Yi Yuan
Yiyuan is centered on the theme courtyard, the courtyard is surrounded by Jieyuxuan, Tianxixuan, Zhuyi Pavilion, Songgongxuan, and a falling landscape is set up in the garden, and the central Jixian Pavilion is ascended, as if feeling the xianxian group of sages such as Ban Jieyu, Sadula, Fu Shan, Xu Jishe and other sages in the long river of Xinzhou history.
Ban Jieyu
Ban Jieyu (Han Dynasty talented daughter, concubine of Emperor Cheng of Han)
▲ Banji resigned
Unknown name, Hancheng Emperor Liu Xiao concubine, Western Han Dynasty female writer, famous talented woman, one of the female writers in the history of Chinese literature known for their words. Poetry is good, there are virtues. At first, he was a young envoy, and he was established as a concubine. There is a biography of her in the Hanshu Foreign Relatives Biography. She is also the grandmother of Ban Gu, Ban Chao and Ban Zhao. Her work is numerous, but most of it has been lost. There are only three extant works, namely "Self-Injury Endowment", "Pounding Su Fu", and a five-character poem "Grievance Song Line" (also known as "Tuan Fan Song").
Ban Jieyu is beautiful in appearance, quite talented in literature, especially familiar with historical events, often citing scriptures and exporting chapters, she often enlightens Emperor Hancheng; Ban Jieyu is also good at musical rhythm, both writing lyrics and composing music, her lyrics have a sense of hair, so that Emperor Hancheng benefited a lot in the sound of silk and bamboo. For Emperor Hancheng, Ban Jieyu was not only her concubine, but also his mentor and friend. Ban Jieyu's virtuous virtue is also well known in the harem. Because she did not interfere in the affairs of the dynasty and strictly observed etiquette, she was deeply admired by the people of the times, and was known as "Fan Ji in ancient times, and now there is a concubine".
>> Swipe to see the long image
The Ming Dynasty's "A Thousand Autumns" is now in the National Museum of China
Ban Jieyu's life can be seen as a specimen of the life course of ancient harem concubines. Her life from prosperity to depression is a common life situation for the concubines of the imperial harems in China's thousands of years of feudal society.
Due to the persecution of Zhao Feiyan's sisters, Ban Jieyu quietly retreated in the deep palace after moving to changxin palace. Every day when the door of Changxin Palace opened, she began to sweep the floor step by step, and her life was rigid and monotonous. She felt like an abandoned fan in autumn, lonely and lonely. He composed poems to mourn himself, so as to spend time, often touching the scene and hurting.
>> Swipe to view Tang Yin's "Ban Zhao Tuan Fan Map" of the Ming Dynasty
It is now in the national palace museum in Taipei
She compared herself to the autumn fan in "Tuan Fan Song" and sighed: "I am often afraid of the autumn festival, and the cool breeze wins the heat." In the midst of abandonment, grace is in the end. "In the subsequent generations, the tuan fan almost became a symbol of red face and thin life, and the loss of power of the beautiful person. The connection between Tuan Fan and the miserable life situation is derived from Ban Jieyu in the Han Dynasty. The dough fan, cut from white fine silk, accompanies the owner when it is hot. In the cool autumn, it is discarded in the box. Later generations took "Autumn Cool Tuan Fan" as an allusion to women's fall from favor, also known as "Ban Female Fan".
Sadhu
Sadula (1272 or 1300–1355)
The character Tianxi, The Number Zhizhai, Hui, a famous poet and painter of the Yuan Dynasty. His ancestors were from the Western Regions, born in Yanmen (present-day Dai County, Shanxi), and were four years old in Taiding. He was appointed to serve the Hanlin script, promoted to the imperial history of Nantai, impeached the magnates, left to move to Zhenjiang RecordEri Dalu Huachi, moved to Jiangnan to serve the imperial history, left to huaibei province, and lived in Hangzhou in his later years. Sadhu Lashan painting, fine calligraphy, especially good calligraphy. There is a tiger crouching dragon jumping talent, known as the wild goose gate talent.
Sadula's family was poor in his early years, but Sadula was intelligent and sensitive, and his literary qualifications were different from ordinary people. In 1327, Sadhu was admitted as a jinshi, and in July of the following year, he took the post of Zhenjiang Road Recorder Daru Huachi. In 1331, Sadula was transferred to the Jiangnan area and held the post of Governor of Jiangnan.
《Yanling Diaoyutai Map》
His literary creations are mainly poetry, and the content of his poems is mostly based on sightseeing in the mountains, returning to the hidden and idle, Mu Xian Li Buddha, and rewarding answers, and his ideological value is not high. Sadula also has paintings such as "Yanling Diaoyutai Map" and "Mei Que", which are now treasured in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Fu shan
Fu Shan (1607 AD)
Statue of Fu Shan
The original name was Dingchen, the word Qingzhu, changed to qing lord, and also had aliases such as Turbid Weng and Guanhua, Han chinese, Taiyuan people in Shanxi. Born on June 19, 1995 of the Ming Dynasty, he was a Taoist thinker, calligrapher, and physician during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Fu Shan learned everything, in addition to history, he was also familiar with the pre-Qin sons, and he was also good at calligraphy and painting medicine. Li Zhimin, a professor at Peking University and the pioneer of introducing the monument into the grass, commented: "Fu Shan's cursive circles are many eyes, complex but not chaotic, and in the midst of depression, there is also the state of Yiyan."
▲ Fu Shan wears a Taoist robe
In the political and social arena, Fu Shan had three major events in his life: in his early years, as the leader of the students in Shanxi, he led the students of the province to petition for the students of the province to enter Beijing for half a year, becoming the precursor of the student movement in early modern China for Zhao Xueping's opposition to the unjust case of Yuan Jixian, opposing the corrupt eunuch party and the dark tyranny. In middle age, he engaged in secret anti-Qing activities for more than 20 years, was arrested and imprisoned at the age of 49, for more than a year, after several severe interrogations, prepared for extreme torture, resisted unyieldingly, went on a hunger strike for 9 days, held the determination to die, persisted in the struggle, and finally was released.
In his later years, he mainly engaged in writing, and successively received or visited a large number of literati and scholars in the opposition, such as Kunshan Gu Yanwu, Rongcheng Sun Fengqi, Fuping Li Yindu, Zhou Zhi Li Yu page, Hechuan Dai Wuxu, Pengcheng Yan Ermei, Panyu Qu Dajun, as well as Xiushui Zhu Yizun, Wang Shizhen of Xincheng, and Yan Ruoxuan of Taiyuan, who had not yet been cleaned up at that time, and actually became one of the leaders and representatives of the ideological and cultural circles in the opposition.
▲ Fu Shan Cursive "Picking Red Pear Leaves" Poetry Scroll Collection of Shanxi Museum
In terms of literature and art, Fu Shan's poetry is extremely ideological and realistic, his writing is not informal, he is willful and straightforward, he is old and clumsy, generous and desolate, and he has formed a unique artistic style; calligraphy and grass are sealed, all are exquisite, heroic and uninhibited, unique and unique, and famous all over the world, and at that time, he was evaluated as "above Wang Duo"; painting was quaint and elegant, and the freehand song was as wonderful as possible, and the "Illustrated Treasure Book" commented: "His talent is unmatched in the sea, and people cannot fully understand it." ”
▲"Fu Shan Liang Tan Calligraphy and Painting Album"
Fu Shan contributed to the theory of calligraphy art. The theory of "Four Nings and Four Noes" put forward by him is extremely incisive, and has universal significance and far-reaching influence on the entire artistic category. "Ning is clumsy, Ning is ugly, Ning is not slippery, ning zhen is not arranged", which is enough to affect the field of Chinese calligraphy.
▲ Part of the Qing carved version of "Fu Qing's Main Female Section"
▲ Scraps of women's departments in herbal medicine
In terms of medicine, he has high skills in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, and departments, especially gynecology. His medical works "Fu's Female Department" and "The Secret of the Green Capsule" have been passed down to the world to this day and benefited people. Fu Shan attaches great importance to medical ethics, does not talk about rich and poor in the treatment of patients, treats them equally, and in the same case, gives priority to the poor. In this regard, he explained: "Good people harm good diseases, they have good medicine and good medicine, and those who are high cannot cure them; Hu people harm Hu disease, they have Hu doctors and Hu medicine, and those who are serious cannot cure it." ”
Xu Jishe
Xu Jihu (December 4, 1795 – March 30, 1873)
▲ Portrait of Xu Jishe
A famous courtier and scholar of the late Qing Dynasty, the New York Times called him Galileo of the East. The character Song Gong (松龛), also spelled Jiannan (健男), nicknamed Makita (牧田), was a native of Wutai County, Dai Prefecture, Shanxi (present-day Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province). Daoguang served as the governor of Guangxi and Fujian, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, the prime minister of Yamen, and the first minister in charge of tongwenguan affairs, and was an official for more than 30 years.
Xu Jihu is one of the great pioneers of China's modern era to open his eyes to the world, and he is also a famous geographer in modern times, and he has also made certain achievements in literature, history, calligraphy and other aspects. He is the author of "Yinghuan Zhiluo", "Commentary on ancient poetry sources", "Retreat from the Secret Zhai Shiwen", "Supplement to the Retreat of the Secret Zhai Shiwen" and so on.
▲ The world map in "Yinghuan Zhiluo"
Xu Jihu stood up as a man and served as an official in the government, which was quite distinctive; he was full of righteousness and a clean wind in his sleeves, dared to take responsibility, was good at doing good and being good at success, and at the same time actively conformed to the development and progress of history and the times, breaking through the traditional barriers and seeking new ideas, new cultures, and new knowledge.
After the end of the First Opium War, Xu Jihu was promoted to inspector of Fujian. During his tenure, he saw that "the British chieftains had suspicious intentions", "often attacked the east and the west, and said one thing and the other", and "it is still difficult to ensure that there is no vain provocation and coastal nuisance". It is believed that "there is no danger, only before the precautions", "prevention is later, not as if it is first", "do not be afraid of their daily quietness, resulting in the problem of being caught off guard".
Therefore, he built forts everywhere, strengthened the coastal defense of dangerous places, and was ready to meet the invading enemy. In the 30th year of Daoguang (1850), the British army vainly attempted to dig up coal near Keelung, Taiwan, and formally made a request to the Qing government. Xu Jihu "prepared the text and replied, and refused to stop the right words", and secretly practiced Taiwan's Tamsui tongzhi Cao Shigui to "gather with people from all over the world, publicly investigate and prohibit, and publish forbidden monuments to strictly guard against them." The forbidden monument, which exists on the right side of the taipei city park museum building, is a strong evidence that Xu Jihu protected national resources.
Xu Jihu introduced not only Western science and technology, but also western democracy in "Yinghuan Zhiluo". While recounting washington's leadership of the American people in victory in the War of Independence and the establishment of a bourgeois democratic system, Xu Jihu praised the great achievements of Washington, the first president of the United States, and his pioneering efforts to create a modern Western democratic political system.
Washington was given a very high evaluation, and its understanding was highly difficult to surpass: "Washington, the other person also." The courage to rise up and win the battle, to divide the xiong over Cao Liu, has raised a three-foot sword, opened up thousands of miles, but does not usurp the title, does not pass on the descendants, but creates as the method of promotion, and is more common to the world.
Its governance reveres good customs, not martial arts, and is also very different from other countries. Yu saw his portrait, his appearance was majestic, whimpering, but he was not a masterpiece! The United States of Millikin (i.e., the United States of America) is a nation, with no title of prince, no hereditary rules, public instruments, and a situation that has never existed in ancient times. Taixi ancient and modern figures, can not be called Washington as the first! ”
In short, the introduction and promotion of the bourgeois democratic system and the leading figures of the bourgeois revolution in the United States were indeed the first at that time, and gave a major influence to the ideological circles in China at that time and the later bourgeois reformists. Many restoration thinkers drew nourishment from the Yinghuan Zhiluo and promoted their practice of bourgeois restoration and reform.
Yiyuan is based on the history of the four people, from ancient times to the present, and a group of sages have emerged.
Source: Ancient City of Xinzhou, Shanxi
Xinzhou Ancient City: A good picture of the home mountain returning to the dream