In 1930, the Headquarters of the Red Army promulgated the Draft Provisional Regulations on the Political Work of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which clearly stipulated that when a political commissar had a dispute with a military commander of the same level, the political commissar had the right to stop the military commander's order, but must immediately report the details of the dispute to the higher authorities: before obtaining instructions from the superior, it must be carried out in accordance with the opinions of the political commissar, and the military commander has the right to appeal to the superior.
That is to say, when there is a dispute between the military commander and the political chief of a unit, the political chief has the final say. However, in the course of many years of actual combat, it was found that most of the political commissars from intellectual backgrounds were not familiar with the military, and the final decision-making power led to many battles, and the battles should not have been lost.
In December 1938, in order to change this situation as much as possible, with the approval of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, the Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army promulgated a new "Interim Regulations on Political Commissars", stipulating: "Military commanders bear greater responsibility in military administration and operational command, but political commissars have the right to stop military commanders' orders when they violate the Party line or do not carry out orders from higher levels." Although this provision expanded the powers of the military commander, the political commissar still had the final say, and it was not until a fierce battle in 1942 that the situation was completely changed.
On May 1, 1942, Okamura Ningji, commander of the North China Garrison Army, gathered 50,000 Japanese troops and, with the cooperation of the Air Force, dispatched hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles.
It has unleashed unprecedented cruelty and barbarism against the military and people of Jizhong."
Iron wall closure
"The kind of sweep. In this sweep, the Japanese army relied on its superior strength and adopted a multi-road dense dragnet tactic to encircle and suppress the eighth route army's base areas, and the troops that the Eighth Route Army did not withdraw in time suffered huge losses, among which the eighth military sub-district of the Jizhong Military Region suffered the heaviest casualties.
The Eighth Military Subdistrict of the Jizhong Military Region is a third-level military region of the Eighth Route Army, which is subordinate to the Jizhong Military Region under the jurisdiction of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, and the size of this military region is not small, and the strength of the troops is equivalent to the size of a brigade. The commander of the Eighth Military Region, Chang Deshan, was an old Red Army officer in 1929, who served as a guard for He Long during the Red Army period, and has since served as a platoon commander, company commander, battalion commander, regiment commander, division chief of staff and other positions. During the forced crossing of the Jinsha River, Chang Deshan led the Red 17th Regiment to block the enemy, win more with less, and severely damage the enemy army, thus buying precious time for the evacuation of the cover troops.
Chang Deshan fought very bravely, and when he fought in the west of Xiang'e, Chang Deshan desperately covered He Long's breakthrough with three bullets in his body, and later Marshal He Long said: "Without Chang Deshan, there would be no He Long." After the Long March of the Red Army, Chang Deshan went to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to study, and after graduation, he served as the leader of the advance detachment of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, led the troops to march to North China, and in 1940 served as the commander of the Eighth Army Division of the Hebei Central Military Region of the Eighth Route Army.
In 1935, Wang Yuanyin, political commissar of the Eighth Military Subdistrict of the Eighth Route Army, joined the "Social Federation", a peripheral revolutionary organization led by the Communist Party of China, and was elected as a member of the Taiyuan City Students' Federation. After that, Wang Yuanyin served as deputy director of the Political Department of the First Military Subdistrict of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, political commissar of the Third Military Subdistrict of the Jizhong Military Region, and political commissar of the Eighth Military Subdistrict.
During the May Day purge in 1942, the concentrated Eighth Military Subdistrict led by Chang Deshan and Wang Yuanyin bore the brunt of the attack and was the first to be attacked by the Japanese army, and the Eighth Military Subdistrict actually realized the seriousness of the situation in April, and began to evacuate the rear urgently, resettled the wounded, and cleared the field.
After the Japanese army's sweeping began, the sub-district organs and the 30th Regiment, the 23rd Regiment Headquarters, and the 23rd Regiment's Second Battalion, led by the commander of the sub-district, Chang Deshan, and the political commissar Wang Yuanyin, and the third battalion were active in the Shenwu Rao'an area and were responsible for commanding the anti-sweeping operations of the troops of the whole sub-district; Kong Qingtong, deputy commander of the military sub-district, led a small number of organ personnel to operate in Renqiu and Hejian areas; and Li Fuwei, chief of staff, led some organ personnel and guard battalions in the Xianxian and Jiaohe areas. Such an operation could disperse the military region's forces and avoid being surrounded and annihilated by the Japanese army.
The Japanese army swept the command, the various units of the Eighth Military Sub-district of the Jizhong Military Region moved back and forth on the outskirts of the Japanese encirclement, originally thinking that the Japanese army would stay for a while and would leave, but this time, whenever the Japanese army was in one place, it would dig and build trenches, build roads, and build artillery towers, posing a posture of long-term defense, and the 23rd regimental headquarters and the three battalions were attacked by the enemy in the area of Zhanggang north of the Tuotuo River, and the losses were serious, the regimental commander Tan Bin and the cadres of the three battalions were all sacrificed, and only Yao Guomin, the political commissar of the regiment, led a small number of people to stand out of the siege and joined the first battalion.
At the end of May, the Japanese army had no intention of withdrawing, and the Jizhong Military Region ordered the Eighth Military Sub-district to transfer to the fraternal military region to preserve its strength in order to avoid greater losses. However, in the process of retreating, Chang Deshan, commander of the Eighth Sub-district, and Wang Yuanyin, political commissar, had differences in their opinions on the breakthrough, and Chang Deshan believed that it was necessary to retreat immediately, but Wang Yuanyin insisted on waiting until he joined the 30 regiments to break through together, and Wang Yuanyin was very happy to see the scene of the people here warmly welcoming the return of the Eighth Route Army, saying that he had just come and left, "it is not good to explain to the masses," and decided to insist on it again.
The two men argued for most of the night, and in the end Chang Deshan could only respect the political commissar's final decision- On June 8, 1942, due to the slow retreat of our army, the Japanese army quickly surrounded the leading organs and subordinate units of the Eighth Army Sub-district at Xuecun. The sub-district organs, under the command of the commander and the political commissar, retreated and broke through to the north.
The second battalion of the 23rd Regiment heroically resisted the Japanese attack in the process of covering the breakthrough of the main force, and finally the whole army was destroyed, but this did not stop the pace of the Japanese army. In the crisis situation, the commander of the sub-district, Chang Deshan, ordered the documents carried by the guards to be burned, the radio was smashed, and the cadres and confidential officers of the organs were allowed to change into the clothes of the common people and disperse the breakthrough, while he himself raised a machine gun to strafe the Japanese army and cover the breakthrough of his comrades.
During the battle, Chang Deshan was shot in many places such as his left hand and head, and finally his left arm and one leg were also broken, but he insisted on not retreating, holding the machine gun with his shoulder and continuing to shoot with his right hand to buy time for the breakthrough troops. In the end, when Chang Deshan sacrificed heroically and the local people collected his body, more than 20 bullet holes were found in his body.
Chang Deshan was only 30 years old at the time of his death, and the child was only born more than a month ago.
After Chang Deshan's death, political commissar Wang Yuanyin continued to command troops to resist the Japanese attack, but in the process of breaking through, his right leg was hit by a Japanese bullet, and Wang Yuanyin did not want to drag the troops down and decisively shot himself. The defeat in the Battle of Snow Village caused a great shock at that time. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, commanders of such a high level sacrificed not without sacrifice, but there has never been an instance of a commander and a political commissar sacrificing at the same time.
On September 1, 1942, the Central Military Commission made a decision to change the provisions on the final decision of the political commissar in the troops, and the military commanders of the troops at or above the regimental level and above were uniformly decided by the military chief of the troops during military operations in the war.