Su Dongpo is not only a first-class all-round cultural giant of the Song Dynasty, but also the most well-known ancient people in the entire history of China. With the love and concern people have for Su Dongpo today, most people also know that his life is not smooth. Although the two emperors of Song Shenzong and Song Zhezong actually had a good feeling for him, they still degraded him, and even his sons were also displaced. For the famous Sichuan Meishan Sansu, most people today know that Su Shi and Su Rui brothers have a very deep relationship, but few people pay attention to the experience of Su Dongpo's three sons. In fact, Su Mai, Su Yi and Su Guo, all because of Su Dongpo's depreciation in the second half of his life, rewrote the fate of his life.
Statue of Su Dongpo
First, the eldest son, Su Mai, was implicated in the Wutai poetry case
Su Mai ( Su Mai ) was born to Wang Fusuo , the first wife of Su Dongpo , a native of Meishan County , Meizhou , and was actually born in Kaifeng Province , the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Around the age of five, due to the death of Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Rui brothers sent their father back to Meishan for burial, and Su Mai returned to Sichuan with his family and studied with his father for three or four years during the period of filial piety.
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song (1068), Su Shishou's funeral ended. When his wife Wang Fu died, Su Shi returned to Kaifeng with Su Mai, who was less than ten years old, and remarried his wife's cousin Wang Yanzhi, and handed Su Mai over to Wang to raise and supervise his studies. At this time, Wang Anshi promoted the new law, and Su Shi somewhat disagreed (in fact, Su Shi's attitude toward the new law during the Shenzong years had changed several times in his life, but he did not avoid his own attitude, which was also the reason for the ups and downs in half a life), Yu Xining wrote the famous emperor's book in three years, followed by another discussion and three theories.
Su Shi became famous in the imperial examination in the last year of Emperor Renzong's reign, and was greatly praised by Ouyang Xiu, wang Anshi and Shenzong actually admired Su Shi, and Fan Zhen, a fellow villager in Sichuan, wanted to recommend Su Shi to replace the Zhizhiyuan, but Wang Anshi resolutely stopped it. Even so, Emperor Shenzong also wanted to arrange for Su Shi to compile a history book and other idle positions, so that he could stay in the Capital Division, but Wang Anshi had to send him to Hangzhou in the form of a promotion of treatment, and Su Mai followed. Three years later, when he moved to Michigan, Su Mai followed his father and grew into a dancing teenager.
In the tenth year of Xi Ning (1077), Su Mai turned eighteen years old, and Su Shi asked his son to his compatriot Lü Tao (a native of Pengshan County, Meizhou, Sichuan, the elder Su Shi was ten years old. Lü Tao was a typical scholar of the Song Dynasty who promoted Confucianism, and attached great importance to people's livelihood and cultural education. Originally in Zhipeng Prefecture, Sichuan, he also opposed Wang Anshi and demoted him to Shu Prefecture. After Emperor Zhezong of Song succeeded to the throne, Sima Guang and others restored their status and changed the title of Imperial Attendant in the Palace. He lived to the death of Emperor Huizong at the age of seventy-seven. In addition, Su Shi's initial thought was to ask Sima Guang for affection through Fan Zhen, and he knew that Sima Guang only had one wife, Zhang Shi, who said that Zhang Shi had no children, and said that he had two young sons who died prematurely, and finally took Sima Kang, the son of his brother Sima Dan, as his heir. There is no record of his daughter, so Su Shi's courtship with Sima Guang is quite intriguing, and it is very interesting that Su Shi first returned to Beijing to show his position and marry Sima Guang. When Su Shi and Su Rui took the examination in the Beijing Division, Sima Guang was an examiner, so Su Shi Su Rui was equivalent to Sima Guang's protégé. When Su Xun passed away, Sima Guang participated in the condolences, and Su Shi asked Sima Guang for an epitaph for his deceased mother Cheng Shi, and Sima Guang readily agreed. Therefore, originally Sima Guang and the Su Shi brothers also had a lot of friendship, so there was hope to consolidate the relationship, as to whether Sima Guang's own daughter was probably irrelevant, but this matter was not successfully achieved): "The journey of the Inner Gate is due to the early years; the distinction between friends is more important than the marriage of the world." A certain eldest son, Mai, is gifted with Park Lu and has recently passed on an art to his teacher. The virtuous little lady Mu Xun was born, far away from the Ten Thousand Stones House Law. Talk about the unashamed coins, and wish to tie the knot of endless joy. The two families married, and in August of the following year, the Lü family gave birth to a son, Su Zhen. Three years later, Su Mai Kao Zhongyuan Feng entered the priesthood in the fourth year (1081), and lü shi died of illness in Huangzhou the following year.
Portrait of Sima Guang
In the early years of Yuanfeng, when Su Mai was actively preparing for the exam, Su Shi was involved in the famous Wutai case. Su Mai was in Beijing at the time, delivering food to Su Shi in prison every day. Father and son can not meet directly, so secretly agreed, usually only send vegetables and meat, if there is bad news to send fish, so that they have a good idea, at the same time, Su Mai for the father's case also ran around, entrusting people to appeal.
There has been a lot of research on the Wutai case, and basically when Su Shi was an official in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Huzhou and other places, he witnessed the implementation of the new law, especially the Green Shoots Law and the Salt Monopoly Law, which damaged the interests of the people. Su Shi is a man of integrity, and he has some feelings in his poems.
The reason why the Wutai case is serious has nothing to do with Wang Anshi himself. Wang Anshi was dismissed in the ninth year of Xining because of public opinion, and the new law was insisted on by Emperor Shenzong in the later period, so the investigation of Su Shi was approved, and the imperial historians Li Ding, He Zhengchen, Shu Qi, and others successively wrote against Su Shi.
They found trouble in Su Shi's book in Huzhou, and then linked a series of poems to find evidence of great disrespect, especially the works of Su Dongpo and Li Qingchen, Sima Guang, Su Rui, Huang Tingjian and others who sang and sang harmony. In addition, the correspondence with Wang Xue was the focus, Su Shi was an official in Huzhou, and it was Wang Yi who first received news from Kaifeng and informed Su Rui (苏辙, in Nanjing, in modern Shangqiu, Henan).
Through the trial, Su Shi finally admitted that some of the works involved new laws, so Song Shenzong was very angry, Dali Temple criticized the monarch's sentencing according to the Song Dynasty Criminal Law, Su Shi belonged to the "ridicule" of the scholar-doctor culture, expressing a gentle opposition, the plot was relatively light, plus the confession attitude was also good, according to the law should be "two years of imprisonment". According to another principle of the Song Dynasty, "pardon should be forgiven", that is, the time period for the creation of a series of poems, every time there is a decree of amnesty for the world. The criticism of the poem is not very extreme, it belongs to the scope of forgivability, and it can still be summed up and exempted from punishment for Su Shi.
The image of Su Dongpo in film and television dramas
Dissatisfied with this, Yushitai asked the Inquisition to review the facts of the case, concluding that it supported Dali Temple and further emphasized the validity of the pardon. However, we all know that Su Shi was eventually degraded, in fact, according to the emperor's holy will, Su Shi was punished with "special responsibility", which could have been pardoned from a legal point of view, but the emperor imposed another punishment. If at the beginning of the implementation of the new law, Su Shi's criticism was fierce or it was found that his attitude was so, it would be a crime of great disrespect, and it was possible to impose the death penalty on a strict scale, just as Han Yue fiercely opposed Tang Xianzong's welcome to the Buddha's bone and was initially condemned to death.
Because Su Shi was admired by many people in the government and the public, whether it was out of Su Mai's request or his original sympathy, many people interceded one after another. As Prime Minister Wu Chong said bluntly: "Your Majesty takes Yao Shun as the law, and Bo Wei Wu is guyi, but Wei Wu is jealous of this, and he can still tolerate You Heng, and His Majesty cannot tolerate Su Shi. Even Wang Anshi actually cherished Su Shi and advised the Divine Sect to say: It is not appropriate for the Holy Dynasty to curse famous people. Even more Empress Dowager Cao came forward: "Emperor Xirenzong's virtuous return, xi xi, said: 'I now have two taiping prime ministers for my descendants', cover shi and ru ye, and kill them?" Zhang Huan also interceded (Zhang Huan and Su Shi were both Jiayou second-year soldiers, and together they came out of Shaanxi, Su Shi was the judge of Fengxiang, Zhang Huan was the Shangzhou Ling, and the two traveled together to the South Mountain. During Su Shi's depreciation, Zhang Wei sent clothes and medicines many times, and because of this love, Su Shi maintained contact with Zhang Huan for a long time. The deterioration of the relationship between the two was that after Emperor Zhezong, only Zhang Wei was left with a so-called new faction, and Su Rui took the lead in attacking Zhang Huan when Sima Guang and others collectively criticized him, and Su Shi chose to be silent at that time. Zhang Huan was impulsive and tough, and was disappointed that Su Shi did not say a word. Later, Emperor Zhezong personally overused Zhang Huan and once again demeaned Su Shi. However, after Emperor Huizong succeeded to the throne, he in turn degraded Zhang Huan to Leizhou in Lingnan, and Su Shi returned to the Central Plains to write letters to Zhang Huan and his son Zhang Yuan, and also sent some medicines, and the relationship between the two eased somewhat, but there was no chance to meet again. Four years after Su Shi's death, Zhang Huan also died), and finally Su Shi belittled who "Huangzhou Regiment Training Deputy Envoy Honshu Resettlement", and the sensational "Wutai Poetry Case" was closed, and the eldest son Su Mai and his father went to Huangzhou together.
Three other people were very seriously implicated, the first to promote the horse Wang Yi, because of leaking secrets to Su Shi, but also often associated with him, during the investigation did not hand over Su Shi's poems in time, but also because of impoliteness to the princess, he was stripped of all officials. The second is Wang Gong (the grandson of Emperor Zhenzong's famous Xiang Wang Dan, whose official position is not high, but he is a famous painter and has a good relationship with Su Shi. His father, Wang Su, also admired Su Shi, who was the same age as Su Shi's Bole Zhang Fangping, who was Wang Gong's father-in-law. During the period when Su Shishou's father was buried and returned to Shu, Wang Su knew about Chengdu Prefecture, and Su Shi visited the door. Wang Su died in the sixth year of Xi Ning's death, at the age of sixty-seven), and was assigned to Penn Prefecture (present-day Binyang, Guangxi) by Yushi. Su Shi was very guilty and wrote a poem saying: "I am tired of doing it, but I am instead of having a safe house." In the fourth year of YuanFeng (1081), Su Shi had the "Six Songs of Ciyun and Wang Gong", and after that, he repeatedly expressed his remorse for Wang Gong in his letters.
The third is the younger brother Su Rui, who once asked for the willingness to return all official positions to atone for his brother's sins. Due to the joint relationship between relatives, Su Rui was demoted to the post of liquor inspector of Yunzhou (the Song Dynasty was in Jiangxi Province, located in Gao'an County), saying that "it could not be adjusted for five years". Not without coincidence, during the later Zhe Sect's reign shao sheng years, Su Rui was angry with Zhezong for criticizing Li Qingchen for making a fuss about the new law in the subject questions, and degraded Yuan Prefecture Zhizhou, and before he arrived in Yuan Prefecture, he changed it to Nanjing (Nanjing in the Song Dynasty was Henan Shangqiu), and then let Yu prefecture live. Su Rui deepened his understanding of Yan Hui'an's poor and happy way, and wrote the famous "Dongxuan Ji" to recall that his father and brother both loved bamboo and strived for the ambition of high character.
In the seventh year of YuanFeng (1084), Su Mai and Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Jiangxi separately. At that time, Su Mai was appointed a lieutenant in Dexing County, the capital of Rao Prefecture (present-day Poyang Lake East, Jiangxi Province), and the father and son were under the Shizhong Mountain at the mouth of Qi'an Lake, and together they made a field investigation, and Su Shi wrote the "Record of Shi Zhongshan" that has been passed down through the ages. Before in Huangzhou, Su Mai was very puzzled about the history of Shi Zhongshan on the shore of Poyang Lake, flipping through records such as the "Notes on the Water Classics", Su Shi insisted on his famous saying "Boguan About Taking", you need to read more books, but you can't be mistaken by books, and sometimes you have to investigate. After that, Su Mai went to Dexing County to take up his post.
After separating from Su Mai, Su Shi went to Yuzhou to visit Su Rui (it is also said that su rui visited Su Rui first, and then Su Shi and his son Su Mai separated), and the two visited the nearby mountain temple together. Then Su Shi went to Lushan, leaving behind the realization of "not knowing the true face of Lushan" full of Zen and philosophy, and this trip to Lushan was hailed as a turning point in Su Shi's life of enlightenment. Jiangxi is the center of Zen Buddhism in the south, and both Su Shi and Su Rui have left important imprints of ideological transformation.
Su Shi's poetry collection
After years of edification by his father, Su Mai practiced and fulfilled his duties in Dexing. Su Shi and his friend Chen Jichang (the prototype of the folk tale of the Lion Roar in Hedong, Chen Yu, the character Ji Chang, is Su Shi's friend and fellow villager in Meizhou. It is said that the two families are family friends, his father Chen Xiliang was Su Shi's superior when he was the prefect of Fengxiang, Chen Jichang was Chen Xiliang's fourth son, a heroic figure, reunited with Su Shi in Huangzhou, accompanied Su Shi through the most devastated years, and then has been living in seclusion in Huangzhou) Wrote a letter to comment that Su Mai was "quite fatherly", and was very satisfied with his son's growth.
By the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Su Shi regained his reputation, and when he fell seriously ill in Xuzhou, Su Mai often went to serve, and he made a home on the shore of the lake south of the city, named Sujia Lake, and also remarried his wife Shi here.
During the reign of Emperor Zhezong, Su Shi was relegated to Lingnan (this time the derogatory is still similar to Wutai, and from many of his previous manuscripts, there are words that demean the Former Emperor Shenzong), Su Mai took the initiative to take care of his father and family, and took the initiative to apply for a job in Shaozhou Renhua Ling, because he was adjacent to Huizhou, and let his family go to take care of Su Shi. As a result, the imperial court perceived that the two places were close and needed to be avoided, and did not agree to Su Mai's appointment. After Su Shi and Su went to Hainan, Su Mai went to take on the heavy responsibility of taking care of his family (Su's family stayed in Huizhou).
In the third year of Emperor Zhezong's reign (1100), Su Shi finally returned from Hainan, Su Mai received Su Shi and Su Guo to return to the Central Plains together, Su Shi went to Changzhou to die of illness, Su Mai and Su Guo obeyed their father's wishes, buried him in Xiao'emei Mountain in Ruzhou, Henan, and then Su Guo settled there.
In order to take care of his father and family, Su Mai also experienced displacement throughout his life, and always only worked as a small official in the local area. By the time of Emperor Huizong, the Su family was characterized as a disciple of the old school during the Yuan Dynasty, and was basically idle. In the second year of Zhenghe (1112), the fifty-five-year-old Su Mai was deposed from Jiahe County, Xiuzhou, and finally met his uncle Su Rui and returned to Xuzhou to live idly in Sujiahu, where he died of illness at the age of sixty-one.
Second, the second son, Su Yi, saw through the world's good heart
Su Shi's second son, Su Yi, was born when Xi Ningchu returned to Kaifeng to marry the successor king. Su Dongpo once wrote a poem describing Su Yi: "I have a long head, horns and horns and rhinoceros jade", describing Su Qi's appearance as quite peculiar and cute when he was born.
Su Yi was frail and sickly when he was a child, it is said that he could not walk before the age of four, and he needed to be held or carried by adults, Su Shiyun: "Four years old does not know how to walk, ambition is troubled by the back and abdomen", multi-party treatment has not seen great results. Su Shi went to Hangzhou to make friends with the debater of the Shangtianzhu Temple, so he let Su Yi drop his hair in front of the Guanyin statue and stay in the Buddhist Gate. A miracle actually happened, Su Yi was suddenly able to walk, and Su Dongpo specially wrote the sentence "The teacher came to the top of the mo, and took advantage of the deer".
When he was a teenager, Su Yi was not interested in reading, and perhaps in view of the fact that his father, uncle, and brother were all implicated in the Wutai case, Su Yi did not want to take the path of keju and long liked Taoist learning. However, born in a family of literary heroes, Su Yi has heard about it since childhood, and his literary talent is still there. Legend has it that when he was sixteen years old, he encountered a strong wind on the way to Dengzhou with Su Shi, and Su Yi wrote the poem "Huaikou Meets the Wind", and Su Dongpo praised it endlessly: "My poems are like sick ji, and the sorrows are singing to the fading grass." There are real sons of the horse, a spray of horses down. "Junguan rhymes with strong rhymes, and has won the suburbs and islands." It is believed that Su Yi's poems not only surpass himself, but also surpass Mengjiao and Jia Dao, but unfortunately, Su Yi's poems have not been handed down.
After the elder brother Su Stepped forward, he was actually accompanied by Su Shi and Su Guo to travel around. After Su Yi grew up, many sources said that he was admitted to the jinshi in the early years of Emperor Zhezong, which was a misinformation, but in fact he only received the title of Chengwu Lang according to his father.
During the Yuan Dynasty, although Sima Guang came out of the mountains and the old school gradually regained their status, in order to maintain the authority of the Divine Sect, the requirements for the origin of officials were very strict, and the children of the families of officials involved in disputes were not even allowed to stay in the capital, let alone participate in scientific expeditions. What is important is that during Sima Guang's time in charge, Su Shi changed his attitude again and was more protective of some of the new laws, but he was quite contradictory to Sima Guang. In his youth, Su Yi was more seriously influenced by his father in the Korean situation than Su Mai, which basically eliminated the positive side of life.
Many records mistakenly believe that Su Fu participated in the scientific expedition by changing his name, or that he left Su Shi to study science with Zhang Zai, completely confusing Su Fu with Su Fu as one person.
During the actual yuan and shao sheng years, Su Yi had already begun to cultivate. Judging from the poems left by Su Shi, Su Yi's teenagers were obviously influenced by Buddhism, but this was mainly Su Shi who entrusted su Shi to the Buddha gate so that Su Hui could grow up healthy when he was a child. It still affects the cultivation of Su Yi's personality that looks down on fame and fortune.
After Su Yi grew up, through his own studies and preferences, he turned to focusing on cultivation, and it can also be seen that the Su family was more and more tired of the worldly disputes of fame and fortune because of the misfortunes that Su Shi was involved in. Like the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1091), the great drought in Yingzhou, Taishou Sushi asked his son Su Shi to pray with the state scholar Chen Shidao (one of Su Shi's most famous protégés, with remarkable poetic achievements, it was Su Shi who received Chen Shidao's entry during the Yingzhou period, and died of an unexpected illness ten years later, before he was fifty years old) fasted and prayed, and held some ceremonies to pray for the favor of the people.
In July of that year, Su Shi wrote a critical essay criticizing the theorist Cheng Yi: "Only because of the adultery of Cheng Yi, the appearance of words, the sin of this minister." (See "The Complete Works of Dongpo , Volume 60 of the ThirteenThRenciation") The su family's disciples were all following the example of filial piety and brotherhood and brotherhood, and the dispute between Su Shi and Cheng Yi was so sharp at that time that Qian Daxin later summarized the dispute between Su Cheng during the Yuan Dynasty as the two schools of Shu and Luo, although it was too exaggerated, but after all, Su Shi and Su Rui's position at that time was objective, and it was unlikely that Su Yi would abandon his family to follow Zhang Zai to learn from another family.
Portrait of Su Shi
From an academic point of view, this is different from Su Kai's abandonment of his youth to infiltrate Buddhist cultivation and choose to cultivate when he grows up. In the Song Dynasty, there were a large number of well-learned celebrities who also understood the three schools of Confucianism and Taoism, and there were also many Buddhist monks and Taoist masters who were proficient in other doctrines. For Su Kai, whether from the perspective of inheriting family learning or from the aspect of filial piety of the ancients, it is unreasonable to abandon Su Shi, a knowledgeable father, to follow Zhang Zai. Moreover, in fact, Su Fu had someone else, he was indeed a Guanzhong person, and he was also more than ten years older than Su Fu.
Su Yi waited until emperor Huizong's years to come out to do things, and only held such a small role as Wuchang Guanku, and never had official experience in the administration of Guangdong Province (Su Shi and Su Guo did not have much record when Su Shi and Su Guo were in Hainan). Su Shi and his father's friends have either passed away or declined, and his uncle Su Rui has become old and idle. Su Yi died in the first year of Jing Kang, and his whole life was indisputable and unknown, reflecting his pure nature of being subservient and good.
Third, the youngest son, Su Guo, inherited Su Shi's literary talent
Su Dongpo's younger son, Su Guo, was also born to the successor Wang Yan.
A few years after Su Guo was born, Su Shi was involved in the Wutai case. Su Guo, who was only six or seven years old, stayed in Huzhou with his mother Wang Shi and his second brother Su Kui. After going to Huangzhou, Su Guo followed his father and brother to the land to farm, and he experienced folk sufferings since he was a child, and his will to study with his father and brother was also very strong.
Su Dongpo attaches great importance to Su's education, and his talent is also extremely high. Due to the eldest brother Su Jieshi and the second brother Su Jie partial Tondo cultivation, only Su Guo really inherited the mantle of the Su family literature, from birth to thirty and standing, Su Guo has never left his father. Especially in his youthful youth, he followed Su Shi from Guangdong to Hainan Island, deepening his relationship with his father in a huge setback, and was most deeply influenced by Su Shi.
It is difficult to say that Su Shi's many disasters and difficulties in this life have nothing to do with the fact that the reputation of Caixue is too big.
Biography of Su Shi
Su Shi and Su Rui both became famous very early (the reason why Su Shi's reputation is higher, if you do not overly respect the theory of genius, but also because Su Shi's age and cultivation were more mature at that time, Su Rui was not yet twenty after all, and still needed further tempering and polishing), su Dongpo when he was young, his personality was slightly similar to Li Bai, and he also had a "who immortal" temperament (for example, the famous "When the Bright Moon" created a typical image of who immortals, the so-called "I want to return with the wind, and I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu, and the heights are cold"), but unfortunately he was involved in factional disputes very early. Su Dongpo's personality is very charismatic, not arrogant and arrogant, he must not be good at communication, in fact, we all know that he travels very widely, even if Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, and Zhang Wei all contradict each other at different stages, but they actually have a good relationship in private.
In the second half of his life, Su Shi degraded again and again, Su Guo has been accompanying his father on a long journey, taking care of life, listening to teachings, and always comforting his father's painful soul, and the father and son have a deep affection.
Su Guo's filial piety to Su Dongpo was praised by many of his contemporaries, "Weng Ban Ze'er Built; Weng Qiao Was Paid; Weng Fu wrote poems and books, and then he worshiped him even more." For those who can be Mr. ShuKuro also. (Chao said that the "Epitaph of the Late Song Tong Zhilang Meishan Su Shu Dang", Su Guo Zi Shu Dang.) Chao zhizhi was one of the representatives of the Chao family, which was very prosperous in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the teacher was Sima Guang, who received su Shi's guidance during the Yuan Feng years. Congjie Chao was also one of Su Shi's famous protégés, and from his brother Chao Chongzhi was also a student of Sumen Chen Shidao, who entered the Dasheng Mansion during the reign of Emperor Huizong and was named after the poet Zhou Bangyan, and his nephew was the great poet Lu You).
In the first year of Zhezong Shaosheng (1094), Su Guo accompanied Su Shi to Huizhou and wrote the poem "Traveling with adults to Luofu Mountain": "The sea is not far away, and the mountain is fortunate enough to cultivate five acres." Life is not a lie, and Da Chun gu has sad old Peng. The abbot of Penglai is now within easy reach, and the rich and the noble are heavy. Jie Mao wishes to be an elk friend, and has no intention of sitting on the jackal tiger. The poem is full of comfort for his father, who is wronged and aggrieved, and in the hard life of cultivation and reading, as long as he has learned the Tao, Li Lu fugui regards it as we are a and dew electricity, showing the twenty-two-year-old Su Guo's open-mindedness of being willing to be indifferent and not seeking wealth.
Su Shi had a great reputation and good popularity, and when he first came to Huizhou, Zhizhou Zhan Fan let him live in the Hejiang Building of the Three Divisions Yamen and enjoy the courtesy of a senior official. Su Shi felt inappropriate after just two days of living and moved to the remote Jiayou Temple. The following year, his cousin Cheng Zhicai, who had been friends for many years, was appointed to Guangdong to be sentenced, and he was reunited and reconciled with Su Shi, which made Su Dongpo feel very happy.
Cheng Zhicai is not only the nephew of Su Shi's mother, but also Su Shi's brother-in-law, married to Su Ba niang, one year older than Su Shi, also has a talent for poetry, Su Shi and Su Rui often read and played with Eight Niang when they were young, and their feelings were very deep. It is said that the Cheng family did not like the talented female son of the Eighth Lady, often abused her, and as a result, after giving birth to a son, she fell ill, and the Cheng family actually did not ask for medical treatment. Su Xun was extremely angry and took The Eighth Niang back to the Su family for treatment. Su Ba Niang had just improved, and the Cheng family went to the door to make a noise, but said that the Eighth Niang was a young lady with a temper, did not honor her in-laws, and snatched away the child, so that The Eighth Niang fell ill again and died at the age of nineteen. The Su Xun family was heartbroken and publicly announced that they had broken off relations with the Cheng family.
Statue of Wang Anshi
After his release, Cheng Zhicai belonged to the faction that supported Wang Anshi, while Su Shi initially had similar views with Fan Zhen and Sima Guang, and was not very satisfied with Wang Anshi. In order to support Wang Anshi, Cheng Zhicai once fell into a well and framed Su Shi, which was really bad. However, after Emperor Zhezong succeeded to the throne, Cheng Zhicai was appointed as the shang of Guangdong, and Zhang Wei and other important Cheng Zhicai continued to attack Su Shi, but the result was a one hundred and eighty degree change.
Su Shi was also very worried in Huizhou that Cheng Zhi would continue to be bad for him, and he also entrusted people to test, how to know that Cheng Zhicai was not willing to do it like before, but instead came to visit, the two resolved their years of grievances, and traveled together in Lingnan, singing and singing, and indeed put down a big stone that had accumulated for many years for the elderly Su Shi.
As mentioned earlier, Su Shi was demoted to Lingnan, and the eldest son Su Mai's family and the second son Su Yi could not accompany him, and at first he could only leave his family in Jiangsu and rely on some of Su Rui's Feng Lu to raise them (in fact, Su Rui and Su Shi were degraded together, but Su Rui had served as Zaifu, and the family foundation was better than Su Shi), and later Su Mai asked for shaozhou Renhua order.
Su Shi and Su Guo later used all their savings to build a simple courtyard on the banks of Baihe Peak in Huizhou, and made plans to end up in Lingnan (for example, the famous phrase "three hundred lychees a day, do not quit being a Lingnanian", Su Shi's love for lychees is actually a local idea, Tang Dynasty Yang Guifei likes lychees for a similar reason, they are all from Sichuan Shudi, lychees are equivalent to su Shi and Yang Guifei's favorite "taste of childhood"), Su Guo also became relatives in Huizhou, married Fan Zhen (Sichuan Chengdu, Sima Guangzhi friends, In the early years, Xi Ning wanted to take Su Shizhiyuan with him, but was transferred away from Jingshi by Wang Anshi to Go to Hangzhou, the granddaughter of Fan Baijia.
The following year, Huizhou was hit by a hurricane, and Su Dongpo ordered Su to do "Hurricane Fu", which was well received by the writers after writing it. In the third year of Huizhou, Su Shi had a poem to evaluate Su Guo: "Children cultivate and raise, and they have time to go around for books." It is also said that Su Guo has a qizhi, and his "Ling Yun Fu" gesture is like "Leaving the Riot". During this period, Su Shi's concubine Wang Chaoyun died of an epidemic in the south because of her poor life, and was only thirty-four years old (she died in the third year of Shaosheng, which caused the epidemic after the disaster).
In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), Su Shi again degraded Qiongzhou in Hainan and placed Dan'er County. Su Guo left his wife and children in the new residence of Baihe in Huizhou, and carried the book to cross the sea with his father. This time, Su Shi's friends spread a lot, such as Zhang Qian and Qin Guan were punished. Qin Guan had been degraded since the first year of Shao Sheng, originally in Chuzhou, this time to Hengzhou, Guangxi, and then moved to Leizhou at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Qin Guan and Su Shi corresponded in the last period of time, and after pardon, they also reunited with each other, and as a result, Qin Guan died first, at the age of fifty. Su Shi was very sad and died not long after.
On his way to Hainan, Su Shi had the honor of meeting with his younger brother Su Rui while passing through Fujian. The two went to the seaside in Leizhou to separate (Su Rui was degraded to a state and placed in Leizhou), which was also the last time the brothers met.
At that time, there was no meat and no oil on Hainan Island, and the natives (referring to the ancestors of the Li people) did not speak the language, and even had nowhere to live, so the father and son set up a simple grass hut, and once it rained, it was basically finished. Su Shi later recorded: "There is no meat to eat, no medicine for illness, no room to live in, no friends out, no charcoal in winter, and no cold spring in summer." Father and son have nothing else to do but spend time reading papers.
It was not until the military envoy Zhang Zhong arrived at his post that a slightly decent inn was repaired, and Su Shi's father and son had a place to stay. Su Guo and his father tasted the cold and warmth of the world, from Lingnan to Hainan, Su Guo's poems such as "Title Yu Lonely Platform" were pure and natural, and his bland and open temperament was even more prominent than Su Shi.
In the three years in Hainan, Su Shi was over sixty years old and far away from the wilderness, although he had profound experience, but no matter how otherworldly, after all, he was a mortal who was dying of old age, and seeing that his life was over, there was some unhappiness and unfairness in his heart. On the one hand, Su Guo gradually matured, on the one hand, he was good at observing the sufferings of the people and writing many poems reflecting real life. On the other hand, determined to be bland, Su Guo went to Hainan the following year to write "Zhi Yin Fu", in the form of a guest question and answer, revealing that Hainan will eventually grow old and not try to advance. The mouth of the fake guest depicts the harsh natural environment and persuades the host to try to advance at a young and promising time and get rid of the current shackles. The master listed the hardships and dangers of his career, and tried his best to depict the beautiful mountains and rivers of Hainan and the people of Fu.
It can be imagined that if it were not for the fact that Su Guo, the youngest son who was willing to be bland, took good care of his father, the two had common interests in discussing poetry and interpreting each other, whether Su Shi could survive the seven years in Lingnan and Hainan, and whether he was really like posterity thought that Su Dongpo was optimistic and open-minded all his life, I really dare not imagine.
In the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), Su Shi was pardoned and returned to the north, and died soon after arriving in Changzhou in June of the following year, and Su Mai, Su Yi and Su Guo's brothers were deeply hurt. The following year, he was buried in Xiao'emei Mountain, Yucheng County, Ruzhou, and Su Shi's last words were cloudy: "Taste the love of the mountain shape to win its hometown, so there is a final ambition." Su guo moved to Ruzhou and lived there for a long time.
During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, Cai Jing actually inherited the spirit of the new law and was very ostracized by the children of the old school of Yuanyou. Su was forty-one years old and tax inspector of Taiyuan Province, and at the age of forty-five, he was a tax supervisor in Yingchang Province, and he was a total of no more than seven years old. The rest of the time has been idle in Yingchang Province, continuing to accompany his uncle Su Rui.
Portrait of Su Rui
Su Rui was a suffragan during the reign of Emperor Zhezong, but Cai Jing resolutely refused to take the opportunity after the incident, and Su Rui retired as the Grand Master of the Ether, and died of illness in the second year of Emperor Huizong's reign (1112) at the age of seventy-four. In this year, Su Guo's eldest brother Su Mai dismissed the official and took his family home on a special trip to Yingchang Province to visit his uncle Su Rui's family, including his younger brother Su Guo. Fifty-five-year-old Su Mai was fortunate to finally meet his uncle, and Su Rui also had a poem "Xi Nephew Mai Returns Home".
In his later years, Su Rui always missed his brother, often praised Su for being filial piety and inheriting his brother's talents. In fact, Su Rui also has three sons, Su Chi, Su Shi, and Su Xun. In the Northern Song Dynasty, most of them were also adults and basically unknown, and their three sons were all around Su Rui. After arriving in the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Chi was more prominent, and the Su family in the Southern Song Dynasty still showed their faces, which was basically su rui's descendants.
Su Shi's lifelong setbacks left a distinct mark on Su Rui, Su Guo and other family members, like Su Rui during the reign of Emperor Huizong, who more and more prominently pursued the spirit of Yan Hui, su Guo also admired Tao Yuanming. In The appointment of Yingchang, "creating a lake of yin water bamboo for the admirer to play with several acres", and Tao Yuanming lived in the same jiazi, the place of home was named Xiao Xiechuan, and later Su Guo was called the Xiechuan resident, and even the collection of essays was also called "Xiechuan Collection".
In May of the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123), Su Passed the Power of Zhongshan Prefecture (then part of Dingzhou, Hebei), and at the end of this year, he fell ill and died on the way, only fifty-one years old. Of course, the age is not much old, at that time the Central Plains was already in war, for Su Guo, who had experienced ups and downs all his life, he escaped the great changes at the turn of the two Song Dynasties, perhaps counting the fortunate things of heaven's favor, and he could not bear to be with his father from childhood, Mr. Su, who was displaced from his father, encountered a greater ups and downs in his old age, right?