The victory of the Mamluk cavalry in Egypt and the victory of the invincible Mongol army in Syria over the invincible Mongol army is indeed a miracle in the history of human warfare.
Although the scale of the battle was not large, the Mongol army plus conscription army totaled 22,000 people, and the Mamluk cavalry totaled 12,000 people, but its significance was very significant.
On their third western expedition, the Mongol army destroyed the Assassin state that terrified the entire Arab region, the State of Muraz, destroyed the Abbasid Dynasty, the center of the Arab region, conquered the Ayyubid Dynasty in Syria and occupied its capital Damascus. At that time, only a small part of the Ayyubid dynasty remained. If this small part had also been taken down by the Mongols, the Arab civilization that the Crusades could not destroy would have been essentially destroyed by the Mongols.
At this time, the Mamluk cavalry appeared. With the help of a battle in Ain Jaru in Syria, they defeated the Mongol army and prevented the Mongol army from continuing its western conquest of Egypt. As a result, the Syrian region, the territories owned by the Ayyyubid dynasty, were re-established, and a Burji dynasty was re-established, ruling Egypt for 300 years.
Why were the Mamluk cavalry able to defeat the Mongols and regain all of Syria?
Of course, there are objective reasons for this.
First, the Mamluk cavalry was not the main force of the Mongol Western Expedition. At that time, that is, in 1259, due to the death of Möngke in the Southern Song Dynasty Diaoyu City, Kublai Khan withdrew his army from the Southern Song Dynasty and returned to China, competing with Ali Buge for the position of Great Khan, and Hulagu also prepared to return to China. Although in the end Hulagu chose to support Kublai Khan and did not return to Mongolia, in fact, he was also waiting and waiting for the opportunity. Therefore, he did not dare to easily put his troops back into the battlefield of Syria and fight Egypt. And the great war between Kublai Khan and Ali Bu Brother lasted for four years. It was already August 1264 after the battle, and Hulagu died in February 1265. Apparently he didn't have enough time to fight the Mamluk cavalry.
Second, timidly, after the total annihilation of Ain Jalu's army, Hulagu encountered a more powerful enemy at this time. Hulagu was a believer, but the Khan of the Golden Horde, Belgo, was an Islamist, and he was very angry about Hulegu's massacre in arabia, and it was at this time that the Mamluk cavalry sent men to unite with Berego, so in 1262, Belgo raised troops to fight Hulagu. This also largely constrained Hulagu's forces, so that Hulagu did not dare to let go of a battle with the Mamluk cavalry.
Third, due to the great war between Kublai Khan and Ali Buge, which eventually caused a great division of the entire Mongol Empire, that is, Mongolia had actually been divided into the Yuan Dynasty and the Four Khanates, Hulagu did not have the support of the entire Mongolia, and the protracted war with Berego, the strength had been greatly reduced, and there was not enough strength to compete with the Mamluk cavalry.
Fourth, after Hulagu's death in 1265, the Ilkhanate was succeeded by Hulagu's son Abaha. Soon after, Abaha died and was succeeded by his younger brother. Then Abaha's brother and Abaha's son quarreled, and the country fell into chaos, so that the Ilkhanate could no longer compete with the Mamluk cavalry.
We have talked about objective reasons, but we do not mean to deny the combat effectiveness of the Mamluk cavalry. In fact, this army was a very strong army at that time, and it was made up of Egyptian slaves. If the slaves made meritorious achievements in battle, they could get rid of their slave status and even become generals, etc., so they fought very bravely. At the same time, the Mamluk cavalry riding and weapons were no less than the Mongols. Later this slave group replaced the Ayyubid dynasty and ruled Egypt for 300 years, which also shows how powerful the Mamluk cavalry was.