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On April 19, 1783, Empress Catherine II of Russia announced the incorporation of the Crimean Khanate into Tsarist Russia, and the Crimean Khanate, which had existed for more than 300 years, was destroyed. How did Tsarist Russia annex Crimea, the captain told you.
First, the Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate
By the middle of the 15th century, the Golden Horde had declined and was fragmented. Yuan Muzong
Surgical red
A descendant of
Haji Glai
Thus occupying the Crimean Peninsula and establishing the Crimean Khanate here. Soon the Ottoman Empire destroyed the Byzantine Empire and accelerated its expansion into the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. The Crimean Khanate then submitted to the Ottomans and became a vassal state.
Golden Horde
In 1502, the Great Horde (the main successor of the Golden Horde) came to an end under the combined blows of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Crimean Khanate, and the Golden Horde was completely destroyed. Thereafter, both the Grand Duchy of Moscow (later evolved into Tsarist Russia) and the Crimean Khanate presented themselves as successors to the Golden Horde, attacking each other for land and beginning a war of hegemony between the two sides for more than two hundred years.
Second, the War between Austria and Russia
Europe in 1763
In the early 18th century, the Ottoman Empire declined, and the Crimean Khanate followed suit. However, Tsarist Russia grew stronger and more actively expanded southward, hoping to obtain good ports in the Black Sea and attack Ottoman influence, so it plotted to annex the Crimean Khanate. In 1768, the Ottomans declared war on Tsarist Russia because of its invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which seriously threatened its security on the northern shore of the Black Sea. The Crimean Khanate, as a vassal state of the Ottomans, sent troops to support it. Although the Ottoman and Crimean armies were more than twice as numerous as the Russians, they suffered repeated defeats on the battlefield due to frequent civil unrest, low morale, and command errors.
Catherine
Austria, Prussia, and Britain, seeing that Tsarist Russia had won many victories, feared that their power would be too great and threatened their own interests, so they forced Tsarist Russia to negotiate peace. Under strong Austrian pressure, Russia made peace with the Ottomans in 1774 and signed the Peace Treaty of Kuchukkenagy. The treaty stipulated that the Ottomans ceded Kerch, Yenikale, Kabadia and other places to Tsarist Russia, relinquishing control of the Crimean Khanate. Since then, Tsarist Russia has gained access to the Sea of the Black Sea, accelerated its infiltration into the Crimean Peninsula, and facilitated the subsequent annexation of the Crimean Khanate.
Third, the Russian army invaded Crimea
Abdulhamid I
In 1774, the Crimean Khanate was ostensibly independent from the Ottomans, but had Russian troops stationed in its territory, so it effectively became a vassal state of Tsarist Russia. The Crimeans did not want to be controlled by Tsarist Russia, so they sent people to the Ottomans for help, pleading with the Sultan
Fight against Tsarist Russia. However, the Ottomans did not want to offend the powerful Tsarist Russia, so they refused the request of the Crimean Khanate.
In 1775, The Khan of Crimea
Devlet Gillet
Because of the instability of internal rule, he again appealed to the Ottomans, asking Abdulhamid I to repeal the Treaty of Kuchukkainaji and re-accept the Crimean Khanate as a vassal state. But ottoman foreign secretary
Ahmed Resmi Efendi
Unwilling to offend Tsarist Russia, he refused to provide any assistance to the Crimean Khanate. Devlet Gillet had to flee Crimea and go into exile in the Ottomans.
Shahien Glai
In 1777, Russia invaded the Crimean Khanate in flagrant violation of the Treaty of Kuchukkainaji. Crimean Khan
Devlet
They had to flee to the Ottomans, and the Tsarist Russia was in support
for the Crimean Khan. Shahien Glai followed the example of Tsarist Russia in carrying out reforms: strengthening centralized and authoritarian rule; replacing the Millet system with a legal system; and allowing Russians to settle on the Crimean Peninsula, thus attracting strong opposition from the Crimeans.
Soon after the Large-scale Anti-Russian Uprising broke out in the Crimean Khanate, Shahi'en Gelai sent troops to suppress it, but the soldiers fell to the side of the people and surrounded the palace. Under pressure from the Crimeans in the country, the Ottomans sent a small fleet to support the Crimean populace. But Tsarist Russia quickly sent troops to suppress the Crimean uprising and repulsed the Ottoman fleet.
Fourth, Tsarist Russia annexed Crimea
Ottoman Empire
Although Shahien Glai's reforms were significantly hampered, he did not abandon his will to continue to carry them out, but they did not play much because there were too few supporters. Empress of Tsarist Russia
Catherine II
In order to weaken the Strength of the Crimean Khanate, the local Pontus (descendants of Greeks on the north shore of the Black Sea) was deliberately relocated to the north shore of the Sea of Azov. Crimea's economy suffered a heavy blow due to the large number of Pontians engaged in commercial activities.
In 1779, Russia and the Ottomans signed the Treaty of kavak: Russia promised to withdraw its troops from the Crimean Khanate within four months; both Russia and the Ottomans promised not to interfere in any of the Crimean Khanate's affairs. Since then, the Crimean Khanate could no longer obtain any support from the Ottomans, and Russia had accelerated its infiltration and control of Crimea.
Tsarist Russia and Crimea
In 1781, another large-scale uprising broke out in the Crimean Khanate, and the people embraced it
Bahadir
For khan, against Shahi'en Gelai. Bahadir quickly took control of much of Crimea, and Shahim Glai had to flee to Tsarist Russia for help. subsequently
send
Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin
Invasion of the Crimean Khanate. The Russians quickly took control of the Crimean Peninsula and restored shahien Glam's rule.
Catherine II, dissatisfied with Shahien Glai's repeated defeats and escapes, asked Potemkin for advice on whether the Crimean Khanate could be annexed in order to avoid another revolt by the Crimeans. Potemkin knew the Empress's intentions and lied that the Crimeans were willing to submit to Russian rule. In 1783, Catherine II, at the instigation of Potemkin, officially declared the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula and the destruction of the Crimean Khanate.
In general, both the Crimean Khanate and Tsarist Russia were vassal states of the Golden Horde, both of which rose up in the decline of the Golden Horde and united to destroy the Golden Horde. Russia, which had always dreamed of gaining access to the Sea on the Black Sea, actively expanded southward, taking advantage of the decline of the Ottoman Empire and annexing the Crimean Khanate.