What are Qin people? In fact, it is not difficult to explain this problem; they are people who came to the East and are immigrants from Tianshui, Gansu Province today; in the process of herding horses, they provided the imperial court with a "sharp weapon" for war, and they also turned themselves into soldiers, who worked hard to govern, who were not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice, and who had a pioneering spirit; in the end, they were humble and humble, endured humiliation and burdens, recruited talents, changed the law and tried to become strong, enriched the country and strengthened the army, and dominated the world. Therefore, Qin people are a kind of code name at the same time, but also a process, and then become a kind of mind, a spirit, a kind of capital and symbol worth absorbing and showing off.
Let's start with a person who is the ancestor of the Qin people.
This person's name is Qin Feizi (?) –858 BC), courtesy name Qin, courtesy name Feizi, courtesy name Qin, after Boyi, was the fifth grandson of the Shang Dynasty's heavy vassal Evil Lai, the founding monarch of the Zhou Dynasty princely state of Qin, and a native of The Western Zhou Dynasty. Although there are many historical accounts of the location of InuYasha, today's archaeology proves that Inuyasha is located in Dongmafang Village, Gaoqiao Subdistrict, Chang'an District, Xi'an.
Evil Lai was known for his bravery and was a favored minister of the King of Shang. He was the fifth ancestor of Qin Feizi and the 35th ancestor of Qin Shi Huang. His descendants were punished by Zhou Gongjidan for making mistakes in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and were demoted to civilians. Qin Feizi grew up in the village in Xi'an, his surname is Yin, and this surname preserves his earliest information about the way - the Yingwen River, the northern branch of the three major sources of the Dawen River, flowing through Jinan City and Tai'an City, where Qin Feizi's hometown is about there. His ancestors were descendants of the ancient tribal leader Huan Huan, and when he arrived in Boyi, he was given the surname of Emperor Shun because he assisted Emperor Shun in taming many birds and beasts. Shao Hao was also born on the shores of the Yingshui River, and they were all "family", more scientifically speaking, should be a tribe.
When it comes from afar, it is always impossible to be idle, and people always have to have a hobby. Qin Feizi's hobby seems to us today, he likes to deal with livestock, especially horses, not only can feed them shiny, handsome and beautiful, but also allows horses to breed, which was a great skill at that time.
At this time, Qin Feizi was already of mixed race, and in our current words, it could basically be called a model of national integration. Qin Feizi's father was named Da Luo, and he was of mixed blood. At that time, King Xiao of Zhou ascended the throne with his own ability and became the monarch of the Zhou Dynasty. As for him, he did not forget that his country was threatened and insulted by the invasion of Inuyasha, and he wanted to fight after taking power. Subsequently, he found Shen Hou, the ruler of the State of Shen (江; pinyin: 江; pinyin: 江; pinyin: 江; pinyin: present-day northwestern Tanghe County, Henan), and asked Him to lead an army to conquer Inuyasha in the west.
However, Shen Hou did not want to fight, he said, fight around, fight what, who wins the sin is not the common people. Therefore, he advised King Xiao of Zhou to say: "Once upon a time, my ancestors married the daughter of the Lishan clan, gave birth to a daughter, married Xu Xuan of Xirong, and later gave birth to a son named Zhongzhuo. Zhongzhuo submitted to the Zhou Dynasty because of his mother, leaving the western border of the Zhou Dynasty inviolable. Now I marry my daughter to Zhongxiao's descendant, Da Luo, and give birth to a concubine. If the great king can guarantee that my grandson will inherit the throne of Da Luo, the Shen and Hu clans can ensure that the Xirong people will be obeyed, and the western border of Western Zhou will always be peaceful. ”
Shen Hou preferred to marry a daughter rather than fight a war, because his ancestors had a precedent of successful marriage, and he exchanged the terms of his grandson's succession to the throne in exchange for peace on the border. Da Luo is Qin Feizi's father, and in this passage of Shen Hou's words, it is not difficult for people to see the degree of mixed blood of Da Luo. Shen Hou's daughter later became Qin Feizi's mother, and she also bore Qin Feizi a brother, Cheng.
Cheng did not leave much in history, but Qin Feizi developed because of his grandfather's advice. After his grandfather successfully defused the war on the border, the Zhou Dynasty opened horse farms in the border areas and raised their own horses, hoping to reduce their dependence on imported horses from Xirong. King Xiao of Zhou liked to run to these horse farms to inspect them when he was fine, but the progress of this work made him somewhat dissatisfied. Perhaps, some people today will say, isn't it just a horse that can make the king of a country so concerned? The fact is that horses have become an important strategic resource of the country at that time, and both sacrifice and farming require a large number of good and strong horses, and it is inseparable from fighting wars.
We play such an analogy, in today's weapons there is a same called tanks, horses, at that time it is equivalent to tanks, tanks in weapons known as the king of land warfare, horses of course have such a meaning. Therefore, the Zhou people's import of Xirong people and horses is equivalent to the modern import of advanced arms, and it costs a lot of silver. Once, King Xiao of Zhou came to inspect the horse farm again, and happened to run into Qin Feizi. King Xiao of Zhou asked, "How can this horse be raised well?" Qin Feizi, a well-known horse breeding master, replied like a stream.
King Xiao of Zhou was very happy after hearing this, and said: "In the past, Bo Yi was in charge of livestock for Emperor Shun, and the livestock were well bred. Therefore, he sealed the land and gave him the surname Officia. Now that his descendants are also raising horses for me, I will give him the land and make him a vassal state. From then on, Qin Feizi was granted a fief and became the first fief of the Qin State, known as Qin Wei. But his fiefdom was no more than fifty miles of "vassals", that is, a small horse farm, neither a prince, nor a secretary or a doctor.
Everything was done. Whether it is ancient or modern, we must believe this sentence.
Qin Feizi was named a "Bow Ma Wen" by King Xiao of Zhou, but he was not as proud as Sun Wukong in "Journey to the West", and he thought of only 1 word: dry! Within three years, his horses flourished and were continuously supplied to the imperial court, becoming an inseparable "arms supplier" or "military manufacturing plant" that the imperial court could not do without. His fiefdom was in Qingshui County, a county under the jurisdiction of present-day Tianshui City, Gansu Province, between Fengshui and Weishui. The Fan River is today's Qianhe River, one of the larger tributaries on the left bank of the Wei River, originating from the south side of Shizuiliang on the southern slope of Liupan Mountain (one said Zhangjiachuan County, one said Huating County), and joined the Wei River at Didian in Chencang District, Shaanxi Province.
The ancient name of Qingshui is Shangyi, named after the "Four Notes of Qingquan", which is the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of Chinese humanities, and the birthplace of Qin's unification of China. Today, in the relevant historical materials of Qingshui, you can still read such a sentence: During the time of King Xiao of Zhou, the leader of the Ying clan, Feizi, was made a vassal, and the Qin people began to operate in the territory. Although the sealing area was less than 50 miles, Qin Feizi and his descendants had to inherit this cause from generation to generation. More importantly, as wranglers, they have herded mountains and rivers in their hearts because of their horses, or because of their horses, they have mountains and rivers in their hearts.
Here, we'll take a detour to talk about a detail. Located in Xiaolongshan Forest District, Dangchuan Township, Maiji District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, FangmaTan is an open area in the middle of the Qinling Mountains, which is part of the Shimen Scenic Area of Gansu Tianshui Maijishan Scenic Area, only 20 kilometers away from the famous Maijishan Grottoes. This place is not very far from today's Qingshui County, legend has it that Qin Feizi was named for the Zhou royal family's horse herding in this place, and a large number of important cultural relics such as wooden plank maps, bamboo janes, paper maps and other important cultural relics of the Warring States Qin and Han Dynasties unearthed in the last century were praised by archaeologists as the holy land of pre-Qin archaeological culture, and were known as "Tianshui Put Horse Beach, Cloud Dream Sleeping Tiger Land".
Why do you call this place that? It is because the world's earliest physical map, the Qin State Wooden Plank Map, has been unearthed here. At that time, it appeared in the tomb numbered M1 Qin, although it has experienced more than 2,000 years of time, but because of the thick wooden planks, it is basically well preserved. There are 7 maps in total, 6 of which are finished and 1 of which are semi-finished, distributed across 4 wooden boards of essentially the same size. After the dehydration treatment of archaeologists, their handwriting, lines and veins are clear.
On these maps, there are not only mountains, rivers, settlements, and cities, but also special notes on the distance between the various places, which are mostly consistent with the distances today, so it can be seen that these maps are fairly accurate actual measurement maps. Most surprisingly, in the fifth figure, where there is little valid information, there is a method of drawing peaks with closed curves, very similar to the contours of later generations.
In fact, it is the mountains and rivers in the hearts of the Qin people, and it is precisely this mountain and river that has become the testimony of the Qin people being excellent soldiers -- there are mountains and rivers in the hearts of soldiers, and soldiers without mountains and rivers in their hearts may only slaughter barbarically. The map allows people to see the transformation of the Qin people from "military manufacturing plant" employees to real soldiers.
According to the information provided by the Tomb Master, archaeologists believe that the owner of the tomb is named Dan, who was the cartographer, who died in 299 BC, and the map was drawn around 320 BC. This time period is more than 500 years away from 858 BC, the year of Qin Feizi's death, but it is very easy to recall Mencius's words - in five hundred years there will be a king. In the past 500 years, there are not only historical tribulations, but also the character cultivation of the Qin people.
Around 320 BC, with 325 BC, King Huiwen of Qin proclaimed himself the King of Qin and became the first king of the Qin State, and in 316 BC, Qin destroyed Shu, and officially became a great power, basically in the same period; from 247 BC BC, Qin Yingzheng succeeded to the throne and began to annex the Six Kingdoms, and from 230 BC when Qin destroyed Korea, to 221 BC Qin destroyed the State of Qi and unified China, a full century ago. This century is the ultimate ambition of the Qin people on the map, the sleeping tiger is awake, the cloud dream is realized, how can the map still be carved on the wooden board lines and handwriting?
Horses or herding horses have become a culture here, Jia Yi in the "Theory of Passing the Qin", the historical facts of the Qin people's domination of the world are likened to "Zhen Chang Ce and Yu Yu Nei", the strategy refers to the horse whip, the royal finger drives, and the connection is the meaning of "ruling the world like a long whip to drive the carriage", but this is not "over", the dragon horse spirit pulled out by the horse. The Ryoma refers to the legendary horse, and the spirit of the Ryoma is the spirit of the Ryoma. At that time, it was the spirit of the wrangler who had mountains and rivers in his heart.
After Qin Feizi there was the Marquis of Qin, after the Marquis of Qin was the Duke of Qin, and after the Duke of Qin was Qin Zhong... At this time, the life of the Wrangler seemed unstable. In 842 BC, due to the cruelty of King Li of Zhou, which triggered a rebellion among the people and princes, the Xirong people took the opportunity to invade the Zhou Dynasty, looted and plundered, and even entered Inuqiu (in present-day Li County, Gansu Province) and killed the people of Qin Zhonggao's grandfather Da luo.
The battle began. In that year, King Xuan of Zhou appointed Qin Zhong as his doctor and sent Qin Zhong to lead an army to attack Xi rong. In 822 BC, Qin Zhong was defeated and killed in battle with Xi Rong, becoming the first monarch of the Qin state to die in battle. After his death, his eldest son Duke Zhuang of Qin succeeded to the throne, defeated Xi Rong, and was rewarded by the Zhou Dynasty, not only receiving the land of the ancestral Dog Hill, but also being named the Grand Master of Xi Chui. During the reign of Qin Zhong, the Qin state began to gradually become stronger by receiving chariots and horses, ritual music, and courtiers, but the Qin people did not forget the battle because of this, so it was not so much the strength of the Qin state as the growth of the Qin state in battle.
The eldest son of duke Zhuang of Qin was named Shi Father, and he said, "If I kill my eldest father Zhong, I will not dare to enter Yi unless I kill the King of Rong!" "It means that Xi Rong killed my grandfather Qin Zhong, and if I don't kill king Rong, how dare I live idly in the city and enjoy it?" He led an army to attack Xi Rong and ceded the position of crown prince to his younger brother Duke Xiang of Qin. After Duke Xiang of Qin ascended the throne, in order to divide the Rong people, he married his sister Miao Wei to The Rong Ren Feng Wang as his wife. It was a relatively successful marriage, in exchange for a short period of peace, but also for the return of his brother Shi father, who was captured for his expedition to Xijong.
Qin Xianggong understood that if the Qin state wanted to exist, it must fight with Xi Rong for a long time, constantly strengthen itself, and expand its territory. The brief peace led him to try to move eastward, moving the capital to Fengyi (汧邑; present-day Long County, Shaanxi).
At this time, the Zhou Dynasty was already weakening in the western mountains, in order to escape the disaster of the dog, the capital moved east to Luoyi, and the Duke of Qin Xiang saved Zhou with soldiers, and because of his meritorious escort, he was named a prince. Zhou Tianzi gave the Qishan a belt to the Qin people, and the Qin people established the country from then on, and began to enjoy the same status as the States of Qi, Jin, and Zheng, and the Duke of Qin Xiang became the first monarch of the Qin State to be officially listed as a prince during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The Zhou people originated in Shanxi, then reached Guanzhong, traveled south from Qingyang to Bin County, Qishan, and then east to Fenghao near Xi'an, then destroyed the merchants and expanded their sphere of influence to the coast of the East China Sea. Therefore, Qingyang, Binxian, Qishan and other places became the birthplace of the Zhou people, and the Zhou Kingdom was also called Qizhou. At that time, Zhou Tianzi said to Qin Xianggong: "Inuyasha is fierce and vicious, and has taken away all the places where we made our fortune, as long as you take away xirong in Qishan, the land there will belong to you!" Although the received fiefdom was on the territory of the "enemy", Qin Xianggong was still very happy, and the "History of history, volume 5, Qin Benji Fifth" said: "With the oath, knighted." Xiang Gong was the founder of the kingdom, and the courtesy of the envoys with the princes was to worship the god Xi Qi with three colts, three cattle, and three sheep. ”
This means that Zhou Tianzi and Qin Xianggong made an oath of alliance, and qin Xianggong sent envoys to give gifts to Qi, Jin, Zheng and other states, while passing on the news that he was the same and equal as them, and also thanked the heavens for their gifts with the big gifts of mules, yellow cattle, and sheep to celebrate the official establishment of the Qin state. However, Qin Xianggong looked at the existence of the fiefdom and could not get it. The battle began again, and Qin Xianggong was not satisfied, and launched an attack for many years, but the result ended in the defeat of the Qin state. Once, Qin Xianggong finally attacked his own fief qishan, but before he could stand on his feet, Xi Rong killed him and could only retreat to his hometown of "Xi Chui".
Eventually, Duke Xiang of Qin died on the way to the crusade against Xi Rong, and his son Duke Wen of Qin succeeded to the throne and continued the battle against Xi Rong.
Successive servants, generation after generation, the Qin people defeated Xi Rong in these battles and strengthened themselves, supporting it not by simple revenge, but by the feelings and beliefs of PUBG soldiers. The Russian writer Chernyshevsky said that the road of history is not a sidewalk on Nevsky Prospekt, it is entirely in the fields, sometimes through dust, sometimes through mud, sometimes across swamps, sometimes through jungles. What we want to say is that in the mud, swamps, and jungles, there are Qin people fighting, and even the dust of history falling on them will give people a bloody touch.
From 822 BC when Qin Zhong died in battle with Xi Rong, to 623 BC when the Qin army went out to attack Xi Rong, with lightning speed, more than twenty small rong di states were submitted one after another, that is, "merging the country for twenty, opening up thousands of miles of land, and dominating Xi Rong", the war between the Qin people and Xi Rong lasted almost two hundred years. This is permeated with the stoic and indomitable spirit of the Qin people, and the blood and sacrifice have allowed them to transform their roles into professional soldiers.
The Qin people, who grew up in this situation, were ostracized by the princes of the Central Plains because of the national integration in the long-term battle, infected with the "Yi customs" of Xi Rong. The princes of various countries generally did not invite the State of Qin, and the State of Qin was still a country that was not valued by other countries. Others do not pay attention to it, they have to pay attention to themselves, so the qin state's transformation and efforts to strengthen the law began, and finally let itself be presented in the long river of history with great momentum and might.
Today, many Shaanxi and Gansu people, and even Ningxia and Xinjiang people regard themselves as Qin people, and some old Xi'an people call themselves old Qin people. In some foreign historical books, Chinese known as the Qin people, "cina", and eventually developed into China, not only the name of the Qin people, but also more from the spirit of the Qin people. Therefore, Qin has become the China in the historical records, and the spirit of the Qin people is the spirit of Chinese.
(The picture in this article is the Qin Terracotta Warriors, from the Network, thanks to the original author)