Tianjin, referred to as "Tianjin", also known as Jingu and Jingmen, is a provincial-level administrative region, municipality directly under the central government, national central city, megacity of the People's Republic of China, the economic center of the Bohai Rim region, the Asia-Pacific regional marine instrument testing and evaluation center, and an international comprehensive transportation hub.
Urumqi, commonly known as Wushi, formerly known as Dihua, is the capital of China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, an important central city in northwest China and an international commercial and trade center facing Central Asia and West Asia approved by the State Council.
In the vast land of the motherland, Tianjin and Urumqi are more than 2,000 kilometers apart, but in the long river of history, they have a blood connection.
Yangliuqing Town
Yangliuqing Town, which belongs to Xiqing District of Tianjin, is the seat of Xiqing District Government and the political, economic and cultural center of Xiqing District. Located in Gyeonggi Yaochong, located in the west of Jincheng, east of Zhongbei Town, Xiyingmen Street, west of Zhangjiawo Town, southwest of Xinkou Town, northwest of Wuqing District, north of Beichen District. It is the largest township in Tianjin and bohai rim economic zone.
Yangliuqing Town has a long history and profound cultural heritage. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was an important hub for canal transportation, and became a distribution center for commercial circulation and cultural exchanges in northern China, with commercial prosperity, and was known as the small Jiangnan of the northern country and the small Yangzhou of Gushang. Yangliuqing Town used to have opera buildings, archways, and Wenchang Pavilion, known as the Three Treasures of Yangliuqing. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 40 famous Chongwen Academies and ancient monasteries in Jinmen, and there are still puliang pagodas, Bao'en Temple, and Baitan Temple ruins. There are many historical and cultural relics in Yangliuqing Town, including the Wenchang Pavilion built in the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1576), which is the best-preserved Ming Dynasty pavilion building in China. An Wenzhong, the first person in the Yangliuqing people to catch the camp, built the Anjia compound 130 years ago and other famous.
Urumqi "Great Cross"
In the urban area of Urumqi, the most prosperous place was once called the "Great Cross". It is located at the intersection of Zhongshan Road and Jiefang North Road. Once upon a time, there was a round flyover built in 1997, which is a good memory of the people of Urumqi. Although the Yuanxing Overpass was demolished in 2020, it has been soaked in the pride of the city's prosperity in the memory of Urumqi people - when guests from the mainland came and wanted to visit Urumqi, they would excitedly take guests to the Great Cross, because, in their feelings, the Great Cross seemed to have always been the most prosperous place in Urumqi, and it was also the most representative of Urumqi as a city.
The Circular Bridge only existed for 23 years in the history of Urumqi City, but the Great Cross existed before Urumqi was called Urumqi, a real existence. In the memory of some elderly Urumqi people, the big cross also has "front street" and "back street", whether it is "front street" or "back street", there are some Tianjin people's high-gate compounds, which is like all cities, as one of the earliest rural sounds of Urumqi, an immigrant city.
History in this township has given the Great Cross a few words of the written memory - after the completion of the original Dihua City in the twenty-eighth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1763), the number of shops around the Great Cross has increased day by day, the traffic is convenient, the residents are dense, and the shops are concentrated, and it has become one of the most prosperous downtown areas in Urumqi. Behind this is a history of the alternation of the names of Urumqi and Dihua:
During the Qianlong period, in the correspondence of some high-ranking officials, the present-day Urumqi was called Urumqi. In 1755 (the twentieth year of Qianlong), at the end of the pacification of the Dzungar Khanate, Urumqi began large-scale development. Urumqi built an earthen garrison, the Qing government encouraged reclamation, reduced grain endowments, Urumqi agriculture, commerce, handicrafts once had a relatively rapid development, became a "prosperous and rich, A outside the Guanwai" place. At that time, in order to completely quell the Dzungar rebellion (which was finally quelled in 1757), the Qing government built a fortress in the area of jiujiawan in present-day Urumqi and named the area "Urumqi".
In 1758 (the twenty-third year of Qianlong), in order to meet the needs of population growth, reclamation and commercial trade, the Qing army built an earthen city outside the present-day South Gate, which was "five minutes in Monday and two feet high", which was the prototype of the Urumqi city. In 1763, the old tucheng was expanded northward, reaching a circumference of five miles and four minutes. However, when it was completed, the Qianlong Emperor named the expanded city "Dihua".
Dihua means "enlightened indoctrination". Qianlong hoped to use this name to maintain the rule of the Qing court, implying that he would "enlighten the customs of civilization" to the local people, hoping that they would henceforth have the heart of respecting the king and obeying the heart of kingization, morality, and enlightenment. Dihua's name was not changed back to Urumqi until February 1, 1954.
The Tianjin township sound coming from the Gaomen compound of the Great Cross is related to Zuo Zongtang and Yang Liuqingren.
In 1865 (the fourth year of Tongzhi), Agubai invaded Xinjiang and later established the "Zhedeshar Khanate", occupying most of Xinjiang. In 1871 (ten years of Tongzhi), Tsarist Russia invaded and occupied Ili in Xinjiang. After a dispute over coastal defense, in 1875 (the first year of Guangxu), Zuo Zongtang was appointed minister of Chincha to supervise the military affairs of Xinjiang. He put forward the principles of "slowly advancing in a rapid war" and "first going north and then going south," and made full preparations.
In April 1876 (the second year of Guangxu), the Qing army swore an oath in Suzhou (now Jiuquan), and the general of the Xiang Army, Premier Liu Jintang, conducted camp operations, led the army into Xinjiang, and soon received the old pasture land, Urumqi, Manas and other places. In April 1877 (the third year of Guangxu), the Qing army marched into southern Xinjiang in three ways, and within half a month, the three cities of Daban, Toxun and Turpan were connected, and the gateway to southern Xinjiang was opened. In May, Agubai died violently. From October onwards, the Qing army first recaptured the four cities in the eastern part of southern Xinjiang, and then took advantage of the internal turmoil of the enemy to rush into the western four cities, and the son of Agubai, Burke Huri, fled into Russia with the remnants. On January 2, 1878 (November 29, the third year of Guangxu), the Qing army recaptured Hotan and won the final victory in the battle to retake Xinjiang.
Before the reconquest of Xinjiang, Zuo Zongtang was in his military camp, and An Wenzhong, mentioned above, was in his military camp.
Settle the family compound
An Wenzhong
An Wenzhong(安文忠), also spelled Xingchen (荩臣), was born in the second year of Qing Xianfeng (1852) in a family of shipwrights, with four brothers, and he was the eldest son. Because of the compulsion of life, he only read for 1 year, and at the age of 14, he became a boatman with his father, and later, he went to Shaanxi to pull fibers. In the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), Zuo Zongtang requisitioned large ships in various places in Baoding and hired boatmen.
After that, An Wenzhong became a person who accompanied the army, or a migrant worker in the army, and he followed the army wherever it went. This process allowed him to quickly discover business opportunities - wherever the army went, all kinds of daily necessities were scarce, and the money of the soldiers could not be spent. So, he thought, if you follow the army to do business, you will definitely make a lot of money. When all was said and done, he bought a pair of baskets, bought small daily necessities, and started a business with the army. After 3 years, I earned 300 taels of silver!
With these silver, An Wenzhong returned to Yang Liuqing in a beautiful way, and for a time he became a household name, and was called "An Da Qian" by some people. At that time, Yang Liuqing was constantly attacked by soldiers, coupled with drought and floods and locust plagues, the people were not happy, and the news that An Wenzhong had made a lot of money with the army quickly stirred people's nerves, which made him a model for Yang Liuqing to do business with the army later, and the historical "catching up with the big camp" was also called out at this time.
The "big camp" is where the army is stationed. "Hurrying" means rushing and going. "Catching up with the big camp" means going to the army station. At that time, the group of "catching up with the big camp" was close to the army, and not only would it not be cleared and suppressed, but it would also be welcomed. Why? This is because the groups of "big camps" directly or indirectly bear the logistical supply of the army.
Today's scholars give this description of the historical event of "catching up with the big camp": commerce has played a very important role in stabilizing the economic order, the circulation of commodities, and consolidating the rule, while China's "male and female weaving" self-sufficient agricultural economy has limited the development of the commodity economy to a certain extent, and shrewd businessmen will look to the army. "Catching up with the big camp" has occurred in all dynasties and dynasties, and does not refer specifically to a military struggle. In the wars of our country's history, they were followed by a group of merchants, with few in the early stages, mainly indirect. After the Ming Dynasty, merchants were directly involved in the supply of troops.
For example, after the establishment of the Nine Border Towns of the Ming Dynasty, it was mainly Shaanxi merchants and Shanxi merchants who provided supplies to the army; it was Shanxi merchants who provided supplies to the Later Jin (Manchu) army; and the merchants who provided supplies in various periods of Tuobeiting were mainly from Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and other places. Shandong and other places of businessmen joined in.
With the call of An Wenzhong as a "role model", Yang Liuqing began to continuously join the group of "catching up with the big camp" and even became the main group in Zuo Zongtang's battle to retake Xinjiang. The historical record of An Wenzhong is as follows: In 1876, Liu Jintang led an army into Xinjiang, in order to solve the problem of military supplies in the Western Expedition army in Xinjiang, Zuo Zongtang decided to recruit merchants to sell with the army, issued merchants dragon pattern licenses, and incorporated them into army logistics and unified management. An Wenzhong joined in, and by 1877, Zuo Zongtang defeated Agubai, and in 1881 Ili regained and Xinjiang was once again incorporated into the embrace of the motherland, and his business had already done a great deal - at that time, Ili had nine cities, and he entered Suiding in Yili with General Jin Shun from Dihua, set up a store department in the city, hung up the sign of "Wenfeng Taijing Goods Store", and soon entered Huiyuan (now part of Huocheng County), Ningyuan (present-day Yining), and set up a main store in Ningyuan.
In 1884, Xinjiang was established as a province, and the provincial capital was set at Dihua. An Wenzhong helped Liu Jintang, the first governor of Xinjiang, to handle the salary, and used the imperial court to allocate silver and silver from various places to buy goods on the spot and transport them to Xinjiang for sale, which not only solved the problem of supply of the army, but also made a contribution to the construction and development of Xinjiang, and was awarded the official title of "General Office of the Bureau of Official Money". At this time, he founded the "Wenfeng Taijing Goods Store" which was already rich in Xinjiang, known as "the first in Tianjin".
Behind An Wenzhong's success was a large number of Tianjin Yangliuqing people who "chased the big camp", and on March 2, 1881, the Shanghai "Declaration" reported on the Tianjin people's "catching up with the big camp" with the title of "Serving Jia Yuanfang", which said: "The Yangliuqing people in Tianjin have many people who transport goods to the Hami area to trade, commonly known as 'catching the big camp', that is, Zuo Hou (referring to Zuo Zongtang) garrison. After that, the major towns in Xinjiang gradually formed a situation of "three thousand goods full of heavenly mountains", and the merchant gangs dominated by the Yangliuqing people in Tianjin developed their own commercial and trade systems in Urumqi, Ili, Qitai, Manas, Tacheng, Kashgar, Hotan and other places, making their own contributions to the prosperity and stability of Xinjiang at that time. The High Gate Compound of the Tianjin people on the "Front Street" and "Back Street" of urumqi is the product of this time, and Urumqi was once called "Little Tianjin" and "Little Yang Liuqing" because of their rural sounds.
It is said that the Great Cross was originally called "Trading Street", and the reason why it was called the Great Cross was also because of An Wenzhong's initiative, because Dihua was the main traffic route to the north and south of Xinjiang, and the Yangliuqing people who entered the city were only stalls here at the earliest. After An Wenzhong arrived, he took the lead in building a warehouse here where goods could be stored, and called on everyone to build some simple houses here in order to do business together and take care of each other. In this way, the "trading street" quickly developed, not only attracting the first generation of "catching camps", but also allowing their descendants to settle down here.
Later historical development in addition to the commercial prosperity of the Great Cross, there is also an interesting "dialect island phenomenon", that is, the earliest inhabitants of the Great Cross are all Tianjin accents, and the descendants of "Catching up with the Big Camp" have as many as six or seven generations, they have long lived in a large number of Northwest Chinese and minority language environment, because of their superior cultural and economic position, always maintain the Yangliuqing dialect without being assimilated, becoming a unique scenery in the Urumqi dialect, and also becoming the historical memory of "Catching the Big Camp" in Xinjiang.
According to the research of Li Shiyu, a Tianjin dialect expert, Yang Liuqing's words belong to the Jinghai dialect. In history, there was Yang Liuqing first, and then there was Tianjin Wei, so the Yang Liuqing dialect is the real oldest Tianjin original dialect. Later, after Tianjin became a port, a large number of outsiders moved in, and the Wu people who engaged in military business became an important part of Tianjin's Wei population. In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang led the Fengyang troops to tun Jinghai, and the Yan King swept the north and other military activities. As a result, the Jianghuai dialect with a low flat tone became the lingua franca of Tianjin Wei, and the places around Tianjin Wei still retained the original dialect, mainly Yang Liuqing dialect, that is, Jinghai dialect, which formed the Tianjin dialect.
I don't know if this study or method is correct, but I know that it is closer to Tianjin and Urumqi, and even understand it this way - the earliest Tianjin people were Yangliuqing people, and Yangliuqing people opened up the earliest commercial areas in Urumqi. In this way, history has made the two cities have a further "blood relationship", which in turn has become the common memory of Tianjin and Xinjiang, and has made Tianjin and Xinjiang feel deep affection.
urumchi
The picture of this article comes from the Network, referring to the "Earliest Aiders to Xinjiang: The Western Qingyang Liuqing People who Rushed to the Camp", this history should be known! Wang Lide," "Xinjiang's "Yangliuqing Dialect Island Phenomenon" and other materials, thanks to the original author.