The emperor, the supreme ruler of ancient feudal society, was also called the "Son of Heaven", "the king, the father of heaven and the mother of the earth, is also the son of heaven." Just as the eight characters engraved on the Jade Seal of the Chuanguo Dynasty are carved by Heshi Bi: "Ordered by heaven, both shou yongchang." "Therefore, the emperor's throne is actually the orthodoxy given by the Mandate of Heaven.
From an objective point of view, the succession of dynasties in the past was basically not justified, and all of them were only taken up in the position of emperor after open strife and secret robbery.
However, between each other, the reputation is also different, and the Jin Dynasty created by Sima Yi's father and son is often scolded the most, what is the reason for this? When you read it, you will also want to scold.
In the past, the criterion for evaluating the status of a dynasty was obviously not to see how right it was, Li Shimin, who killed his brother and forced his father, and no one denied that he was a Ming Emperor, but the Jin Dynasty began with Sima Yan, the emperor of JinWu, and it was difficult to find several normal emperors.
It included the Jin Hui Emperor who "why not eat meat", who may have barely passed, that is, Sima Yan, the Emperor of Jinwu during the founding period, and Sima Rui, the founding monarch of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but both fell into a coma in the second half of their careers, and Sima Yan built a lot of civil engineering, insisting on establishing the intellectually deficient Jin Hui Emperor Sima Zheng as the crown prince, while the weak Sima Rui was gradually emptied by Wang and other ancestors, which also laid the foundation for the chaos later
The Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms after the Rebellion of the Eight Kings can be said to be the darkest period in the past history, according to the survey of the Chinese Oral History, the population of 35 million in the early Western Jin Dynasty was sharply reduced to the level of tens of millions after a hundred years, and at this point, the Western Jin Dynasty royal family was obviously to blame.
We can make a comparison between the Western Jin Dynasty and Cao Wei, there are similarities between the two, but there is also a world of difference between them, Cao Dynasty Han, basically did not have any bloody struggle, and under the rule of Cao Pi and Cao Rui two generations of monarchs, the Wei state cultivation, population and ecology, gradually restored to the appearance of the Eastern Han Dynasty, including the Han Xiandi, most of the Liu surname clan and the han dynasty's old ministers were preserved.
However, during Sima Shi's reign, Cao Wei's imperial court was slaughtered in large numbers, and several puppet Tianzi of the State of Wei also had a tragic fate, and Sima Shi was never soft on the old party of the Wei Dynasty.
In the Gaopingling Rebellion launched by Sima Yi in 249, more than 5,000 civil and military officials were killed, of which more than a dozen were exterminated, and Sima Yi even broke his promise, did not give the surrendered Cao Shuang a way to live, and it did not take long to eliminate his three tribes on the charge of treason.
The Wei general Zhuge Shi was killed after his defeat because of his rebellion against Sima Zhao, and was wiped out of the three tribes, and zhuge liang, Zhuge Jin and other celebrities such as Zhuge Liang were born successively, and from then on, they were devastated and withdrew from the stage of history.
After the Sima family ascended to the throne, the whole country also fell into white terror, and during the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, stories of brothers killing each other and the killing of the warriors were more common, and the Guangling scattered author Ji Kang, even if there were 3,000 students who petitioned, were subsequently killed by Sima Ying, the emperor Taiji. Pan Yue, Shi Chong, and other cultural figures at that time died in the turmoil.
In terms of externality, due to the lack of labor in the Central Plains, the Jin Dynasty forced a large number of small ethnic groups to move inland, "serving and serving, the same as the household", but adopted a very harsh treatment policy, resulting in many people being "resentful of the Jin Dynasty, poisoned in the bone marrow", thus laying the groundwork for the subsequent invasion of foreign nationalities, during which there was the figure of Liu Yuan, a Xiongnu who had served as a slave, and as the Emperor of Han Zhao, he single-handedly sent the Western Jin Dynasty to the end.
Partial in foreign warfare, the combat effectiveness of the Jin Dynasty, is also extremely poor, although the number of military governments commanded the troops, reaching more than 300,000 people, not counting the Chinese army, but in front of the foreign tribes is about to collapse, even in the case of the danger of national subjugation, the various nobles within the Jin Dynasty, is still deceitful, in 310, the Xiongnu king Liu Cong dispatched 40,000 soldiers to attack the Jin capital Luoyang, Jiangdong Sima Rui and other clans across the shore to watch the fire, only the Zhendong general, the governor of Yangzhou military Zhou Fu intends to lead the army to rescue, As a result, Sima Yue, who controlled the government, was regarded as a conspiracy to commit misconduct, and actually ordered Pei Shuo, the Taishou of Huainan, to sneak attack Zhou Fu's support troops, which was a big surprise.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Gate Valve clan gradually controlled the government, and the political system became more rigid, "the upper product has no cold door, the lower product has no Shu clan", which has become the truest portrayal, in the face of the war in the Central Plains, a corner of peace, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which does not want to make progress, has been criticized by many people. When you see such a dynasty, will you be angry? Therefore, for the Sima family, the reason for the criticism is not that the country is not correct, but because there is no way to govern the country. Its demise is not regretted by anyone.