Zhuge Liang, the first strategist of the Three Kingdoms period. He is one of the best experts in terms of wisdom, command, and military, and almost no one can match him. This is why Liu Bei has great trust in him. It is a pity that such a resourceful person chose to assist Liu Chan, who was not a climate, to fight the world in order to fulfill Liu Bei's last wishes for the Northern Expedition.
In ten years, he led Shu Han liu out of Qishan and exhausted his life's energy. At the time of the Sixth Northern Expedition, the Shu state burned the upper valley but unfortunately encountered heavy rain, which made the war lose all its achievements. Zhuge Liang, who was already physically and mentally exhausted, finally fell ill after this blow.
In August of the twelfth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan at the age of fifty-four. Even when Zhuge Liang was critically ill, he also left a will to keep his affairs behind him a secret, and he could also stage a drama of "dead Zhuge scared away the living Zhongda". It can be said that Zhuge Liang was thinking about Shu Han before and after his death, and he was equivalent to dying on the battlefield alive.
But such a shrewd man should have anticipated the outcome from the very beginning of the war, and would not have put himself in an awkward position. How could it be that in the end, the house leaked overnight and it rained, not only did it not help Shu Han to lay down the country, but it caused him to lose his life?
In fact, we must analyze the reasons for this. Our Chairman Mao has long studied us thoroughly, and he, who is familiar with the history of the Three Kingdoms, immediately pointed out the three major mistakes in Zhuge Liang's behavior, which were also the main reasons for his failure.
Wrong people
One is the mistake of employing people. Although Zhuge Liang was scheming, he was not good at dispatching troops. For example, Zhuge Liang had a horse who had followed him for many years. Ma Mo's small talent made Zhuge Liang have a heart, but Zhuge Liang always ignored his personality because of his talent.
In the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to the State of Wei, who had the intention of promoting Ma Mo, let Ma Mo garrison the street pavilion, the place where Shu Wei must fight, but who knew that this Ma Mo was arrogant and arrogant, so high and far away, and eventually led to the loss of the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang had to use "tears to cut off horses" to stabilize the government and the opposition.
If it is only Ma Mo, it is not enough, and Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to cause "careless loss of Jingzhou". Although Guan Yu was a general of the Shu Kingdom, he did not need to question his ability to conquer the battlefield. But in the later stages, he made the same mistake as Ma Mo, arrogant and arrogant, and had no one in sight.
Although Zhuge Liang intended to unite with Wu against Wei, Guan Yu did not think so. From the bottom of his heart, he looked down on Wu Guo, believing that Wu Guo's military strength could not be compared with his own, and it was precisely because of his arbitrariness that the Shu State lost a comrade-in-arms and an enemy.
As a result, during Jian'an's twenty-four years of Guan Yu's defense of Jingzhou, he was busy sending troops to attack Cao Cao, but he did not want to be taken advantage of by Sun Quan of the State of Wu to sneak into Jingzhou. Guan Yu was attacked by the enemy in the abdomen and did not choose a way to go back to extinguish the fire, but unexpectedly the soldiers were defeated here, and Guan Yu was captured and killed. A generation of famous generals fell into this fate, and I don't know whether it was Guan Yu's mistake or Zhuge Liang's disappointment.
But it has to be said that this has a clear relationship with Zhuge Liangbu's mistake, knowing that Guan Yu was a belligerent attacker, Zhuge Liang should not have left Guan Yu stationed in Jingzhou from the beginning. Then there will be no subsequent tragedies.
Manage issues
The second is that there is a problem with Zhuge Liang's management mechanism. The Shu kingdom has hundreds of thousands of troops, and there are not a few elite generals, and they have experienced many battles of all sizes.
Liu Chan's unreliability caused the Shu state to place a heavy burden on a military master, Zhuge Liang. According to his age and seniority in ancient times, Zhuge Liang was already a late old man, but he still had to go to the front line to do the work of united front command. It was too hard for him.
But even so, Zhuge Liang still failed to distinguish between the main and the secondary, which battles required his personal supervision, and which could be authorized to subordinates. If these battles could be clearly distinguished in turn whether they were important or not, Zhuge Liang would have been able to do more with less, instead of exhausting himself alive and not seeing the effect.
For example, in the above-mentioned battle of the street pavilion, since the location of the street kiosk is so important, Zhuge Liang should personally guard it, rather than handing it over to a very unreliable young man to be responsible. This is not, in the end, it can only make Zhuge Liang suffer the evil consequences. However, after the Battle of Jieting, Zhuge Liang also realized his mistake, and he would personally follow him whenever he went to war in the future to ensure the smooth progress of the battle.
But then he made the mistake of being overly nervous. Perennially following the large army to the south and the north, Zhuge Liang suffered from stomach ulcers and other problems, ancient medicine was not developed, plus Zhuge Liang tightened his spirit day by day. Such a day-to-day life made his body unable to eat at all.
Legend has it that in the end, Zhuge Liang only ate dou rice and drank some rice soup every day. However, the affairs of the army, large and small, depended on him personally, and even his old rival Sima Yi said that he was afraid that time was running out of time for him to live like this. Sure enough, not long after, the Shu army once again fell into the crisis of military defeat, and Zhuge Liang fell down in a hurry, and finally died of exhaustion.
The idea is naïve
The last point is that Chairman Mao directly pointed out Zhuge Liang's military mistakes. Although Zhuge Liang was shrewd all his life, he also had many immature ideas, which were very unfavorable to the deployment of the Shu state.
In particular, Zhuge Liang once said in the "Longzhong Pair": "When the world changes, then order the army of Jingzhou to be Xiangwan and Luo, and the general to lead the people of Yizhou out of Qinchuan, and the people dare not eat pot pulp to welcome the general." ”
The background of this sentence is that Zhuge Liang wanted to send troops from Xichuan and Jingzhou in two ways, led by Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhuge Liang to attack Eastern Wu, Jingzhou, and Qimen, and finally bring them together. If such a front could be made, Zhuge Liang would be very proud. Otherwise, he would not have imagined that after the successful siege of the city, the people would surely welcome him.
But the fantasy is beautiful, the reality is cruel. Zhuge Liang's layout seems very reasonable, but under the details, it will be found that his Three Kingdoms before a thousand years ago were impossible to achieve.
The first problem is, how to ensure that the communication and contact between the three teams of people and horses is timely and accurate with such a long front? You must know that there were no telephones and telegrams in that era, and if you only relied on flying pigeons to send letters or run errands by manpower, the war report information may not be able to be delivered on time.
Moreover, the battle line is so long, without understanding the local environment and terrain, it is almost more difficult to capture the city than to ascend to the sky. And once one of the teams is under siege, it is impossible to seek the support of the other two teams thousands of miles away. How can Zhuge Liang be sure that the three teams of people and horses can go all the way smoothly, and all battles can be undefeated?
In addition, the three teams have gone so far, how to deal with and distribute logistical supplies. Along the way to the north, climate, food or water and soil are all issues that the Shu kingdom needs to consider. In the absence of transport facilities and infrastructure, how can we ensure the timely arrival of grain, grass and weapons?
Finally, there is the question of people. The so-called people's welcome is simply nonsense, the Shu state has never been stationed in the Central Plains, nor has it dealt with the people in the Central Plains or done propaganda.
So why did Zhuge Liang think that as long as he entered the Central Plains, the local people would welcome his arrival? I was afraid that Liu Bei would sit on the throne of the founding emperor who unified the country, and he would not be able to win the hearts and minds of all the people. It can only be said that Zhuge Liang's plans are too naïve to be realized.
brief summary:
All of the above is Chairman Mao summing up for us what he sees as Zhuge Liang. It seems that Zhuge Liang, who can be regarded as a "great god" in the history books, is just an ordinary strategist. He doesn't look at things from a long-term perspective, and many of his ideas are too simple. Coupled with the fact that he does not have a think tank around him that can be discussed, the leader of the later period is a "Ah Dou" who cannot be supported.
All kinds of indications show that in such a situation, coupled with a mature mind, he will only make him more and more tired, and the burden on his body will become heavier and heavier. The demise of the Shu kingdom is also a matter of time.
Of course, Zhuge Liang is only a character from a thousand years ago, and you can't expect him to have the complex eyes and thoughts of modern people to look at things. But his story can give us a lot of inspiration.
Just like our Chairman Mao, he is a veteran history fan and a fan of ancient martial arts, and in the era of marching and fighting, he relied on the study of these ancient tactics, and then integrated the actual situation to structure a unique set of "Mao's Art of War".
This is why Chairman Mao, who obviously did not go to military school, but was able to command tactics and win many battles. Most likely all came from the ancient Chinese martial arts god assist.
The depth of love, the depth of responsibility. It was precisely because of his admiration for the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang that he could see Zhuge Liang's shortcomings and wrong ways. Zhuge Liang's mistake is a lesson from his past, and Zhuge Liang's clever calculation is the source of his reference. It was some of the inspiration Zhuge Liang gave him that would allow him to achieve the victory of new China.