In the second episode of the TV series "Bright Sword", Zhao just went to the independent regiment headquarters to report that Li Yunlong was lying on the kangtou drinking sweet potato roast and chewing peanuts and rice. On the issue of the division of labor, Li Yunlong said to Zhao Gang: "The military and the government are separated, each does its own thing, I have the final say in the matter of fighting, and you have the final say in the affairs of life." In fact, Li Yunlong's statement was not realistic at the time.
In 1930, the Headquarters of the Red Army promulgated the "Draft Provisional Regulations on the Political Work of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", which clearly stipulated: "When a political commissar has a dispute with a military commander at the same level, the political commissar has the right to stop the order of the military commander, but must immediately report the details of the dispute to the higher authority: before obtaining instructions from the superior, it must be carried out in accordance with the opinions of the political commissar, and the military commander has the right to appeal to the superior." ”
This is what we often call "the political commissar has the final say", and this system lasted until September 1, 1942 (before the Battle of Jizhong Snow Village).
Therefore, Zhao Gang's position in the independent regiment at that time was obviously slightly higher than that of Li Yunlong, and it can be said that he was a military and political grasp. This "political commissar system" greatly supported the party's absolute leadership over the army and played a positive role for a long time, but it also brought about painful lessons.
Chang Deshan, commander of the Eighth Subdistrict of the Jizhong Military Region
In the movie "Lü Zhengcao 1942", Chang Deshan, commander of the Eighth Sub-district of the Jizhong Military Region, and Wang Yuanyin, political commissar, were both killed in an anti-sweeping battle. The reason for the death of the two was due to the fact that the two had different opinions on military policy, and Wang Yuanyin, a political commissar who was not good at military affairs, used the "final decision-making power of the political commissar" when the two sides were unable to fight, and rejected the correct opinion of commander Chang Deshan, thus depriving the troops of the best opportunity to break through, and the troops suffered huge losses.
Wang Yuanyin, political commissar of the Eighth Military Subdistrict of the Central Hebei Military Region
It was in May 1942, when the commander of the Japanese North China Front, Okamura Ningji, gathered more than 50,000 troops to launch a brutal "May 1st Sweep" against the Eighth Route Army in the base area of Jizhong Province.
Most of the troops of all sub-districts of the Hebei Central Military Region were transferred out of the central area, and the main forces basically did not suffer major losses. During this period, Chang Deshan, commander of the Eighth Sub-district of the Jizhong Military Region, and Wang Yuanyin, political commissar, led the sub-district organs and the 2 battalions of the 23rd Regiment to be transferred to the Ren (Qiu), He (Jian), and Da (Cheng) areas. At that time, they planned to return to the central area to find a rendezvous of the 30 regiments that had suffered serious losses and lost contact in Wugong Village, Raoyang County, and then immediately went outside.
On June 7, Chang Deshan and Wang Yuanyin led their troops to march into the Wanli area south of the Hesu Highway, contacted the 30th Regiment, and planned to meet on the 8th.
In the evening, the reconnaissance of the sub-district found that the enemy in the Hejian and Suning areas was constantly increasing their troops. Chang Deshan deduced from this that the location of the divisional organs had been exposed, and the enemy could launch a closed siege attack at any time. Next, on the issue of the direction of the transfer of troops, Chang Deshan and political commissar Wang Yuanyin had a disagreement.
Chang Deshan believed that the sub-district organs should quickly move from the central area to the east of the Ziya River before the enemy launched a siege and throw off the Japanese army.
Political commissar Wang Yuanyin advocated meeting with the 30 regiments tomorrow before making a decision. Neither side gave in, and the two argued all night.
In the end, Wang Yuanyin used the "final decision power of the political commissar" to reject the correct proposition of the commander Chang Deshan that the sub-district organs should be moved to the east of the Ziya River overnight.
Although Chang Deshan was able to fight in the habit of fighting and was wise and courageous in fighting against the enemy, at this moment, as a Communist Party member and an old Red Army, he finally respected and obeyed the opinions of political commissar Wang Yuanyin.
According to Wang Yuanyin's opinion, the sub-district organs moved overnight to Xuecun, Dingwang, and Jingke on the south side of the Hesu Road. This area is an old base area with a deep mass base.
At four o'clock in the morning of June 8, Chang Deshan, Wang Yuanyin, and the 2nd Battalion of the 23rd Regiment under them marched through the night to Xue Village in the southeast of Suning County.
After Entering the village, Chang Deshan, Wang Yuanyin, and others had not yet sat down in the house, and the sentries in the front came to report: Fifty or sixty japanese vehicles have come and are advancing toward our garrison, the convoy of cavalry is detouring from both sides, and the enemies in the direction of Suning, Xianxian, and Raoyang are also dispatched at the same time, forming a siege against us.
At this time, the sub-district organ contacted the 30 regiments located in Dingwang Village. At about 5 o'clock, the gunfire first began from the side of Dingwang Village, where the 30th Regiment was located in the northeast direction.
In the face of danger, Chang Deshan gave an unusually resolute order: "The troops will immediately move to the north!" ”
Wang Yuanyin agreed to Chang Deshan's decision, and his heart carried a little guilt. Because through the enemy situation in the past few days, it has been proved that the opinion of the permanent commander is reasonable and correct, and the final decision to exercise it himself has put the troops in a desperate situation.
After all the arrangements were completed, Chang Deshan and Wang Yuanyin led the sub-district organs and nearly a thousand people from the 23rd Regiment and 2 Battalions out of the village, and fought and walked, breaking through to the north of Hesu Road. At this time, there were enemies on all sides, and infantry, automobile teams, and cavalry teams poured into the open plains, shrinking the encirclement circle smaller and smaller.
Chang Deshan then ordered the youth company to seize the favorable terrain and block the Japanese troops in front. The enemy was getting closer and closer, and the sound of gunfire and explosions was all over the place. During the fierce battle, Chang Deshan was shot in the right leg and injured, and several colors were also hung on his body. Chang Deshan then ordered the guards to destroy all the documents they were carrying, and then shouted: "Comrades, resolutely rush out and swear to die as a prisoner!" Come on! ”
At this time, political commissar Wang Yuanyin ran over to check on Chang Deshan's injuries, and shouted to the comrades around him: "Communists, the crucial time has come, leading everyone to break through!" Come on! ”
Chang Deshan took Wang Yuanyin's hand and said, "Political Commissar, the enemy's forces are weak in that direction, so you should lead the troops to break through in that direction!" ”
Wang Yuanyin said firmly, "No! Commander, commander. Cliché, you're right! ”
Chang Deshan looked at Wang Yuanyin affectionately, and at this moment, he did not have the slightest intention of complaining.
Chang Deshan said: "Political Commissar, you must rush out with the radio, and no matter what, you must report the situation to Commander Lü (Lü Zhengcao). ”
Wang Yuanyin said loudly, "No! Old- and often, I want to be with you! ”
Chang Deshan pushed Wang Yuanyin away: "You go quickly!" Then he greeted a machine gunner next to him: "Machine gun! ”
Chang Deshan grabbed a machine gun from the machine gunner's hand and killed the enemies who rushed up one by one. Wounded in his left hand, he pressed his shoulder against the machine gun and continued firing with his right hand.
At this time, a bullet came and just hit Chang Deshan's temple, and Chang Deshan fell in a pool of blood.
Wang Yuanyin ran over and hugged Chang Deshan and shouted vigorously, "Old Chang! Cliché! Unfortunately, Chang Deshan could no longer hear it.
At this time, the Japanese army surrounded and wanted to capture Wang Yuanyin alive. Wang Yuanyin calmly raised his pistol, fired a shot at his temple, and fell on Chang Deshan's side.
In this battle, commander Chang Deshan was killed by 27 bullets, and political commissar Wang Yuanyin committed suicide with a gun. Other cadres who sacrificed their lives included Wang Wei, political commissar of the 30 regiment; Xiao Zhiguo, deputy regiment commander of the 30 regiment; Shen Xiaotian, secretary of the general branch; and Qiu Fuhe, commander of the 2nd battalion of the 23rd regiment.
The sacrifice of General Chang Deshan also made Lü Zhengcao, commander of the Jizhong Military Region, realize the drawbacks of the "political commissar's final decision- power" in fighting wars on the battlefield, and suggested that the Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao abolish this system.
In view of this, the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong made a prudent decision on September 1, 1942: to change the provisions of the political commissar's final decision-making power in the army, and to unify the military operations in the war to be finally decided by the military chief of the army.