Bamboo Jane hidden sleeves began to doubt,
The treasure hunt of Changshan will eventually continue;
Spring and Autumn Warring States Contradictions,
The strategy is amazing.
-----------------------------
In 475 BC, Zhao Jianzi,the patriarch of the Zhao clan of the Jin Dynasty, died, and his eldest son Zhao Wuyi succeeded him as Zhao Xiangzi.
Regarding Zhao Xiangzi, the greatest merit of his life in history is that Zhao Wuxi persisted for several years during the siege of Jinyang, persuaded Wei Han in one fell swoop, joined forces to destroy the Zhi clan, and properly changed the entire historical trend of China.
For details, please pay attention to this headline number, the previous series of "Three Houses Divided into Red and Black".
Today, let's talk about the great talent and contradictions of Zhao Xiangzi, the son of Zhao Xiangzi outside the Siege of Jinyang.
The first thing recorded in the opening chapter of the Zizhi Tongjian is the choice of an heir, which records the story of Zhao Jianzi abandoning the elder and choosing the youngest and choosing Zhao Wuxi as the heir:
Zhao Martin Zhao Jianzi's eldest son was called Bolu, and the youngest son was called Wuxian.
Zhao Jianzi wanted to determine the heir, but he didn't know which one was better, so he wrote his daily admonitions on two pieces of bamboo, handed them to his two sons, and told them both: "But remember well!" ”
Satoshi Daddy
The original text of the "Zizhi Tongjian" wrote that Zhao Jianzi "will be placed behind, and does not know what to establish", which shows that in the matter of establishing an heir, Zhao Jianzi did not approve of the eldest son, Bolu.
At that time, the time was in turmoil, and the six families of the Jin Dynasty were in strife, and two families had been destroyed, and only the four families of Yu Zhi, Han, Wei, and Zhao were fighting for strength.
Among them, the Zhi clan has always been strong, the Zhao clan has been mediating, Zhao Jianzi should feel that non-great sages and great hidden ninjas cannot survive in the chaos of the family, so it may be thought that Zhao Wuxi is more suitable than Beru in this regard, but according to the concept at that time, abolishing Changli is contrary to ethics, so Zhao Jianzi does not know what to do.
The so-called "two perfect laws of peace in the world"? Because there are great pros and cons to being able to choose, there are great advantages and disadvantages, which creates contradictions.
In other words, in order to avoid such contradictions, only by clarifying the pros and cons and making good use of the breaks and breaks can we avoid chaos.
It had been three years since Zhao Jianzi gave his two sons Zhu Jianzi.
One day, Zhao Jianzi suddenly asked about his two sons, and the eldest son, Belu, could not say the words on the bamboo jane; the bamboo jane that questioned him again had long been lost.
Zhao Jianzi also asked the younger son no shirt, Zhao Wuxi can be described as upside down, very skilled, and then asked his bamboo Jane, shirtless Bi Gong Bi Respectfully took out the bamboo Jane from the sleeve and offered it.
Therefore, Zhao Jianzi thought that the shirtless was very virtuous, so he made him the heir.
Mr. Bai Yang commented on this matter:
"Mr. Zhao Wuxi's talent is beyond doubt, but it is a bit strange to immediately take out the bamboo from his sleeve." Bamboo jane is a bulky thing, put in the sleeve for three years, there is no such strange thing in the world. It may be that Mr. Zhao Wuxi buried a secret agent next to his father and got the news earlier. It can only prove his cunning, and it cannot prove that he will be able to bear the burden of humiliation as expected. ”
Mr. Bai Yang questioned the suspiciousness that Zhu Jian had been putting in his sleeve for three years, believing that there was a spy buried next to his old father.
However, Cong's father believes that Mr. Bai Yang's views are remarkable:
What Mr. Bai Yang said offers a possibility of conspiracy theories, the question is, it is not impossible to think like this, but why not think deeper?
In the "Records of History", it is recorded that Zhao Jianzi once arranged for Ziqing to look at his sons when Gubu Ziqing entered the counsel, and Ziqing said that he looked at the shirtless face and looked rich, what was Zhao Jianzi's first reaction? This mother is lowly, Zhai Is also a, and Xi Dao is noble? That is to say, Zhao Wuxi's mother was of a lowly status, so how could it be said that Zhao Wuxi was a nobleman?
Zhao Jianzi can say such a thing when everyone is there, which shows that Zhao Wuxi must have no status in Zhao Jianzi's mind.
And as a courtier, the most snobbish, a second son of a lowly birth who is basically ignored in the eyes of the lord of the house, how many courtiers are willing to turn to and cling to? Is it logical that Zhao Wuxi does not have much political power.
People who don't have much political power have the ability to bury spies around Zhao Jianzi? Or dare to have a spy buried next to the owner of the house?
Ten thousand steps back, even if you have the ability and the courage to arrange a secret agent, this kind of three-year-long especially when it comes to the investigation of the choice of heirs, Cong's father is more inclined to Zhao Jianzi did not consult with the courtiers, it was set up by himself, after three years, he just thought of this matter on a whim, and then suddenly proposed to take the exam, which secret agent can know in advance and inform Zhao Wuxi of this sudden situation?
Therefore, Mr. Bai Yang's argument is still doubtful.
It may be seen in this way that after Zhao Wuxi was originally a lowly woman, and the history records that she was short and ugly, it was really unpleasant in the era when face was important at that time.
Just imagine, as the second eldest son, he has no inheritance qualifications, does not have any sense of existence in the heart of the family master, his face is not pleasing, and most importantly, he does not have any political resources, what can he do at this time?
Cong's father is more inclined to the theory of forbearance, why can't Zhao Wuxi really put the bamboo Jane given by his father in his sleeve every day, and read it every day? Why can't it be Zhao Wuxi who seizes this slightest possibility to show that he is good at concealing patience and good at seizing all opportunities?
As a Shuzi, when he is not happy and has no political resources, he can only temporarily lie down, seize all the events that may have a follow-up impact, and gradually make the balance slowly shift, after all, for the shirtless people at that time, Zhao Jianzi gave the bamboo Jane this thing, read it well, reading in the sleeve of the sleeve every day is the only choice, you don't have the capital to waste any possible opportunity, but if you seize it, is there a slight possibility?
In history, there are not many examples of this kind of good at forbearance and eventually becoming a big thing, such as lying on the salary and tasting the guts, Zhu Yuanzhang's high wall, accumulating grain, slowly becoming the king; the nine sons of the Kangxi period took the throne, and so on, when external factors were unfavorable to themselves, hidden forbearance took the lead, accumulated internal shows, seized all external opportunities, sought the slightest possibility, and slowly sought the last momentum.
The "Chronicle of History" also records the story of Zhao Jianzi's heir, but it is not the Shujian incident that prompted Zhao Jianzi to make up his mind to change his second son's shirtlessness in the history:
One day, Gubu Ziqing met Zhao Jianzi, so Zhao Jianzi called several sons to let him see who had the face to become the heir.
Ziqing looked at it and said, "There are no people among these people who can be generals." ”
Zhao Jianzi said, "Is this the end of the Zhao clan' successors?" ”
Ziqing said, "I also saw a son on the way here, probably your son too, right?" ”
Zhao Jianzi remembered this and asked someone to call out to his son Zhao Wuxi.
As soon as Zhao Wuxi arrived, Ziqing stood up and said, "This is the real general!" ”
Zhao Jianzi said, "This child's mother is lowly, a maid from Zhai, so how can we say that he is noble?" Zi Qing said, "Given by Heaven, even if you are born humble, you will certainly be able to become noble in the future." ”
Satoshi Dad:
First: Zhao Wuxi has a very low sense of existence in the eyes of Zhao Jianzi, Zhao Jianzi originally wanted to see which son had the face of inheritance by looking at the picture, and as a result, Zhao Wuxi did not even have the qualifications to be confronted on the stage, that is to say, Zhao Jianzi did not consider this person at all in the matter of establishing an heir.
Second: Zhao Jianzi bluntly said in front of everyone that Zhao Wuxi was from a humble origin, which shows that Zhao Wuxi did not even have a little dignity in addition to having no impression in his father's heart, and had reached the level of ignoring it.
Since the incident, Zhao Jianzi often called his sons to talk, and his shirtless performance was the best.
Satoshi Dad:
The impression gradually improved, and the degree of attention gradually deepened.
Zhao Jianzi once told his sons, "I hid a treasure rune on changshan mountain, and whoever found it first had a reward." ”
The sons all rushed to the Changshan Mountain to look for it, but they worked for half a day and found nothing. Only Zhao Wuxi came back and said, "I have found the treasure rune." ”
Zhao Jianzi said, "Tell me about it?" What did you find? ”
Wu Zi said: "Looking down from Changshan Mountain, you can see the DaiGuo, and the Daiguo can be seized according to this." ”
Zhao Jianzi deeply believed that Shirtless was a virtuous talent, so he deposed Prince Beru and made Shirtless the heir.
The reason why Zhao Jianzi of Zhao Jianzi as the heir recorded in the "Zizhi Tongjian" is because of Shujian and the reason for the "Records of History" is because of his vision and talent, which roughly seems to be a little more advanced in the "Records of History", and even from the point of view of the idea, the stories recorded in the "Records of History" are more focused on Zizhi and are more suitable as the subject of the emperor's textbook, but why is the "Zizhi Tongjian" partial to the small things such as Shujian ?
It may be because there is Sima Guang's long discussion on the virtuous talent later, Sima Guang opens two things, one is to say that the Zhi clan chooses the heir, the other is to say that the Zhao clan chooses the heir, may want to choose the unethical person to die through the Zhi clan, the Zhao clan chooses the virtuous person to exist, to argue his point of view, the monarch should pay attention to virtue in the employment of people, rather than have the virtue and no talent.
Regardless of whether Sima Guang has selfish intentions for this argument, just to say this argument, for the employment of people, this dichotomy of virtue and talent is really undesirable, this argument is like a child looking at the world, people only have good people and bad people? Good or bad?
If we have to look at talents simply in this dichotomy, Cong's father actually believes that Cao Cao's "Order for Meritocracy" is more worthy of reference and use by the king.
Far from saying, let's say that the Warring States Qin and Han, the god of war Wu Qi, are you talented? One of the Ten Philosophers of the Wu Temple, Guo Moruo commented on Wu Qi's military and Sun Wu's, saying that politically comparable to Shang Martingale, but what about private morality? If you kill your wife and ask for a general, your mother is bereaved, and your private morality is lacking, if according to Sima Guang's argument, you should completely abandon it, but does someone use it? Yes, Wei Wenhou used it, King Chu Mo used it, and what about the results? Cao Cao commented that "in Wei, the Qin people did not dare to go east, and in Chu, the three Jins did not dare to plot south."
Besides, the more famous in the military, the more the better, the Marquis Han Xin of Huaiyin, did not need to exaggerate himself, and Han Xin on private virtue could not bear to look at it carefully, right?
There are also Shang Martingale, Li Si, and so on, Wei Wenhou uses Wu Qi, Han Gaozu uses Han Xin, Qin Xiao uses Shang Martingale, and Shi Huang uses Li Si because these kings are confident that they can hold on, and in the words of Han Xin Liu Bang's answer, "Your Majesty cannot be a general, but a good general, this is the reason why this letter is His Majesty's bird", Qianlima often exists, and Bole is not often there, genius is discovered by another day, the king did not abandon them because of the loss of private morality, and these good talents who have lost their private virtues are also able to leave a brilliant chapter in the torrent of history by meeting the Lord.
However, what is clearly visible is that behind the support of the idea of "meritocracy", the king himself needs to have a very high personality charm and the ability to control his subordinates, which is not as simple as simply applying the moral talent formula.
Throughout the ages, how many monarchs have been able to discover or be willing to admit that their personality is not good or their ability to control their subordinates is too weak? Someone has to say, king, you can't find it yourself, don't you still have so many courtiers? Then again, what teacher has found that the monarch lacks these outspoken words, or dares to teach the monarch to strengthen his ability in this regard? The lesser of two evils, why not apply a simple formula directly, the dichotomy of virtue and talent is simple and clear.
On the other hand, "having both ability and virtue is sacred" has always been the "Tao" to be promoted by Confucianism, so the pragmatic theory of "meritocracy" can only be hidden in the "unspoken rules" of the king's employment of people, and there is no way to take it out and publicize it.
After the treasure hunt in Changshan, there is also an incident recorded in the "Records of History":
Zhao Wuxian's sister was the queen of daiguo. After Zhao Jianzi's death, the bones were not cold, and Zhao Wuxi had not yet removed his mourning clothes, so he went to the north to climb The Summer House Mountain (in the territory of the Daiguo) and invited his brother-in-law Dai Wang to go up the mountain to drink, and the Dai Wang came directly without any defense.
During the banquet, Zhao Wuxi asked the chef to take a copper spoon to invite the Dai Wang and his entourage to eat, and when pouring wine, he secretly ordered his men to kill the Dai Wang and the entourage with the copper spoon of the wine, and then immediately raised an army to conquer the Dai Kingdom.
Zhao Wuxi's sister, the queen of the Daiguo, knew about this, cried at the Cangtian, sharpened the hairpin , that is, the hairpin — and committed suicide. Daidai took great sympathy for her and called the place where she committed suicide the Mountain of JĪ.
There are many versions of the history books about the extinction of the Zhao Wuxian Dynasty, such as the Lü Shi Chunqiu, the Warring States Policy, and the Records of history, and each version describes the process of the extinction of the dynasty similarly, but the accounts of the time of the incident, especially when and by whom Zhao Wuxi's sister arranged to marry the queen of the daiwang and the daiguo, have different theories.
Is all this a deliberate plot by Zhao Wuxi? Or is it his pushing the boat?
According to the "Records of History", it is not clearly stated who was the master who married Zhao Wuxi's sister to the Dai Wang, but only said that "Xiangzi's sister was formerly the Dai Wang's wife." That is to say, the sister of Zhao Xiangzi Zhao Wuxian was once the wife of the DaiWang.
However, in the "Spring and Autumn of the Lü Clan" and "Warring States Policy", it is clearly written that it was Zhao Wuxi who made the master to marry his sister to the acting king, and then deliberately flattered and deceived the king's trust, and during the mourning period, he asked the king to drink alcohol and secretly ordered his subordinates to kill him.
Tough enough!
Because his father Zhao Jianzi did not appoint his elder brother Belu as the heir, which was contrary to the patriarchal tradition, although Zhao Wuxi had five sons, he refused to appoint his own son as the heir.
After Zhao Wuxian deceived and killed the Dai King and destroyed the Dai Kingdom, he enfeoffed Zhao Bolu's son Yu Dai Guo and called Dai Chengjun; Dai Chengjun died early; and zhao Huan, the son of Dai Chengjun, was also appointed as the heir of the Zhao family.
However, after Zhao Wuxi's death, Zhao Huanzi, his younger brother Zhao Huanzi, expelled Zhao Huan and established himself as the monarch.
Unexpectedly, Zhao Hengzi also died a year after succeeding to the throne.
At this time, the people of the Zhao family said: "Zhao Huanzi's idea of being the monarch of the country was not Zhao Wuxi's idea. "Together, everyone killed Zhao Huanzi's son, and then welcomed back Zhao Huan (that is, the son of Zhao Wuzi's brother Bolu) and became the monarch, which was Zhao Xianzi.
Zhao Xianzi had a son named Zhao Yuan, who was the Marquis of Zhao Lie, the lord of the Zhao clan in the three jin incidents.
The book "Zizhi Tongjian" begins the book with the three branches of jin in 403 BC, and Sima Guang has already stated his reasons at the beginning of the chapter, believing that the three branches of jin are the symbolic beginning of the collapse of etiquette and bad music, and thus open the era of "the world is strong with intelligence".
Looking at the Spring and Autumn Warring States, we find that these two eras have very distinct characteristics, the Spring and Autumn Period follows the "rites", the Warring States still "force", the Spring and Autumn Respect "righteousness", and the Warring States worship "benefit".
Mr. Gu Yanwu once said in the "Rizhilu" that "in the Spring and Autumn Period, judas honor and honor and re-believe, while the Seven Kingdoms never speak of etiquette and faith... There is no fixed relationship between the state and no fixed lord. ”
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many deeds of honor and trust, such as Guan Zhong persuading Duke Huan of Qi not to violate Cao Mo's alliance, Duke Wen of Jin retreating from the Three Houses, and the most famous Battle of Hongshui:
The "Records of History" records that Song Xianggong and King Cheng of Chu fought in Hongshui, and Song Xianggong adhered to the ancient law, opposed the "half-crossing attack", and refused to take advantage of the chaos to attack during the Chu army crossing the river several times, until after the Chu army was lined up, it was dueled with several times the number of Chu troops, and finally the army was defeated.
These people in our modern people seem almost "stupid pig-style benevolent morality", because in the Spring and Autumn Period, the idea of "soldiers are not tired of deception" was not born or perfected, and the confrontation between the two armies at that time paid attention to "taking war as etiquette", that is, the two sides of the battle "settled the day and the ground, each side lived on one side, fought with drums, and did not deceive each other." Horizontal array, frontal greeting, dignified, do not talk about strange changes, do not know how to strange changes.
It was not until the tactical grandfather fought two battles that were not "stupid" in the eyes of modern people, that the concept of "soldiers and devious ways" blossomed in China's ancient war machine, and there were many wonderful war arts that amazed us modern people.
The collision of the two ideas will always appear all kinds of contradictions, people who adapt to the deceitful thinking can always get benefits from the gentleman who follows the etiquette and reverence, the king of Chu is still following the faith of the gentleman, so the king of Chu is eventually deceived and killed in a foreign country, the king of chu also looks foolishly deceived and killed, and the Qin state uses Zhang Yi, Shang Martin and other "cunning" disciples, and finally wins the world.
Although the words are biased and the examples are relatively inappropriate, you can feel that meaning is in it.
Judging from Zhao Xiangzi's deception and murder of his brother-in-law Dai Wang, and the making of Zhi Bo's skull into a wine vessel, he was an extremely barbaric and cruel person.
However, judging from his adherence to etiquette, his treatment of the assassin Yu Rang with courtesy, and the descendants of his eldest brother Boru who finally returned to the government, he was also a person who had a spring and autumn legacy and paid attention to spring and autumn etiquette.
It can be said that Zhao Wuxi's combination of the civilized etiquette of the Spring and Autumn Period and the barbarism and brutality of the Warring States is an out-and-out contradiction, and the contradictions in his life also highlight how the individuals who were contradictory in that era under the conflict of two ideas survived.
At the same time, it is precisely this contradictory situation in the Spring and Autumn Warring States two thousand years ago that allows us to see that the sages of the sons, according to different value judgments, used different schools of thought to propose different social and ideological solutions, and the fierce confrontation and mutual criticism of various ideas and schools brought about the conflict, renewal and integration of academic ideological systems, thus forming the most brilliant era of ideology and culture in Chinese history, and the stars twinkling.
Past Highlights:
"Zizhi TongJian Red and Black" - three families are divided into jin red and black < >
The three families of Zizhi Tongjian Red and Black divide jin red and black < two > zhi bo sodi and Zhao Xiangzi's countermeasures
The three families of Zizhi Tongjian Red and Black divide Jin Hong and Black < the arrogance of zhibo and the flooding of Jinyang >
The three families of Zizhi Tongjian Red and Black divide the Jin Red and Black < the connection between the death of Zhi Bo and the unification of the Qin Dynasty > the fourth