The han dynasty has a very high status in Chinese history, leaving us with the impression of being mighty and magnificent, and the back and dreams it cast are worth remembering and tasting. And Liu Bang, as the founding emperor of such a great empire, can be described as a rare hero in a hundred years. He was born in a small county town, and at the age of 30, he was still only a minor official in this county town, but he later overthrew Qiang Qin, defeated Xiang Yu, and finally ascended the throne. It's unbelievable! As his story spread among the people, the emperor has been overshadowed with a strong layer of legend.
Han Gao Zu Liu Bang
Celestial noble Surabaya pavilion chief
Liu Bang was born in a very ordinary peasant family in Pei County, Jiangsu Province, his father was called Liu Taigong, his mother was called Liu Taibo, he ranked fourth in the family, so people called him Liu Ji. Legend has it that something unusual happened at the time of his birth: one day, Mrs. Liu was sleeping by the lake, dreaming of being in harmony with the gods, and the sky was dark and dark, and the lightning and thunder were thundering. Liu Taigong saw that his wife had been out for a long time and had not returned, so she was very worried, so she went out to find her. He found Mrs. Liu asleep by the lake, and there was a dragon coiled around her. Shortly thereafter, Mrs. Liu became pregnant and gave birth to a baby boy.
When the child was born, he looked very good, with a high nose and a broad forehead, and the family was very happy, and the neighbors praised it. But the baby had seventy-two black moles on his left leg, which made people wonder, and everyone thought that this child might be unusual. Liu Bang gradually grew up, with a slender neck and beautiful hair, and indeed grew into a beautiful man. However, the praise of the past is no longer there, only to hear the neighbors say sarcastically: "The long is good-looking, but he is a leper." He doesn't love to read, and he doesn't love to work, so he loves to brag and be bossy, and he is also greedy for wine and lust. Do you still expect him to have a chance in the future?" Liu Bang's parents were even more disappointed, and his father also called him a "scoundrel." Liu Bang was very unconvinced, and said slyly: "I just don't like to read, I hate those Confucians, everyone is permeated with a sour energy, as if they just crawled out of the vinegar tank, and they can't do anything practical." I think the eldest husband should be like Qin Shi Huang! Looking at the grandeur of his parade, I was so envious!" Liu Taigong said: "You will brag, you are nothing now!"
Therefore, when Liu Bang was in his thirties, he tried to become an official and became the chief of the Surabaya Pavilion. Although he was only a petty official, he was also considered to be an improvement compared to before. But he still did not change his nature, often mixed with the servants on duty, drank on credit in the tavern, drank drunk, and fell to the ground and could not get up. The people in the shop couldn't do anything with him, so they had to let him sleep. When the snoring gradually began, the shopkeeper suddenly noticed a dragon circling behind his right, and he was stunned. The shopkeeper thought he had seen it wrong, rubbed his eyes, and the dragon was still there. Later, the shopkeeper repeatedly observed this phenomenon, and he looked at Liu Bang with surprise. At the end of the year, he wrote off his accounts and never asked him for debts.
Stills of Liu Bang
This strange thing was passed down ten times, ten times a hundred, and Liu Bang himself heard about it. So he became even more arrogant and disrespectful to the other officials in the county. At that time, Lü Gong, who was already very famous, came to the county Ling's house as a guest in order to avoid revenge, and the county officials heard that they all came to send gifts and congratulations, and at that time, Xiao He, as the chief official of the yamen, considered that there were not enough seats in the hall, he announced to the guests, "All those who have less than a thousand gift money, please sit under the hall." Liu Bang thought that it was not interesting to sit under the hall, so he played a rogue nature and lied about ten thousand, and Lü Gong, surprised by the number, personally greeted him at the door and led Liu Bang to the hall. The officials in the hall began to talk about it a lot, and Xiao He quietly said to Lü Gong: "Liu Ji has always liked to brag, and he rarely can do what he says." Lü Gong only cared about Liu Bang's appearance and waved his hand to signal Xiao He to retreat, but Xiao He had no choice but to give up. Towards the end of the banquet, Lü Gong gave Liu Bang a look and asked him to stay. When the others were gone, Lü Gong said to Liu Bang with a little excitement: "When I was a child, I liked to show people, I saw many people, but none of them looked as noble as you. But your reputation doesn't seem to be very good, I hope you love yourself more," Said Lu Gong, who groaned a little and said, "I have a daughter, and I want to marry her to you." Liu Bang was embarrassed, busy with this matter, and then secretly rejoiced in his heart. Isn't that the pie of the world? Go home and tell your family, and the family can't help but be overjoyed, saying that this boy is blessed and has climbed Miss Qianjin. This lady was the future Empress Lü, and she and Liu Bang gave birth to Emperor Xiaohui and Princess Lu Yuan.
Their marriage was quickly completed, and Lü Gong did not find a bigger official for his son-in-law through his network of connections. Liu Bang is still a district chief, and he often takes leave to go home to farm, and such a young lady as Lü Hou also bends to weed in the field. What a long-sighted, very patient father and daughter. Although heaven loves Liu Bang, "Heaven will descend upon the Si people, and they will first suffer their hearts and minds and work their bones and bones...", which has almost become a truth. As Liu Bang's wife, Lü Hou had to suffer not only from hard work, but also with separation. Once Liu Bang carried out a mission and sent a group of people to Lishan to serve in labor, and many people escaped on the way. Liu Bang wanted to go on like this and couldn't make a difference, so he might as well let everyone go, so he stopped hurrying. In the evening, Liu Bang announced his plan: "You have no way to live when you get to Lishan Mountain, even if you can leave a small life to go home, you don't know that you have to wait until the Year of the Monkey and the Moon of The Horse, so it is better to escape now and find a way to live." Let's go, and I'll run for my life. Everyone was very grateful to him, and several young and strong young people were willing to flee with him. So they hid in the deep mountains and lakes around Mang and Yan. Lü Hou took someone to look for him, always found, Liu Bang felt very strange and asked what was going on. Lü Hou said: "There is often a kind of cloud above the place where you hide, follow the cloud, we will find you" Liu Bang was very happy, thinking that he had a dragon to follow, and there was a cloud cover, and there must be an extraordinary fate. Qin Shi Huang often said that there was the qi of the Son of Heaven in the southeast direction. Liu Bang thought to himself: Could it be that the cloud qi that covers me is the qi of the Heavenly Son? As a result, the rumors that Liu Bang was likely to be the next emperor went unnoticed, and at that time, when the King of Qin was tyrannical, some people had the intention of overthrowing the King of Qin, and they all came to join Liu Bang.
After some time, in the autumn of the first year of Qin II, Chen Sheng launched an anti-Qin uprising, and all the counties and counties responded, killing local officials. Peixian County Ling was also frightened, and listened to Xiao He and Cao Shan's advice to summon back those who had fled within Liu Bang, hoping to control the people through them. However, when Liu Bang returned to Pei County, the county order regretted it again, after all, the Qin Dynasty was still very powerful, in case the princes were suppressed, did he not commit the crime of rebellion? So he closed the gates of the city and defended them tightly to prevent them from entering the city. Fortunately, Liu Bang thought of a brilliant plan, found a handkerchief, wrote a letter and shot it with an arrow, which read: "People, we have suffered enough from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, and now the princes everywhere have raised troops, and Pei County will also be slaughtered." If you can kill the county order together and elect a person who can be the leader to respond to the princes, your family can be saved. Otherwise, young and old will be killed, it is not worth it. For this reason, the people's hearts were encouraged, and they really killed the county order, opened the city gate, welcomed Liu Bang into the city, and unanimously elected him as the new county order. Liu Bang pushed back again and again, and everyone said, "Usually, we have heard all kinds of strange stories about you, saying that you will definitely be able to become noble." Now no one else is afraid to take the lead, and there is no better candidate than you. So Liu Bang was made the Duke of Pei, and from then on, a journey of the Eastern Expedition and the Western War was unfolded in front of this daring hero, and Liu Bang's path of heavenly son began the first step!
Thick and thin
In the "History, The Biography of Li Sheng Lu Jialie", it is recorded that there was a scholar in his sixties named Li Shiqi, whose family was poor, but who had a very high self-esteem, and looked down on those mediocre officials who were red tape and could not listen to generous words. Therefore, he only took a small history, lived a reclusive life, and was called "crazy life" by the people in the county, but he looked at Liu Bang. At that time, when Liu Bang came to Li Shiqi's residence by attacking the city and plundering the land, Li Shiqi had long heard that Liu Bang was very arrogant and looked down on others, but there were many far-reaching strategies. It was this kind of person whom Li Shi wanted to follow, so he asked for an introduction. The introducer said, "Don't you know? Pei Gong hates readers like you the most. If he sees you wearing hats, he will throw your hats on the ground. When others talk to him, he also scolds at every turn. I see you still don't want to see him, save yourself the humiliation. Li Shiqi still did not change his mind, and retorted: "Tell him that I am not a Confucian, I am a drunkard." Later, Liu Bang did summon him at the hostel where he lived. After li shiqi arrived, he first presented his business card, only made a stroke, and did not bow down. Seeing that Liu Bang was still sitting on the edge of the bed with two legs outstretched and asking the two maids to wash his feet, he felt a little unhappy in his heart, so he said: "Does Pei Gong want to help the Qin kingdom to fight against the princes, or do you want to lead the princes to destroy the Qin state?" When Liu Bang heard this, he began to scold: "You are a slave confucian, you really don't know the current affairs, the world has suffered enough from the Qin Dynasty, and you still ask me if I can help him fight the princes?!"
Liu Bang's words and deeds can be described as showing his "old and rough nature", such a person in the contemporary era will definitely be looked at and discriminated against, and scolded as "unqualified" and "uncultured", why would "crazy" Li Shiqi look up to him? Li Shiqi had a comment about him: "The king of Han collected the soldiers of the world, and after the establishment of the princes." To descend the city is to hou qi general, to get bribes is to divide his soldiers, to share his interests with the world, to be heroic and talented, and to be happy to use them..." It can be seen that although Liu Bang did not have the literary and polite nature advocated by Confucius, he had a benevolent heart, which is the so-called "solo music, not like music.". Some people have also said: "Don't look down on the old coarse, many intellectuals who were emperors in history did not show up." The Sui Emperor was a man who could write poetry, and Lord Chen Hou and Lord Li Hou were all people who could write poetry, but they all quickly perished, but some old and rough people could do big things, like Genghis Khan, Liu Bang, and Zhu Yuanzhang. In fact, Liu Bang's success is certainly not because he is an "old man", nor is it just because he is "heavenly and noble", he has also gone through a difficult struggle.
After Liu Bang became the Duke of Pei, he was equivalent to a leader of the peasant rebel army. At that time, their first task was to overthrow the rule of Hu Hai of Qin II. After Chen Sheng's death, the peasant rebel army began to become scattered, and the combat effect was extremely poor. In order to unify the battle, Xiang Liang summoned the leaders of the rebel armies in various places and held a military conference in Xue County, in which Liu Bang was also among them. After the Xue County Conference, Liu Bang fought jointly with Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu and defeated the main force of the Qin army many times. Liu Bang repeatedly made military achievements but was humble and cautious, while Xiang Liang was proud of his repeated victories and neglected his guard. At the Battle of Dingtao in September of the second year of Qin II, the rebel army was defeated by the Qin army, Xiang Liang himself was killed, and Xiang Yu led the rebel army to continue fighting the Qin army. After the Battle of Dingtao, the King of Chuhuai moved from Xutai to Pengyue, and the peasant rebel army determined the strategic decision of Rending Guanzhong.
In September of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), King Huai of Chu agreed with various princes that "whoever stays in Guanzhong first will be crowned king", at that time, the Qin army was still very powerful, often defeating the peasant army, so everyone did not feel that it was a favorable thing to take the lead in attacking Guanzhong. Xiang Yu wanted to repay the Qin army for killing Xiang Liang's revenge, Liu Min reported that the army had taken revenge on Ji Mingping, and asked to join Pei Gong and ask to attack Guanzhong west with Pei Gong. Some of king Huai's veteran generals thought that Xiang Yu was cunning and fierce, so it was better to send the more loyal and benevolent Liu Bang to attack Guanzhong. King Huai of Chu took the advice of the veteran generals and finally decided to have Liu Bang lead his troops to the four guanzhongs. This can be said to be Liu Bang's first victory against Xiang Yu in terms of winning people's hearts.
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, the struggle of the peasant army against Qin was transformed into a struggle for power and profit between the leaders of the peasant army, the most important of which was the five-year-long Chu-Han War between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, the two main anti-Qin forces. This war reflected Liu Bang's talents more than the previous battle against Qin.
Chu and Han contended for hegemony
In these five years, Liu Bang was always defeated and always in a weak position, but there were always people who gave him advice, and he himself was also as good as a stream. Now, the competition between countries is the competition of talents, and it was the same at that time. In the Battle of Xingyang, the Han army was cut off by the Chu army, because in Rongyang, if captured by the Chu army, it would be in danger of life. Liu Bang was very anxious, and even Zhang Liang, the zhi duoxing, was helpless. Just when they were worried, a general from the army came in, and he declared his generosity and willingness to repay Liu Bang's kindness, and this person was the Han general Ji Xin. He whispered to Liu Bang; "For several months, the king is trapped here again, and he is afraid that his soldiers will run out of food, so it is better to sit and wait for death than to break out." But now that you are being attacked on all sides, it is better that I go out on behalf of the king and surrender, and then you will take the opportunity to escape. Liu Bang was very touched when he heard this, and said with tears: "The general is so loyal, I hope that heaven can bless the general." Ji Xin saw that Liu Bang was so emotional, and said that death was worth it.
Therefore, Liu Bang summoned Chen Ping and told him what Ji Xin was willing to surrender, but how to escape was still a problem. Chen Ping thought about it, and Liu Bang repeatedly praised it. So he immediately wrote a letter of surrender to Xiang Yu, claiming that he would surrender that night. The Chu army was very happy, but when it came to the night, they first found a group of women wearing armor walking out of the city, they were suspicious and interesting, many people came to see the liveliness, and the guards at the city gate also let down their vigilance. At this time, Liu Bang took the opportunity to mix away. The famous "Hongmen Banquet" in the calendar is also Zhang Liang's plan, and the ministers and Liu Bang were able to escape. Therefore, some people today jokingly call him Xiao Qiang, who cannot die.
Another time When Chu and Han fought each other for a long time and still had no victory or defeat, the soldiers and generals were tired, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu talked across the Guangwu Stream, Xiang Yu said I want to fight with you, Liu Bang knew that he could not beat him, so he pursued the strategy of "a gentleman does not move his mouth", began to count Xiang Yu's guilt, and even said ten in one breath, and finally asked Ah Q: "Why does Lao Tzu have to challenge you?" Xiang Yu heard the anger and shot him with a dark arrow. Liu Bang was injured in the chest, but he held his foot and said, "This thief shot me in the toe!"
Hongmen Feast
Later, after a few more rounds, the scheming Liu Bang finally defeated Xiang Yu, who was flesh and blood, and surrounded his army under the siege. Xiang Yu broke through unsuccessfully and committed suicide by the Wu River. Liu Bang finally seized the world, and after establishing the capital, he held a celebration banquet at the Nangong Palace in Luoyang. At the banquet, he talked and laughed, and analyzed the lessons of the victory and defeat of the two sides of the Chu-Han War with the crowd. Gao Qi and Wang Ling said, "The reason why Your Majesty was able to defeat Xiang Yu was because His Majesty was able to share weal and woe and hardship with everyone, but Xiang Yu was selfish and selfish." Liu Bang thought that what they said was reasonable, but did not say the most important thing. He summed up the reasons for his victory: "In the midst of strategizing, I am not as good as Zhang Liang; On comforting the people and supplying grain and grass, I am not as good as Xiao He; On leading millions of troops, fighting decisive battles on the battlefield, and winning hundreds of battles, I am not as good as Han Xin. However, I can make good use of their talents, which is the real reason why we have won. As for Xiang Yu, he only had Fan Zeng available, but he was suspicious of him, which was the reason for his ultimate failure. "Know thyself and know the other, confident and trustworthy." When you are a leader, you should be like this.