watched without retention.

During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the United States laid out a long period of innings in the open and in the dark. For example, strictly restricting the technical transactions between the Soviet Union and the Western system, jointly pressing the price of oil with Saudi Arabia, cutting off the Soviet Union's financial road to earn foreign exchange from oil, taking a bias toward the Soviet Union in the arms race, and burning money hard in the military, so that the Soviet Union in the industrial field as a partial student and a road to the black.

In the 74 years of the existence of the Soviet Union, the fire burned fiercely and suddenly extinguished. Its rise is also vigorous, and its death is also rapid.

The Soviet Union, a behemoth that once existed in the north of our country, is like a mirror, and all the mistakes made by the Soviet Union have played a negative role in teaching China to avoid lightning and hide from pits.

(Wu)

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin took charge of Russia and completed the capitalist restructuring. Yeltsin thought that Russia's replacement of the vest would be accepted by the West, but he did not expect that the West wanted to hide needles in the cotton.

In those years, Russia, which inherited the mantle of the Soviet Union, was still an outlier in front of the West, and in order to further weaken Russia, Western politicians poured ecstasy into Russian President Boris Yeltsin, let him pay for his own martial arts, all kinds of foolishness, and vigorous bloodletting; the Soviet Union's family property was constantly lost, and many oligarchs emerged, and the Russian people suffered from freezing and starvation and humiliation. Russia became a sick cat, and the Russian army did not have the momentum of the Soviet Red Army, and it could not take down the rebels and beat itself breathlessly.

Yeltsin was obviously unable to play in governing the country, and he chose to quit the game, did the only thing he was right before leaving--- chose Putin.

Putin did not disappoint the Russian nation that had experienced years of chaos, and after coming to power, he quickly cleaned up The mess of Yeltsin, calmed down the field, stabilized the situation, and Russia ushered in the era of political strongman Putin.

Putin has a lot of fun in politics. Defeated disobedient oligarchs, won the War in Chechnya, and in 2008 operated the "Translocation of the King of Che" with Medvedev, switching back and forth between the president and the prime minister.

From 2000 to 2008, Putin caught up with the high international oil prices during his term of office, Russia saved some family funds, coupled with personal charm, and the Russian people's favorability toward Putin exploded.

In 2014, Putin included Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula in Russia's territory, and was subjected to severe economic sanctions by Western countries, which shrank Russia's economy a lot. In recent years, NATO has continued to expand eastward, and the corner has been dug into Ukraine, making Russia realize that it and the Western countries are not the same people at all, and turn to the East.

Putin is still in charge of Russia, history continues, and we are waiting for the future of Russia.