▲Bo Wei HongYe Fu Shan
"Bowei Red Leaves" is one of the eight ancient scenery of Taiyuan
Fu shan
As a generation of Confucians in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,
Known by historians as "learning the sea",
It has long received the attention and research of future generations,
His posthumous writings have also been compiled by Ji You.
What is launched in this issue is,
Article written by Shanxi scholar Mr. Hao Yuecai:
Fu Shan's "Interpretation of Etiquette" has another sister article -
A confucian reflection and critique text deleted by the Frost Red Niches
It's in the text
In the newly discovered manuscript of the Fu Mei Miscellaneous Records,
Several articles that Fu Shan had not compiled were preserved.
▲ The same as it was when the "Fu Mei Miscellaneous Records" was discovered
As everyone knows, Mr. Fu Shan advocates the equality of the scriptures and the application of the scriptures to the world, and opposes the dogmatism, empty study style, portal disputes and hegemonic style of the "mud ancient", "righteous attack" and "blind edition" of science. However, the texts expressing this idea are relatively scattered, scattered in poems, books, miscellaneous notes, and many commentaries on the scriptures, and the more concentrated articles, namely the "Frost Red Niche Collection", are classified as the "Li Ben Congyu" section of the "Xue Xie", the "Li Xie" "Man Has a Father Died and Mourns the Destruction of the Tomb" section, and the subsequent versions of Liu Ben, Wang Ben, and Ding Ben have also been compiled from this.
In fact, Fu Shan's text on the "Etiquette" had another sister article, but under the pressure of the "word prison" at that time, it was deliberately deleted by the editors of the "Frost Red Niches". Fortunately, the newly discovered manuscript of the Fu Mei Miscellaneous Records has been preserved.
The author once wrote the article "Fu Shan Research Adds New Materials - Codex "Fu Mei Miscellaneous Records" Examination Strategy", which initially concluded that "Fu Mei Miscellaneous Records" was a manuscript transmitted by Fu Shan's fifth grandson Fu Luxun, and it was also an important base for Zhang Tingjian and Zhang Tingquan brother Jia Daojian to edit "Frost Red Niche Collection". In the manuscript, "Li Ben Congyu" and "People Have Fathers Die and Mourn the Tomb of Lu" and "Confucians Have Manchu Fan" are copied in turn, "Li Ben Congyu" is "learned from the understanding", and the last two are "ritual interpretation", but the "Confucian Has Manchu Fan" has another four words: "This article should be deleted".
Perhaps intimidated by the "prison of words", or perhaps because of the "lack of subtlety in language", "People Have Fathers Died and Mourn the Tomb of Lu" and "Li Ben Congyu" were included in the "Frost Red Niche Collection" and later "Frost Red Niche Collection" for the purpose of "Ritual Interpretation" and "Xue Xie", respectively, and "Confucian Master Fan" was eventually not included in the compilation, thus fading out of the world's attention.
The full text of the "Confucian Manchu Master" is hereby recorded (for the convenience of researchers, the text remains in its original state, and the font has not been simplified), and is made public:
Confucianism has a good gift for the Manchu Master, not a good birthday for the Confucian Ling, and the Manshi Clan is often ignorant of the saints, and is prepared for everything in the ceremony, in order to teach people to be respectful, and to be rude before and after (should be) rude, and to cover the Que Dianye.
Lang Ling Nai Bao Said: "Ancient Ancestors Dengqing Ceremony also." Manshi Fan said, "What is Qing?" "He who is pure, his words should be cleansed." The book of interpretation can still be described, and the original name of Yu Zhen is Great Suffering and Licorice Is also known. Manju: "Wow! What is deng? "Qing Yi Shou Tian, the origin of food, can not be □ (this word is long and unclear) is not to be, so the honor of the Yue Deng." Manju: "Wow! What about etiquette? "Whoever is clear will let go." Climb to Qingye, circumvent the rules, twist the middle moment, as for the Qing, you must give up three times and then climb up. It is a festival to praise the "Thatched Owl". Yue: "Oh, but also." Let whom? "There are teachers who let teachers, there are friends, and there are no teachers and no friends who make way for themselves." If you are hungry and see food, swallow it a little, and you must not let the food flow. "Oh shit! What is Slee? "Yi Li", "Zaizhi Yi Li", "Yi Li", "Yi Li Li Yi "Oh shit! ”
On Sunday, Manshi Fan went to the township community, and after getting drunk and full, he went to Qingqing as he was polite, and he could not swell. After asking the doctors, the doctors said: "Smelling vomit can cure the secret." "It's vomit. Vomiting, and the intestines are upside down, and the filth comes out of his mouth, and he dies. There is a question: "Bitter? "I die with courtesy, pure and sweet, not bitter." Nai Hu Qizi whispered, "But Qing can not be reed in." Lang Lingsheng heard this: "If you are a master of Mr. Fan, you can say that you are polite and live up to the qing." How many people in the world preach etiquette and live up to the purity? ”
The so-called ritualists of Fu Shi Confucian are only colors. As the saying goes, "Three colors dye big red." "Shi Ru for color, yao shun three points, also big red, down to the soup, three points of Congle, also big red, also big red, said: "With the way of the world also." "So there is the Confucian of Virtue. Ru of the fox, dog ru also. Dog Ru said, smell the plum, the plum, the plum is called the plum true also. Not only hanging the crown, but also quite a lot of books. The reckless lecturer saw it and was evil, so he did not pass it on.
Or to say simply, there is a saying: "The saint is not suitable for good, the discomfort is evil, and when it is evil, the evil of the saint, the evil saint, the saint does not quit." The lecturer said, "This is not a holy and chaotic world." Mr. Mei said: "The world cannot be cured in the end, and the saints have to be evil." Tang Wu is not prosperous, Tang Wu is not dead, Kun Wu, Wei Gu, Fei Lian, and evil will not be eliminated, tang Wu will not be restored? The good man of Kun Wu I yeah? Therefore, the Confucian honor saint also, the Wood Emperor saint also, its guardian saint also, the woman saint also, the sage without Jie (suspected to be knocking) saint also, the benevolent saint also, the child saint also, the sage's benevolence has unkind and uses it, so benevolence is not benevolent, not benevolent, not poor; unkind and benevolent, benevolent infinite. The secret of the good is also the secret of the evil, and the evil is also the blade of the good. It is said that the saints have good and no evil, then the heavens and the earth have yang and no yin, yin and yang are unpredictable, the saints are chaotic, yang is born yin to kill, yin is born and yang is killed. Anger is full of desire, full of purity is leaky, and saints kill impurities; Guo (should be Kou) is more expensive than Guye, fixed in the flaws of those who have no will, and saints kill. The lecturer said, "I am a saint, and a saint does not kill." Who does the Son think there are so-called saints to kill? Mr. Mei said, "Kill Ru Ru!" Kill Ruru! The lecturer said: "Confucians, the heart of the saints, also, the land of death." ”
When Tang Zun died in Wantai, Zun Zhiyi's disciple said: "There are no saints in China, my way is poor, Confucius wants to live in the Nine Yi disciples empty words, my generation should live in the real world." So the Great Confucian wrapped the Crown and the Little Confucian wrapped the Zhai Gong, and said: "Ruling the world, three generations of Li Le Qiao are yi." ”
In the north and the country of Pan Ou, the tribute dog yu Guangwu, the dog squatted and squated, did not dare to pass, said: "It is possible to be polite and please." "The curse of the bow is the kneeling, the kneeling of the bow, the Confucian said: "Yes or no, knowing that I have the responsibility of ruling the world, I asked." "The subject has the way of the emperor and dares to offer it." The dog suddenly gave it away, and Confucianism said, "If you go in vain, you will lead me to climb in, and leave it in the zhou." "Tail and follow, and kneel, and the dog also learns to kneel, and the dog also learns to kneel." Ru Xi, gradually kissed, out of its Gun crown with clothes, Gun dog crown dog with dog. Dogsha was tired of the crown and wearing clothes, and squatted on the ground and could not get up. The Confucian rejoiced: "Today I have begun to sit in the Dhamma in accordance with the ancient rituals." Then he danced in front of the dog, saying, "The subject has a movement, please play it." "I know:
What is not a king? Whoever dares not be a monarch. Why can't I? Only the Party of Mine will do it. Yapi new outfit, Hewei Zhang. Look at me, don't pretend to be a man. Xi Xuanxi, let me respect the relatives, not the emperor to Yang.
It is so easy to get the way of the king and the way of the king!
Singing and dancing and starving, with no food to eat, Xiao Ru said, "Kang Zhao." The Great Confucian said, "A gentleman does not seek food." Even if he has a dog Qing, Qing Zhonggu Mai is stunned, and he knows: "It is possible to know the hardships of the harvest." Holding it, he said: "Learn also, Lu is in it, and it is safe and unattainable." ”
The Guangwu Emperor smelled it and arrested him, saying, "It is the dog Ruye, who blasphemes the crown of the previous king, insults the words of the saints, and kills without indulgence!" The Confucian Bin died: "Li Le is honored by my king, and my generation dies." The way is not good, fate! "Then the world in the hereafter said that the saint killed Confucianism, and Gai killed the dog Ruye.
▲ "Confucianism has a full master"
Comparing "Confucianism has a full master" and "People Have Fathers Die and Mourn the Tomb of Lu", "Li Ben congyu", it can be seen that the three texts are in the same vein, which is actually an indispensable and important document for the study of Fu Shan's academic thought, especially the Confucian view and the equality of the Jingzi.
I. The "Li Xie" and the "Xue Xie" belong to the same ideological system, which is Fu Shan's reflection and criticism of Confucianism.
When he was a teenager, Fu Shan took the old path of a literati, and when he was 19 years old, he became a twin. However, from the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636) to the following year, he was the teacher Yuan Jixian into the capital to "prosecute the injustice", especially the cruel reality of the Ming and Qing Ding Revolution, so that Fu Shan, who already had many doubts about Confucianism, reflected deeply and saw clearly the decay, emptiness and misguided country of the so-called rational theory of Confucianism.
After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, on the one hand, it hyped up the theory of science to win people's hearts; on the other hand, some so-called Confucians tried their best to provide theoretical support for the rule of the Qing court and defend their status as vassals. Against this background, especially after the armed resistance to the Qing Dynasty was hopeless, Fu Shan and his colleagues turned to ideological and cultural resistance, and used the dogmatism, empty study style, portal strife, and hegemonic style of opposing the "mud ancients," "righteous attacks," and "blind editions" of the science as ideological weapons against foreign rule, and criticized the vulgar, mediocre, slave, and corrupt Confucianism to the skin. At the same time, a severe criticism was made of the so-called Confucian doctrine mixed with the dross of the late Pre-Han Dynasty and the Later Han Dynasty, as well as the Song Ming Theory, which cut to the two categories of Confucianism, "ritual" and "learning".
"Reason" is the highest category of science, and in the "Rational Ben Congyu" section of the "Xue Xie", Fu Shan opened the sect to explain "reason" and "learning". Xu Guangxuan of the Five Stages of Jia Daojian once had a treatise on the interpretation of the "Xue Xie" "Li Ben Congyu", which was included in the "Frost Red Niche Collection" and the "Dun Gong Zhai Testament":
"The solution of learning words can be described as a major case throughout the ages, Mr. Judgment, let alone make a mediation of vague words." The so-called Mencius's text, its sharp edge can not be violated. With enlightenment, he also has Confucianism. In order to see the training, then the gentleman's sole understanding. The distinction between its effect and enlightenment is evidenced by Yi Yin Si Meng. Right and wrong are self-evident without hesitation. The effect is always on others, and those who learn Zhu are not convinced, it is said that it begins with others and ends with oneself. However, if it does not work, it will not be tested in the end, and the cover will be rare. ...... However, the skin of the world is already very thick, and it is impossible to make it feel bad without hitting the deep wounds. Or, enlightenment is to see, and what is the one who sees? What is the state of the enlightened? I know, sir's words are detailed in the two paragraphs of Deyan Tai. When the object is seen, the sight is also seen here. At this point, the four words of the Ethereal Fa Realm in the previous paragraph have been covered. Or, what is the way, and can see and perceive. Well, Zenya asked. A gentleman who cultivates the Tao further, desires his own self-satisfaction. Self-satisfaction is seeing, and enlightenment is called. If you want to be self-sufficient and not know how to do it, you are asking for fish because of wood. ...... Mr. Fu's learning, the words of not being dedicated to one family, the words of Lao Tzu Zhuangzi and Shakyamuni outside the Confucian books, are not exhaustive. Taking the four books to examine it, Kong Yan zengsi's will, Mencius's collection of its achievements and its nourishment of qi in two chapters, is actually the gist. There will be something to do, day and night. It started in Pingdan and ended in Haoran. Peaceful dan, the breath of the night also. ...... What is suitable to see cannot be seen, and the doubt of emptiness cannot be solved. Pick up the name elephant, fill the chest, and the way of self-sufficiency will be cut off. Ignorance. The reason why this Mr. Fu is too restless with the slave Ru is also the same. ”
▲ "Li Ben from Jade" chapter
The "Li Xie" section of "Man Has a Father Dies and Mourns the Destruction of the Tomb" also cuts to the three Confucian categories of "loyalty", "filial piety" and "etiquette", and the text is not long, but the sentences are the outline.
"Therefore it is not filial piety but filial piety, filial piety and filial piety, and filial piety in the world." It is not his loyalty but his loyalty, loyalty to the world, and the world to be faithful. Not to kiss it, it is called 'liye', not to be incivility, and not to kiss it, 'indecent also', lily also. Not its king and the king, it is called 'etiquette', non-etiquette, and there is no king, 'non-etiquette', etiquette. The so-called ceremonial ones of the Confucians, the crowns of the rulers of the world, and the sores of the chaotic world. I do not know how to scrape its roots, but apply it with plaster, and apply it thickly, saying: 'The gift of healing sores is also.' 'Do not be shrewd with the eyes and ears of the people, but bow down to covet his profits, saying, 'The rites of the world should be like this.' 'Funeral of the world, funeral of the world, funeral of the world. Woe to you! The text of benevolence, righteousness, wisdom and faith, in terms of literature, can not be gold, the only gift is based on gold, and the words are crazy (gold plus gifts). (Jin Jiali) sound also, to change the opposite. It is commonly known as the one who comes and removes (Jin Jia Li). From its voice, its righteousness will not exist, and it will turn into a crack. Whoever makes a sound, it is all taken from the three. He who is also a servant is righteous and then a reed. Therefore, the king, the rebbe, the non-jun, (jin jiali) also. Knowing (Jin Jia Li) and then knowing the liturgy, and then the festival of heaven and earth. Xi kneels and worships those who advance and retreat, and the plaster of Jingye, do not want to think of sores, and they are only bloodless. ”
The principle of courtesy and indecency is determined by the change of society and the content of loyalty, not from the formal loyalty to the king. Society is forward, and ethics is developing, so there is no eternal code of ethics. This is a concise interpretation made by Mr. Wei Zongyu in the Commentary on Fu Shan.
It can be seen that the two texts of "Li Ben Congyu" and "Man Has a Father Die and Mourn the Destruction of the Tomb" are indeed the same ideological system, and both are reflections and criticisms of Confucianism.
Second, the newly published "Confucians with Manchu Masters" is the so-called ritual of science advocated by Fu Shan to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, and even the ruthless lashing and criticism of the so-called Confucians defending their own behavior among the Shiqing courtiers, which complements the "People Have Fathers Die and Mourn the Destruction of The Tomb" of the "Ritual Interpretation".
If "Man Has a Father Dies and Mourns the Destruction of the Tomb" is an argument and a theoretical argument, then the "Confucian Man With a Master" is a factual exposition that lays out facts and makes sense. Through the dialogue between "Manshi Fan" and "Langling Naihebao", the whole text first mocks the ritual of science preached by the Qing court as the so-called "ceremony of Dengqing".
"What is Qing?" "The puritan who speaks of filth should be clean"; "What is dendriage?" "The origin of the Qing Dynasty's Shoutian food should not be □, so it is honored that it is ascended." He even used the manchus to get drunk" and "taunted" yu li out of his mouth with intestines and "ridiculed" to "kill people." Then, through the dialogue between the "Lecturer Doctor" and "Mei Zizhen", with an almost allegorical ridicule, the so-called Confucians who defend their own status as a vassal are ridiculed as vulgar Confucianism, vulgar Confucianism, slave Confucianism, corrupt Confucianism, and even the Confucian and dog Confucianism of "three colors dyed red". And the fate of dog Ru is naturally to be killed, "Fu Tianxia in the hereafter said that the saint killed Ru, and Gai killed Dog Ru ye!" ”
Because the article adopts a playful and angry writing style, it seems to be unorthodox, and there are many metaphors to mock the Manchu Qing Dynasty (the "Qing" is directly interpreted as excrement, and the words "dog Qing" appear many times), as well as the so-called Confucians who defended the theory of the Qing court's rule over Zhang Ming and defended their own status as a vassal, which may be the reason why the Jia Daojian Zhang Tingjian and Zhang Tingquan brothers edited "Frost Red Niche Collection" was deleted and not recorded.
▲ "Man has a father who dies and mourns the destruction of the tomb"
3. The newly discovered "Confucian Manchu Fan" and "Man Has a Father Die and Mourn the Destruction of the Tomb" are both "Ritual Interpretation" texts, and together with the "Xue Xie" text, they constitute Fu Shan's Confucian view.
For Song Ming's theory, Fu Shan never completely denied it, but conducted dynamic research from the process of historical development. For example, Chen Liang, who "real factual merit", Wang Yangming, who pursues positive factors in the liberation of personality, and even Sun Qifeng, a theorist of the same period, also have many praises. His respect for Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, Confucius, and his respect for Confucius, can be seen in the "Miscellaneous Notes I", "Its essence is beyond the reach of later Confucianism, and it must be known." He even agreed with Confucius's "renxue" (仁學).
These views are reflected in fu shan's three articles above. Borrowing Meizi's mantra, the Confucian Master of the Confucian Tradition, speaking about the relationship between "benevolence and unkindness", is similar to the discussion on "etiquette and incivility" in "Man Has a Father Dies and Mourns the Destruction of the Tomb", and finally concludes: "If the saints have good and no evil, then the heavens and the earth have yang and no yin." ”
On the basis of confucian reflection and dialectical analysis, the original source, Fu Shan not only respects the rational core of Confucianism, but also actively advocates the study of sub-science, and even the study of Buddhist And Taoist thought, including his "Laozi Commentary", "Zhuangzi Interpretation", "Baiquan Thesis (Upper and Lower)", "Guan zi commentary", "Zeng Zi qing commentary", "Pipe commentary", "Zhuangziyi commentary", "Xunzi commentary", "Xunzi commentary", "Huainanzi commentary", "Lü Shi Chunqiu commentary", "Saying Yuan annotation", and even "Diamond Sutra Commentary", "Leng Yan Jing Annotation", "Five Lantern Society Yuan Annotation", "Five Lantern Society Yuan Annotation". It can be seen in commentaries and commentaries such as the Commentaries on the Translation of the Nominal Collection, which fully embodies the idea of equality and application of the Fushan Jingzi and the world.
"Since the mountain is not peaceful, I have come to Tim Er a peak of green." Fu Shan is a mountain in the rebellion against foreign rule, and he is a strange peak in the study and promotion of Chinese thought.
▲ Fu Shan,"The Urn Spring Is Difficult to Grow Old" of "Six Openings of Landscape and Water"
Coloring album on silk
Collection of the Palace Museum
Wenbo Shanxi Hao Yuecai special article
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Wen | Hao Yuecai
Originally published in the 13th edition of Shanxi Evening News on May 9, 2022
The original title | Fu Shan's "Etiquette" has another sister article
The title of this article is added by the editor
Figure| Shanxi Museum Hao Yuecai network
The copyright of graphics and texts belongs to the original author or institution
Edited | Shanxi Evening News All-Media Editor Nanlijiang
Audit | Fang Tianji
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