Ancient Vietnam and the Central Plains regime were very frequent, from the last year of Qin Shi Huang Zhao Tuo split the land of Baiyue, ancient Vietnam and China have always had a relationship between counties, clans and other regions. Although at some point in history the most favorable images of the ancient Vietnamese and Central Plains regimes also appeared, this phenomenon will basically be controlled in a short period of time and eventually suppressed. At the beginning of the 15th century, ancient Vietnam defeated the Ming Dynasty to gain independence, but this so-called independence actually had a clan relationship. The reason why the Ming Dynasty withdrew from ancient Vietnam, in addition to being related to the influence of external pressures at that time, was actually the most important reason for policy mistakes.
In 1407, the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Hu Dynasty of Vietnam, directly incorporated Vietnam into the jurisdiction of the Great King Dynasty, and established the Capital Protectorate in Vietnam so that Vietnam was only a county on the border of the Ming Dynasty. In 1418, Le Li organized an uprising to openly oppose Ming rule, and in 1428 AD, the Ming army completely withdrew from the border of Vietnam, which also ended the Ming Dynasty's rule in Vietnam in a realistic sense. After the ming dynasty defeated Vietnam, Le Li was called emperor, which is also the more famous post-Lê dynasty era in history. The Ming Dynasty's twenty years in Vietnam not only had a political, economic and military impact on Vietnam, but also had a cultural impact on Vietnam. The Ly family of the Later Lê Dynasty in Vietnam particularly advocated Confucianism, which was actually influenced by the former Dynasty of Vietnam.
Since the Beginning of the Han Dynasty, Vietnam has adopted Confucianism as the orthodox educational ideology of the royal family, and in order to better learn Confucianism, it has also opened a school dedicated to teaching Confucianism. Although these schools were only for the children of princes and nobles, the Vietnamese people also adopted the Confucian "gangchang ethics" as a specific criterion for people to behave in the world. However, due to the political turmoil in Vietnam and the frequent change of rulers, the development of Confucianism in the middle and late period of Vietnam was not particularly smooth. It was not until the post-Lê dynasty that Confucianism became popular in Vietnam. At the same time, from the rulers to the common people, from top to bottom, they began to study and apply it as orthodox thought.
The influence of Han Dynasty Confucianism on the development of Confucianism in Vietnam
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu was reused to open the prelude to the "deposing of hundreds of families and the exclusive respect of Confucianism". From this period onwards, Confucianism had actually begun to spread to Vietnam, because Vietnam, as a vassal state, continued to enter the Han Dynasty to pay tribute, and in the process brought the political system, economic development, culture and ideology of the Han Dynasty back to Vietnam. This has had a great impact on Vietnam's political development, economy and culture. After continuous integration, Confucianism eventually became the orthodox thinking of Vietnam. Both the ruling class and the common people take the Confucian requirements of governance as the standard for ruling and daily behavior.
However, due to vietnam's political, economic and cultural characteristics, the development of Confucianism in Vietnam has not been smooth. After the establishment of the Later Lê Dynasty, Confucianism began to be sincere, and the development of Confucianism in the Post-Lê Dynasty in Vietnam entered a fast-track period, mainly because Confucianism was fully in line with the ruling ideology of the rulers, and it was also a practical need for the social development of the Post-Lê Dynasty in Vietnam. From the perspective of social development, the feudal development of the Post-Li Dynasty at that time has reached a certain height, and the demand for culture is more urgent than before, which is actually the key factor in the vigorous development of Confucianism in the Later Li Dynasty, and this stage is actually the development period of Confucianism in the Later Li Dynasty.
The flourishing stage of Confucianism in the Later Li Dynasty
After the Ming Dynasty withdrew from Vietnam, due to the lack of time to take care of Vietnam for a while, and at this time Le Li had basically controlled the political situation in Vietnam, in this case, the Ming ruler judged the situation and crowned Li Li as the King of Annam. The Li Dynasty also began to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty. Although the tribute was only paid once every three years, the Vietnamese emissaries also had a better understanding of the Ming Dynasty in the process of tribute. This process was actually a key point in the influence of Confucianism in Vietnam, and the later Rulers made many contributions to the vigorous development of Confucianism in Vietnam during this period. Among them, Le Li vigorously built Confucian school buildings in Vietnam and asked teachers to teach Confucianism to the children of the nobility.
The later Li dynasty kings began to promote Confucianism by example, and at the same time allowed the children of the royal clan to receive Confucian education, and were able to actively combine Confucian theory with practice and apply it to the concept of governance. At this stage, The Confucianism of the Later Li Dynasty can be said to have reached its peak. Because the king advocated Confucianism, from the central to the local from the nobles to the commoners, a wave of learning Confucianism was set off. At this time, Vietnam also established an education system integrating official and private education. There is also a place worthy of everyone's attention, that is, Li Li stipulated that Confucianism should be used as the criterion for the examination and selection of officials, which was actually the main reason for the rapid development of Confucianism in the Later Li Dynasty, and this important decision played a vital role in the development of the Later Li Dynasty. The upper echelons of the Later Li Dynasty actively studied Confucianism, and the commoners in the lower and middle classes also began to realize the importance of Confucianism. This top-down Confucian movement gave the Later Li Dynasty a very solid talent reserve.
Post-Li Confucian influence
After the introduction of Chinese Confucianism to Vietnam, it was not until the post-Li Dynasty that the real climax of Confucianism was set off. Since Confucianism belongs to the governance of the central plains powers, it was combined with local cultural ideas after being introduced to Vietnam, which played a very important role in learning Confucianism and promoting Confucianism in Vietnam. From the metaphysical image of Confucianism to the ability of Vietnamese people to understand Confucianism and seriously study Confucianism, this process is actually the collision and integration of Central Plains culture and Vietnamese culture. Confucianism exists not only as a culture in Vietnam, but also as a stream of consciousness such as governing ideology and patriotic thought.
This practice could not only effectively guarantee the social stability of the post-Lê Dynasty, but also promote and improve the overall cultural level of society. The unification of the north and the south of the post-Li dynasty and the formation of the idea of national unity were crucial. Since then, Confucianism has taken root in Vietnam and has become the dominant ideology of the post-Lê dynasty from top to bottom. At that time, a large number of Confucians appeared in Vietnam, and through practical and easy to spread the perspective, they modified the Confucianism of the Central Plains according to the actual needs of the country, and the way to modify it was to simplify it. The "Essentials of The Little and Micro Tongjian Festival" and the "Outline of Sexual Theory" are books suitable for the Vietnamese people to read after taking the Chinese Confucian classics as the model and then simplifying them.
summary
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucianism and other schools formed a situation of controversy, but it was not incorporated into the dynastic rule as a guiding ideology by the rulers. It was not until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that "deposed hundreds of families and respected Confucianism alone" began, confucianism began to develop and sublimate as the orthodoxy of the feudal dynasty, and it continued to develop and sublimate in the great powers of the Central Plains.
Driven by the "tributary" policy of the Central Plains powers, Confucianism continued to enter Vietnam, Korea and other countries, especially in Vietnam and was practically applied and developed. But in a practical sense, Vietnamese Confucianism has a localized character, and this characteristic has had a very far-reaching impact on Vietnam itself. In addition to having a significant impact on culture, it also laid a strong foundation for the formation of Vietnam's diversified cultural pattern.
bibliography
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