【Old Jia Spray Air】
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The place where we live was first called "Xu". Some people speculate that because of the origin of the promise, it is called here. The initiator did not examine, while others wrote articles that followed suit. The three became tigers, and it seemed to be a foregone conclusion. In this regard, the contempt is not appropriate.
Another friend recorded a story: one day at noon, Xu You was working in the field, a big goose in the air chirped and flew by, and Xu Yu created the word "Xu" according to the "noon bird language". The people who made this story are smart, and it's not impossible to tell this story as a legend, but we can't treat this story as a real thing. (Want to see what old Jia squirted back and forth?) Welcome to click on the following link to enjoy: Fuxi, the ancestor of humanities, once lived in this cave in Yuzhou)
It is difficult to directly prove this problem with the literature of the time, because the earliest script found in China is the Shang Dynasty script. For this question, we can only infer from later literature or research results.
The results of surname research and pre-Qin literature are proof
It is impossible for Xu Yu to be given a place name by human surname
In ancient China, there were eight famous surnames: Ji, Yao, Concubine, 姒, Jiang, 嬴, 姞, 妘. How did these eight surnames come about? The Yellow Emperor lived on the shore of Ji Shui, that is, took Ji as his surname; when Emperor Yan lived next to Jiang Shui, he took Jiang as his surname. The father gave his son the surname of Ming.
Sima Qian said in the "History of the Five Emperors": "The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, and fourteen of them have the surname. In the Three Sayings, Xu Chen explains: "Of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen of whom had the surname of Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Xun, Jiao, Jiao, Yi, and Yi were also. However, Qingyang and Yigu share their surnames. "There are place names first, and then surnames are given according to place names, and the results of surname research experts are consistently indicated.
In the Zhou Dynasty, the clans of the princes were generally given according to the names of the places they were divided into. In a princely country, the monarch divided his sons and courtiers into a place, and also gave him the name of the place as a clan.
For example, Uncle Wen was a descendant of Emperor Yan, belonging to the surname of Jiang, and was divided into Xu Land, which was called Xu Wenshu. Martingale was sealed to shangdi, which was called shangmartin. King Cheng of Zhou enfeoffed his younger brother Shu Yu to the former Tang Kingdom, and Shu Yu was called Tang Shu Yu. King Kang of Zhou enfeoffed his uncle Yu Shaozi Gongming to Jia, and Gongming was called Jia Gongming. Later, the Duke of Jin Xiang sealed his cousin Fox Shoot Gu to Jia, and Fox Shoot Gu was called Jia Ji.
In addition, there are also names based on official rank. In the pre-Qin literature, such records abound, but there is no example of first setting a clan for a person and then naming a place according to the person's clan.
Some friends may ask, the current "Zhang Zhuang" and "Li Village" are not the surnames of Zhang and Li who came here to live here, and then named this place accordingly? Yes, that's right. However, this is what happened after the qin dynasty surname was unified and the children followed the father's surname, and there was no such thing before the Qin dynasty, as evidenced by the pre-Qin literature.
Perhaps some friends believe that in the "Biography of Shi Ji Bo Yi Lie", it is said: "Yao let the world be xu yu, Xu Yu was not subjected, shame was ashamed, and escaped." In the book, he is called "Xu You" before he escapes, doesn't that mean that he was originally called Xu You? I don't think it can be understood that way. This is Sima Qian's paraphrasing of others, and he is talking about this matter after Xu You's death, of course, it can be called so.
For example, the "Huan" of the Duke of Qi Huan was a nickname he added after his death, and later generations can also call him the Duke of Qi Huan when talking about his deeds during his lifetime. Mao Ailian was originally named "Yang She'er", and was sold to the Mao family at the age of 9 to change her name to Mao Ailian. Now to talk about her childhood, to say that "Mao Ailian was born in a poor peasant family", which is true, but it does not mean that she was called Mao Ailian when she was young.
Xu You's relationship with Boyi proves that Xu You's surname is Jiang
Before coming to Xu, what Xu You's surname was, the literature did not clearly record. However, after Bo Yi was Emperor Yan, the surname Jiang was clearly recorded. What is the relationship between Xu You and Bo Yi? The literature I have seen has been categorized as follows:
A. It is clearly stated that it is a inheritance relationship.
The Jin Emperor FuMi's "Biography of Gao Shi" records that after Xu You's death, he "served five mountains". The "Five Mountains" are Bo Yi. "The Ram's Tale and the Three Years of The Duke": "The king will be matched by his ancestors." Han He Xiu's note: "Match, match food also." From this, it can be seen that Boyi is xu You's ancestor.
"History of the Origin of the Hsu Clan in the Philippines": Bo Yibi Xu Yugao III, is Xu You's great-grandfather.
The Southern Song Dynasty Xu Cunxin's "Genealogy of the Bilingfu Pepper Xu Clan": "Gou Long sheng and yu ,...... Born Bo Yi and Yao Si Yue. Xu You is Bo Yi's uncle.
B. It seems to be a person, and it seems to be a inheritance relationship.
Yan Shigu's "Urgent Article" "Xu Zhonggu" article notes: "Xu Shi, Xu Yu after that." Taiyue Zhiyin, who had Jiang Xin, was sealed in Xu Guo. "Here it is said that Xu Shi is after Xu You, and Jiang Xin (Xu WenShu) is after Taiyue (Boyi). Jiang Xin is Xu Guojun, and can be regarded as Jiang Xin, Xu Guo, and Xu Shi as one. In other words, Jiang Xin, Xu Guo, and Xu Shi are the descendants of Boyi and Xu You.
In the Tang Dynasty epitaph of Xu Xu and Xu Xingben in the Tang Dynasty epitaph of Qiantang Zhizhai in Tiemen Town, Xin'an County, Henan Province: Xu You is the ancestor of the tomb owner, and Boyi is also the ancestor of the tomb owner.
C. It seems to be one person.
The Shang Shu Yao Dian (尚書· Yao Dian) says: Yao once gave way to Siyue, and Siyue resigned and elected Shun, and Yao eventually gave way to Shun. This is the same incident as Xu Yu's Ci Yao Zen Concession.
"Huainanzi Xiuwu Training": "Ye Yu laughed. Gao Luminous: "Ye Yu laughs, qiao laughs." "Anthology" Mu Hua "Hai Fu": "Shu Yi Ye Yi." Li Shan's note: "YeYi, the appearance of charm." From the ancient phonology, it can be seen that "Yeyu" means "Yeyi".
Although the above information contradicts each other, it can be concluded that Xu You and Bo Yi may be one person, or they may be a lineage relationship. This ambiguous conclusion can deduce another clear inference: Xu You was after Emperor Yan and had the surname Jiang. That is to say, Xu Yu came to Xu before jiang yu, and only after xu was called Xu You.
The ancient writing of the word "Xu" proves that it was named because of the vast territory
In the pre-Qin cultural relics and documents, the word "Xu" is written a lot in ancient times. I've seen 11 of them. After the Qin Dynasty, in addition to a few ancient writings, the 12th way of writing also appeared. (See figure below)
I see some explanations for these ancient words.
Some people say that the Xudi tribe has no fixed place to live, and the writing "5" reflects this situation.
Some people say that the writing "1" is another name for "Xu".
Some people say that Xu people live by the water's edge, so they have created the writing method "12".
These claims are questionable. Does "5" mean there is no fixed place to live, and "8" means that there are no trees in this place? It's impossible! Why is "Xu" another name for "1"? The assumption that the interpretation of "12" is correct, but "12" and "Xu" now pronounce differently.
I thought about it over and over again, thinking that the key to phonology might open the lock. I consulted the ancient rhyme table compiled by Mr. Wang Li and found that the words homophonous with "1", "3", "12" and "Xu" all belonged to the 12th "Fish Department", and I felt suddenly enlightened.
In ancient times, it was passed on by word of mouth, with sound and no words. There are written records until the Shang Dynasty. How should the place name "Xu" be represented? The earliest occurrence should be "1". "1" person, big also. According to archaeological excavations, the Xudi tribe included present-day Yanling, Xuchang, Yuzhou and other places, which was indeed a vast area among the tribes at that time. This is probably the reason why Xu Di was originally called "1". "2" and "3" are homophones. Later words created with "3" as a side are all shaped sound characters. "3" is next to sound, and the rest of "4" to "10" is next to shape. The lower part of the "4" indicates the sacrificial vessel, and the upper part of the "5" to "10" indicates the territory, and the other parts of the word indicate a population gathering and trees. The deformation next to the "6" and "7" shapes is next to the "5" shape. The ancients wrote, and the side was up and down, left and right, so there were "6", "7" and so on. The upper part of "11" is numerous meanings, and this word is a word that will be created.
When the Qin Dynasty unified the script, the character "Xu" was created. "Yan" is homophonous with "Yan", and was written as "Yan" to avoid "Yan", indicating that the Xu clan was a descendant of Emperor Yan. "Noon" is next to the sound. "12" is a phonetic character that appears after "Xu".
In 1956, the Chinese Character Reform Committee simplified "Xu" to "Xu". The simplified characters are inspired by cursive writing.
The story told at the beginning of this article can only be told as a joke.
In summary, the following statement is made: The place name "Xu" was named by the ancestors according to the vast territory here. After Jiang Yu came from Xu, he was called Xu You.
【About the author】Jia Fengxiang, who won the first place in the province of Chinese language and literature after graduating from henan colleges and universities, graduated from Central China Normal University for further study, and is now a literature teacher at Xuchang Old Cadre University. He has published works or won awards at the national and provincial levels in the fields of novels, essays, drama, film and television, music, music, music, speeches, and performances. More than 30 books have been published. He is a member of the Chinese Essayists Association, the China Hard Pen Calligraphy Association, the Henan Dramatists Association, and the Henan Qu Artists Association. Listed in the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Writers and Artists. The blog was named one of the top ten new talents in the world by Sina Headquarters.
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