The Mongolian plateau was called "Desert" in ancient times, the north of the Gobi Desert-Yin Mountains was called "Desert North", and the south was called "Desert South". From the beginning of the Warring States, the nomadic peoples here have risen, and all the way to the Qing Dynasty, there have been Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, Tiele, Uighur, Khitan and Mongol regimes.
The Xiongnu were Cypriots, rising in the Warring States period and constantly invading the three kingdoms of Yan, Zhao and Qin. The Zhao and Qin dynasties successively garrisoned troops in the Hetao Plain, tun tian, and built the Great Wall against the Xiongnu. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Xiongnu took the initiative to unify the desert and threaten the Central Plains. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, he chose to marry the Xiongnu. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to power, he constantly waged wars against the Xiongnu, leading to the decline of the Xiongnu. In the late Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu split into two parts, the north and the south, and the two Xiongnu submitted to the Han Dynasty. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Xiongnu were strong and prosperous, and finally they were defeated by the Xianbei and Eastern Han Dynasties, and their power collapsed and they were forced to move west. The Southern Xiongnu guarded the frontier for the Han Dynasty for generations, moved to the Central Plains during the Western Jin Dynasty, and later dissatisfied with the oppression of the Western Jin Dynasty triggered the "Yongjia Change" and established the Former Zhao. During the Northern Dynasty, it was integrated into the Han chinese.
The Xianbei people arose in the area around the Daxing'anLing Mountains and were originally called "Donghu". During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became stronger and expelled the Northern Xiongnu and occupied the northern part of the desert. In the middle and late period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tanshi Huai unified the northern part of the desert, "the south copied the edge of the edge, the north rejected Ding Zero, the east but FuYu, the west attacked Wusun, all according to the Homeland of the Xiongnu, more than 4,000 miles in the east and west, and more than 7,000 miles in the north and south", which was a strong enemy of the Han Dynasty. After the death of Tan Shi Huai, Xianbei disintegrated. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, the Xianbei began to move inland, establishing the regimes of Former Yan, Later Yan, Western Yan, Southern Yan, Southern Liang, Western Qin, and Northern Wei in the north, and later northern Wei unified the north and formed the Northern Dynasty. Another Xianbei tribe entered Qinghai and established the Tuguhun Kingdom. After Emperor Xiaowen's reforms, the Xianbei were integrated into the Han nationality.
After the Xianbei tribe moved inward, Rouran took the opportunity to rise up and unify the desert. The early period of the Northern Dynasty was the confrontation between the Northern Wei and Rouran, and the famous Mulan appeared in this era. The history books record that the territory of Ruoran is "the land of Yanqi in the west, the land of Korea in the east, the desert in the north, the poor Han Sea, and the south is bordered by the moraine." In order to prevent the invasion of Ruoran, the Northern Wei Dynasty built the Great Wall in the Hetao area and set up six towns. Later, the Six Towns Rebellion led to the demise of Northern Wei. Rou then came to be destroyed by the Turks, and its tribes moved west to Europe, establishing the Avar Khanate, which was later destroyed by the Franks.
Turkic, arising in the Altai Mountains. In 552, he defeated Rouran and established the Khanate. Subsequently, the Southern Expedition to the North conquered the interior of Eurasia, and its territory stretched from the LiaoHai (upper reaches of the Liao River) to the east, the Caspian Sea to the west, the North Sea (present-day Lake Baikal) to the north, and the South Amu Darya River to the south. During the Sui Dynasty, it was divided into two parts, the Eastern Turks, and the Eastern Turks were destroyed for a time during the Tang Taizong period, but the kingdom was restored during the Wu Zetian period. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, the Uighurs of the North rose up and destroyed the Eastern Turks. The Western Turks were in Central Asia and had long fought wars with the Tang Dynasty, Persia, Arabia, Eastern Rome and other empires. At the end of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, the collapse of the Tuqishi Khanate marked the official demise of the Western Turks. After that, the Western Turks moved west to West Asia in large numbers, establishing the Pharazm, the Seljuk Empire, and the Turkish Empire. Some turks were also migrated to the Hexi Corridor by the Tubo people, and then migrated to Shanxi by the Tang Dynasty, that is, the Shatuo people. Later, the Shatuo people established three regimes: Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han. After that, he integrated into the Han Chinese.
Uighurs, also known as Hui, Ding Zero, Tie Le and so on. The Xueyantuo Khanate was established at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, which was destroyed by Emperor Taizong of Tang in 647. In 745, the Uighurs destroyed the Turks and established the Uighur Khaganate, which has dominated the desert ever since. The Uighurs had long allied themselves with the Tang Dynasty against Tibet. During the time of Baoyi Khan, the Uighur territory reached its peak, reaching its peak in the east to Muwei and west to the Tarim Basin. In 840, the Uighurs were defeated by the Uighurs, and most of the Uighurs chose to move south to integrate with the Han, and a small number of them moved west to the western region, establishing the Qarakhanid Dynasty and the Gaochang Uighur Khaganate. The Uighurs who migrated west developed into Uighurs.
After the collapse of the Uighurs, the Khitan began to rise along the Liao River. The Khitan were a branch of the Xianbei tribe that had long lived in the upper reaches of the Liao River, and war broke out during the Wu Zetian period and the Tang Dynasty, forcing the Tang Dynasty's Andong Protectorate to be abolished. In response to the Khitan invasion, the Tang Dynasty set up three towns in Hebei, which triggered the Anshi Rebellion. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Khitan leader Yelü Abaoji unified the various departments and established the Liao Dynasty. Later, it continued to expand and became a large empire that ruled the northeast and the desert, and the Uighurs of Gaochang became vassal states of the Liao state. In 1114, the Jin state arose and the Liao Dynasty was destroyed in 1125. After that, Yelü Dashi led a large number of Khitan tribes to move west to the western region, controlled the Gaochang Uighurs and the Qarakhanid Dynasty, and established the Western Liao Empire. The Western Liao adopted Chinese as the official language, and Russian was therefore named "Khitan" as The Chinese name. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, a large number of Khitan people also integrated into the Han people.
After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, it controlled the desert for a short time and was replaced by the Mongols. Mongolia is also part of the Humble Chamber wei, called the "Mughal Room Wei". After the fall of the Liao State, the Mongols occupied the desert. In 1206, Temujin unified the various ministries and established the Mongol Empire, and then he and his descendants conquered most of Eurasia, forming the Yuan Dynasty and the Four Khanates. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols retreated to the desert and confronted the Ming Dynasty for a long time, divided into three parts: Mobei, Monan, and Moxi. After the rise of the Qing Dynasty, it was at war with the Mongols for a long time. During the reign of Emperor Taiji, He conquered Southern Mo, and Kangxi defeated Geldan and incorporated Northern Mobei (Outer Mongolia) into his territory. By the time Qianlong completely destroyed the Dzungar Khanate (Moxi), Xinjiang was incorporated into its territory.