Usually densely populated places, either the natural environment is superior for farming, or the high degree of scientific and technological economic development has promoted population growth, unfortunately, both of which are not related to Mongolia.
The environment of the Mongolian plateau was already bitterly cold, and it was difficult to bear too many people during the Han Dynasty, and the Bank of China, who had turned to the Xiongnu, once said to Yi Zhishan at that time: "The population of the Xiongnu is not as good as a county in the Han Dynasty." "It's not an exaggeration, it's a real thing.
Whether in the past or now, the advantages and disadvantages of the natural environment for the size of the population is very important and very important factor, such as Northern Europe and other places, although highly wealthy, but because of the influence of natural conditions, suitable for living in too few places, so it is difficult to carry so many people, and the impact of the natural environment on the population, in ancient times, more prominent.
The average altitude of the Mongolian plateau is more than 1580 meters, the vast majority of the region belongs to the temperate continental climate, the average annual precipitation is only about 200 mm, about one-tenth of China's Jiangnan region. Moreover, mongolia, which is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, has cold and long autumn and winter, short spring and summer, and changeable weather, and various natural disasters.
The impression of Mongolia seems to be full of turquoise grasslands, a scene of "wind blowing grass and low to see cattle and sheep", but in fact, mongolia, the environment is much worse than imagined.
Although mongolia covers an area of more than 1.56 million square kilometers, about 70% of it is covered by desert and Gobi rocky beaches, and excluding the grasslands for grazing that are quite fragile, the proportion of land that can really be used for farming in Mongolia accounts for less than 2% of its total area.
Since ancient times, the Mongolian region because of the lack of products and the environment is bitter cold, the living environment is quite difficult, once the natural disaster can not graze, survival has become a huge problem, in order to plunder enough food and other living materials, active in the Mongolian plateau of various ethnic groups often go south to invade the Central Plains.
Since ancient times, Mongolia is not a densely populated place in the 13th century AD, after Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes, the great Mongolian state established at that time, coupled with a large number of other ethnic groups that submitted to the submissive, the total population was only about 1 million, until the Mongols destroyed the Jin Dynasty, the Mongolian population at that time did not exceed 2 million, and most of them were concentrated in the Hulunbuir Grassland, Hetao Plain and other areas with relatively superior natural environment, that is, today's Inner Mongolia region, and today's Mongolia is still sparsely populated.
When Genghis Khan went on an expedition to Huarazimo, the total population of the entire camp was only about 4,000.
After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the favorable environment of the Central Plains attracted a large number of Mongols to the south, and the population of the Mongolian plateau area continued to grow slowly, until the Ming Dynasty, the population of Wallachia and Tatar was only about 8 million, and the Tatars and Wallachia at that time also included many areas that do not belong to Mongolia today, if you talk about mongolia alone, it is even smaller.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the population of the Mongolian plateau eventually exceeded 10 million, reaching a peak, which included the desert north and the desert south Mongolia, but after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it began to wield a soft knife to Mongolia, which caused the Mongolian population to drop sharply, and this soft knife is "worship to control its life", that is, the implementation of Buddhism.
During the Qing Dynasty, a large-scale construction of lama temples in Mongolia, the implementation of Tibetan Buddhism, and the requirement that every Mongolian family with a male monk should have someone become a monk, and the proportion is quite high, such as five male monks in the family, and three people must become monks.
Because the monks do not produce, and there are many special rights, after a large number of Mongolian men ordained, the Mongolian labor force decreased sharply, the productivity on the plateau further declined, and the monks could not marry and have children, which also greatly hindered the growth of the population, and the sharp reduction of men made more and more labor burdens fall on the heads of women, and the hard work of many years made female infertility in Mongolia extremely common during the Qing Dynasty.
After nearly three hundred years, by the end of the Qing Dynasty, the population of Outer Mongolia was less than half a million, and the situation in Inner Mongolia was slightly better, only more than one million, due to the large-scale immigration movements such as the "West Exit" in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the population of Inner Mongolia began to rebound and grow, but in the north of Outer Mongolia, the situation was much worse.
Its own growth is extremely slow, and it rejects the foreign population in modern times, Mongolia's own population has been very sparse, after the war, hiding under the wings of the Soviet Union, Mongolia, while enjoying peace, its population has also ushered in a "peak" of growth, although this peak is only vertically compared with other periods in Mongolian history.
However, although the growth rate has been greatly improved, Mongolia's population base is too small, and the population of mongolia as a whole is only the population of one or two counties in the country, so in fact, the annual increase in population is actually quite limited.
Generally speaking, there are two ways to increase population growth, one is local population growth, and the other is to introduce a large number of foreign populations. In modern Inner Mongolia, the population has risen sharply, mainly relying on the acceptance of a large number of immigrants south of the Great Wall, driving population growth at the same time, the foreign population has also brought about the growth of local production areas, and indirectly promoted the rise of the local population.
Mongolia, however, rejected such an approach, and even rejected it.
The Outer Mongols believe that their own population is already sparse, and once the foreign population is influxed on a large scale, it is easy to cause the dilution of the culture and bloodline of the ethnic group, and eventually be assimilated or even disappeared by the foreign ethnic group. Therefore, for a long time, even for immigrants of the same ethnic group, Mongolia has been opposed to exclusion.
Economic development is backward, the environmental carrying capacity is very low Mongolia's economy depends on animal husbandry and mining, and Mongolia's animal husbandry is still quite primitive, and it is still generally rough large pasture grazing, intensive and mechanized, the degree of modernization is very low, and the ability to resist natural disasters is also very poor, so although Mongolia has the world's largest per capita natural pasture, its animal husbandry is still underdeveloped.
As for the mining industry, it is even more embarrassing, Mongolia is one of the most mineral resources in the world, but it only has two neighbors, China and Russia, Russia itself is rich in resources, not only does not need Mongolian minerals, the two even have a lot of competition in the international market, so Mongolia can actually rely on the market only China.
Once Mongolia, riding on the express train of China's rapid economic development, did make a lot of money, but Mongolia was half-hearted, and even tore up the signed contracts and other things, so that the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries suddenly froze, and Mongolia's economy was also hit hard. Today, Inner Mongolia's economy is more than 18 times that of Mongolia, and even per capita, it is 2.4 times.
Generally speaking, the more developed science and technology and economy, the capacity of its land to carry the population will also increase, just like Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other regions, and vice versa, Mongolia's economic and technological development is very low, of course, the population can be quite limited, even if you want to increase the population, it is very difficult.