If we talk about the most troublesome project of the Central Plains Dynasty, the raids of the northern nomads can definitely be included in the list. From the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Hui, Tangas... It was passed down all the way to the Mongolian nomads, and repeatedly rubbed the Central Plains Dynasty to send children and daughters.
Even in the face of Genghis Khan's golden family, the Great Song finally sent Jiangshan along with it.
But by the time of the last feudal dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the northern nomads seemed to have suddenly fallen silent, except for a few small exchanges of fire with the Eight Banners Green Camp, and the bridge section of "Manchu and Mongolian Family Relatives" was staged at other times.
Most of the Central Plains Dynasty regarded the Great Wall as a national project, and the Qing Dynasty basically did not send construction teams to repair it, and the oil and water of the Ministry of Works was reduced a lot.
So, how did the Qing Dynasty make the northern nomads submit?
The first is military conquest.
Nomadic people advocate force, and those who can do it try not to be noisy, and those who can't do it with their hands are obedient. Li Shimin of the second generation of the Tang Dynasty was called the Heavenly Khan by all parties, that is, a person who can really fight, and even his brother and brother can dare to click, and the nomad is toothpick meat in his eyes.
The Qing Dynasty belonged to the nomadic people, and the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners at that time can be said to be the best in Asia.
"Jurchen is not satisfied with ten thousand, and if she is full of ten thousand, she is invincible in the world", this slogan is not a slogan played by the Manchus in their own communities, but shouted by the enemy.
The advantages of northern nomads such as Mongolia are physical fitness and mobility. The Mongolian steppe on the daily cattle and mutton, Naadam, physical fitness has nothing to say, the Central Plains Dynasty is mainly based on crops and difficult to pk with. However, the diet structure of the Manchus is not bad with that of Mongolia, and they also eat meat and drink wine in large mouths. Not only that, but also often eat fish, the nutritional structure is more complete than Mongolia.
As for the mobility of the Mongol cavalry, there was no bargain here in the Manchu Qing. The Jurchens are located in the white water of the Black Mountain, hunting and fishing every day, riding and shooting kung fu compared to Mongolia, it is not easy to say who can rob whose daughter-in-law.
The nomadic people came and went like the wind, and when the Central Plains Dynasty dealt with them, even if the combat effectiveness could keep up, it often could not catch people. This point does not exist for the Manchu Qing, you come and go like the wind, I come and go like the wind, you eight level of strong wind, I am the whole twelve.
The second is a series of governance policies represented by the league flag.
As the last feudal dynasty, the Qing Dynasty had many reference books in the previous dynasties, and they fully absorbed the previous failed experience in dealing with the nomadic herders in the north and achieved the results of the mother of failure.
The Qing Dynasty did not suppress the Mongols by force and was finished, but a whole set of combined fists, not to ko you:
The Qing Emperor first directly inherited the legal system of the Mongol Empire as the Great Khan of the Mongols, so that the Qing Emperor also became the boss of the Mongols, and a considerable part of the personnel transfer was under the control of the Qing Emperor. If you are not convinced, you can do it with a straight face.
In the arrangement of the alliance flag system, the grassland is divided into leagues according to the area, and the league is further refined into each banner, directly dividing the grassland forces into countless small tribes, so small that they are unable to resist the Qing court.
The Qing court also gradually perfected the eight banners of the whole country into "Manchu Eight Banners", "Mongolian Eight Banners", and "Han Eight Banners", and the flags in the league came under the dual jurisdiction of the league and the Mongolian eight banners of the imperial court, and each other was contained.
The alliances were not approved by the Qing court, and intermarriage was not allowed, which cut off the possibility of alliance between tribes from blood.
However, the Qing court intermarried with the various leagues, but unlike the Central Plains Dynasty and the Pro-Kin, they expanded the peace channel:
The Central Plains Dynasty generally sent its own princesses to the frontier. The Qing court not only sent its own princess gege to Mongolia, but also asked mongolia to send the princess gege to mongolia, and the Qing emperor also turned over their small cards. In this way, after several generations, the blood lineage is very integrated.
After a set of combined fists, the Mongol tribes can be roughly divided into two parts: the outer domain of the north of the desert and the inner part of the south of the desert, and the south of the desert has basically realized the return of the land, while the north of the desert is divided into countless small divisions.
Again, the Qing court gave the Mongolian and other nomadic herders enough respect and a stable life.
When the Qing court was in the Golden Age, it painted a lot of big cakes for the Mongol tribes, but the Qing court did not become capitalists, and later after it became bigger, many of them cashed in, giving the Princes and nobles of Mongolia the title of officials and knights, giving treatment to those who wanted treatment, giving face to face, and those who wanted autonomy to die and beat them.
Not only that, the Qing court also vigorously promoted the Yellow Religion, making the nomadic faith one of the beliefs at the level of the Qing Empire, making the nomadic herders feel that they were not following the wrong people, and the Manchu Qing realized the colonization from the ideology.
The reason why the Han people can't use force is because they practice farming. The Qing court used the same method to weaken the Mongol tribes, not to let them cultivate land, but on the basis of the alliance flag system, let the tribes in their own territory, change nomadic to pastoral.
Cultivating land in the Central Plains and "breeding cattle and sheep" in the steppe areas have gradually made Mongolia accustomed to a comfortable life, and its combat effectiveness is naturally not good.
In addition, from the perspective of the external environment, Mongolia has also lost its strategic depth.
It turned out that when they attacked the Central Plains Dynasty, they used small groups of cavalry to plunder, and as soon as the Central Plains army came, they collected the yurts, pulled their hands and shouted, and ran to the depths of the steppe, and no one could find them.
However, during the Qing Dynasty, the rise of Tsarist Russia in the far north, Mongolia was limited by the Qing Dynasty and Tsarist Russia, without strategic depth, there was no escape, and the original way of fighting was not very effective.
above.