Death of Zanibe Khan
The Khan of Zanibe, who brought the "Black Death" to Europe, sent an army to the Ilkhanate in 1355, taking advantage of the internal strife in the Ilkhanate.
The march went very smoothly, and the resistance of the Ilkhanate was crushed by the Golden Horde like an autumn wind sweeping away the leaves, and the Golden Horde army drove straight in. Azerbaijan was conquered, and the capital of the Ilkhanate, Thebilis (Tabriz), was also captured.
Zanibe completed the unfinished business of his ancestors, and the territory of the Golden Horde was greatly expanded.
In 1357, Zanibe, on his way back to the army, fell seriously ill and was about to die soon after.
The ten thousand household officials around Zanibe, Tuorubo, befriended Zanibe's son, Beldibe, and he was afraid that the Khan would die of illness halfway, and the other princes would seize the Khan's throne, so they sent a letter to Berdibe, asking him to hurry to the army and inherit the Khan's throne.
Berdybe quickly rushed from Azerbaijan to the camp.
When he learned that his son had left his post without permission, Zanibe was furious, and in order to cope, he ordered a meeting to be convened.
Tuo Rubeus understood that this was to solve himself and Berdibe at the meeting.
In order to protect himself, in order to allow Berdibe to succeed to the throne smoothly, he broke into the Khan tent and strangled Zanibe to death on the carpet.
In front of his father's corpse, Berdibe inherited the Khan's throne, and when he returned to the capital, he executed 12 of his brothers.
Standing in the pool of blood of his relatives, the triumphant Berdydy thinks that "he can enjoy the throne of the monarch alone."
Unfortunately, the Khan position obtained through intrigue and killing is doomed not to last long, especially because Berdibe simply does not have the "power, prestige and ambition" that a generation of male lords should have.
This doomed him to be a victim of his own ambitions. And along with the sacrifice, there is also the prosperity of the Golden Horde for a hundred years.
The decline of the Golden Horde
There is a saying among the Uzbeks that "after the Berdibehan, the neck of the camel was cut off." This means that the mighty Golden Horde began to decline after Berdybe, and from Berdybe, the Khanate inherited from Batu ceased to exist.
After returning to the capital, Berdibie, who had killed his father and 12 brothers, was surprised to find that there were far more opponents than he had imagined.
This starts with the administrative system of the Golden Horde.
The administrative system of the Golden Horde was divided into three parts:
One was the central office centered on the capital, Belgosare, which controlled the khanate's direct subordinate forces.
The second was the governor of Khwarazm, Briar, Crimea and other places.
The third is the Nayan of the nomadic tribes of the steppe.
When a powerful khan reigned, the central government had absolute authority, and both the governors and the Nayans would bow down and obey the central government.
And once the central authority was weakened or lost, the self-governing governors and nayans would proclaim or depose the khan in their own interests.
During the reign of the Moon and Zanibe Khan, the khan's authority was as great as the sun was in the sky, and the Golden Horde was unified and united.
However, the usurpation of the throne by Berdybet greatly challenged the central authority, especially the atrocities of his slaughter of his brothers disobeyed the governor and the Nayan and the generals, his trust was seriously reduced, and the strength of the Khanate was seriously shaken.
During the 2-year reign of Berdybe, the khanate was in turmoil and he was unable to restore order.
In 1359, Berdibe was killed by his brother Kurina.
During his 2-year reign, Kurina was killed by his brother Nagelus.
Even as the Brothers of the Khans of the Golden Horde were slaughtering, the White Horde was ready to intervene in the internal affairs of the Golden Horde.
The White Horde was the largest vassal state of the Golden Horde and had always been far removed from the various disputes of the Golden Horde, so its strength had never been compromised.
Seeing the chaos of the Golden Horde, the White Horde sent his brother, Qidil, to Lead an army to Sarai to seize the Position of Golden Horde.
Kirdi began secret negotiations with Nagirus's men, and the generals killed the Nagirus family and the nobles loyal to him who had been on the throne for less than a year and tied them up to The Camp of Chidir.
Kidir declared himself Khan of the Golden Horde.
At this time, however, the throne of the Golden Horde was like a spell, and anyone who tried to possess it would fall into a vortex of cannibalism.
Soon after Qidir claimed to be khan, he was killed by his son Timur the Burner.
The Timurid burner, who killed his father, reigned for less than 5 weeks before he was killed by another brother, Muru.
So will Mulu be the terminator of the Khan scramble?
When Muru proclaimed himself Khan in Sarai, he faced two enemies, one was the King of the Golden Horde, Qilidibe, and the other was The Son-in-Law of Beldibe khan, Mamai.
Mamai won
Kildibe was easily defeated by Mulu, but Mulu was defeated by Mamai.
Mamai was the son-in-law of Beldibi Khan and naturally did not have the bloodline of a self-proclaimed Khan. However, relying on his great strength, he gradually controlled the western territory of the khanate, and successively established 3 puppet khans - Dula Khan, Ma Ma. Surutan Khan, Mahama Isa Khan.
After this series of infighting, the Golden Horde was no longer what it used to be, and the governors of the rich regions such as Khwarazm and Briar began to support themselves, and the taxes were not transferred to the center, but to themselves.
Although MaMai was strong, he could not sweep them away, not to mention that there was a powerful White Horde next to him.
Beginning in 1360, the Golden Horde spent twenty years in constant wars and infighting, and in the past twenty years, 20 khans have appeared.
Mamai and the White Horde became rival camps. Both sides claimed to represent the orthodoxy of the Golden Horde and both said they would fight for national unity and peace.
The Golden Horde was in rapid decline, while the once-infinitely submissive Rus' city-states grew stronger through the efforts of successive Grand Dukes of the Muscovite Principality.
Eventually, they will take up arms and swear their declaration of independence.