In 1254 AD, Hulagu, the grandson of Genghis Khan, launched the Third Mongol Expedition, a war against the countries of West Asia that became a turning point in the history of the Mongol Empire. Since then, the Mongol nobles have begun a long civil war and can no longer work together to expand the territory of the empire.
The Mongol army of the Third Western Expedition was blocked by the Mamluk cavalry of Egypt in the plains of Ain Jalu in southern Syria. After the war, Hulagu established the Ilkhanate in Western Asia, and in the north of the khanate, a new threat emerged, and the Great Khan of the Golden Horde, Bergo, was eyeing his cousin Hulagu.
Hulagu was the son of Tuolei, so the Ilkhanate belonged to the Tuolei clan like the Yuan Dynasty, and the Golden Horde Waser brother was the son of Shuchi. Before the establishment of the Ilkhanate, the relationship between the Tuolei family and the Shuchi family had been very good, but with the establishment of the Ilkhanate, relatives also began to break up.
The reason for the rupture was not complicated, during Hulagu's Western Expedition, the Golden Horde Sent Troops to Assist in the War, and belego wanted to get Azerbaijan in the northwest of the Ilkhanate after the war, but Hulagu refused.
In addition, Hulagu massacred the inhabitants of Baghdad during the Western Expedition and executed the caliph Mustai Suimu, which also made Bergo very dissatisfied, because Belgo had converted and became a Muslim.
The conflict between Belgo and Hulagu soon spread to distant Egypt, when Egypt was under the rule of the Mamluk dynasty, and its sultan Baibars, Hulagu's sworn enemy, defeated hulagu's Mongol western expedition at the Battle of Ainjaru.
Just as the enemy of the so-called enemy is a friend, Baibars was eager to pull Belgo into his camp, and the news of Belgo's conversion made him very happy, and thought that it was best to attack the Ilkhanate with the Golden Horde.
So Baibars decided to establish diplomatic relations with the Golden Horde and wrote a letter to the Golden Horde, Bergo, the contents of which were dictated by Baibars and recorded by his secretary Abdul Zansil.
According to Abdul Zansil' account, in this letter, Baibars instigated Bergo against his cousin Hulagu, who incited hatred and hostility between the two cousins. Baibars claimed to have received news of Belgo's conversion and believed that Bergo was obligated to wage war against the Ilkhanate, even if Hulagu was his relative.
The letter was quickly delivered to Belgo, who immediately sent envoys to Egypt and decided to join Baibars.
When Belgo's envoys arrived in Cairo, Baibars warmly received them and gave them a tour of the city of Cairo, the largest city in the Middle East at the time, and the size of cairo surprised the envoys of the Golden Horde.
Subsequently, Baibars personally received the envoys, and after various reception ceremonies, they began to talk about the affairs between the two countries. In the end, Baibars prepared a list of gifts for Belgo that would be very "interesting" to historians, and all kinds of wonderful gifts in the gift list would be given to Bergo.
When the envoys of the Golden Horde had finished their visit to Egypt, they returned to the Golden Horde with gifts from Baibars, and upon receiving them, Bergo made up his mind to go to war against his cousin Hulagu.
What kind of magic did these gifts have that would make Hulagu decide to fight his cousin? The Arab historian Mustafa has recorded in detail the items in this list of gifts:
Egyptian donkeys, Arabian horses, giraffes and monkeys, Nubian camels, Chinese porcelain, pots made of serpentine, black slaves and female cooks; gilded lamps and various lampstands, carpets and cushions for prayer; Venetian cloth and Oriental dresses, and various crafts. Damascus machetes with elaborate patterns; round hammers and armor in gilding; steel helmets in Europe; saddles in khwarazm; mahlers inlaid with gold and silver; crossbows that spray oil; spears and javelins, bows and slingshots with rings.....
The gifts prepared by Baibars were enough to impress the Golden Horde Bergo, because they came from all over the world, many of which he had never seen before. But for Egypt at the time, these things were not too precious, because Cairo's commerce was very developed, and every day cargo ships delivered goods from all over the world to Cairo's ports.
The gifts that Baibars gave to Bergo were later sent to the Golden Horde, and for more than a century after that, the Mamluk dynasty sent many gifts to the Golden Horde. Later, Russian archaeological excavations of the site of Belgosale, the capital of the Golden Horde, revealed many items sent from the Mamluk dynasty, even the inlaid tiles of the palaces and temples, which were produced in Egypt.
Due to the distance and the lack of information on the steppe, Belgo did not know much about the Mamluk dynasty in Egypt, and through the gift sent by Baibars, he could also understand that the Mamluk dynasty was a "world power", and the war against his cousin Hulagu was his "surrender" to Bai Balsna.
In the winter of 1262 AD, Belgo led a large army of the Golden Horde to invade the Ilkhanate, and he and Hulagu fought many battles in the Caucasus, and the two sides won and lost each other. The war between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate lasted for nearly a century, until the fall of the Ilkhanate in 1335 AD, and the civil war between relatives was declared over.
Reference: A History of the Rise and Fall of the Golden Horde