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Ming Dynasty literary historian Wang Shizhen's "Tengcheng" poem Lianyun: "Where is Qi Chu now, the old name of Teng Yu." "Teng" is the place of Tengguo at that time, later known as Tengxian County, Tengzhou, and then Tengxian and Tengzhou. There are many places where the old name of the thousand-year-old land of China still exists, so why did Mr. Wang Shizhen mention Teng and the great country of Qi and Chu together, and take the name of "Teng" as the old country that still exists? It is said that this is not unrelated to teng Wengong at that time.
People who have read Mencius in ancient and modern times know that at the time of the warring states, there was a monarch who practiced benevolent government, that is, "teng Wengong" who said in the "Three Character Classic" that "< Mencius >, and one of the seven chapters". Mencius taught Wen Gong the way of governing the country, saying that "this Teng, the strongest complements the weaknesses, will be fifty miles, as if it could be a good country", and took Teng Guo as the "test field" for him to advocate the implementation of benevolent government. Teng Wengong practiced Mencius's doctrine and theory, "The First King" and "Practice Benevolent Government", promoted Ida, and set up schools, which were famous for a while and were well known to future generations.
Statue of Teng Wen
Since Confucianism became orthodox in the Han Dynasty, people of insight have given a high evaluation to Teng Wengong, who vigorously promoted the way of Confucius and Mencius. After Zhu Xi's annotation of the Four Books of the Song Dynasty, especially in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1315), the imperial examination officially limited the number of questions to the scope of Zhu Xi's "Four Books", and as a result of the Ming and Qing dynasties, more and more scholars attached importance to Teng Wengong, and foreign officials and scribes would think of this sage through Tengdi, and local officials and local people had more respect for Teng Wengong, and built shrine sacrifices, from attached to the special shrine.
The Tengxian Chronicle of the thirteenth year of the Ming Dynasty says: "The Teng Wen Ancestral Hall, the Nature Of Good Academy, was built in the Yuan Yan YuJian, and was rebuilt in the Xuegong Palace with the imperial history Renju, which was destroyed by soldiers at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the bhikkhunis were rebuilt as nunneries. Guo Dynasty Chenghua (should be Hongzhi - Author's Note) Zhixian Ma Wensheng was restored as a academy. The front hall of the three yang qi Mencius, Le Zhengzhi, Wan Zhang matching; the later hall three yang with Qi Wen Gong, Ran You, Bi Zhan matching; the two three yang each three yang, the left name eunuch Xi Zhong... Right Ancestral Sage Uncle Sun Tong... After that, the front hall and the two temples were destroyed, and Mencius also abolished the temple; the rear hall was a three-altar common temple, and the middle was dedicated to the Duke of Wen, while the left and right were dedicated to the eunuchs and the townspeople... In the third year of the Wanli Dynasty, when Du Ji of Zhixian County was more than two gates and gates, and each of the three Danqi walls was directly the Wengong Ancestral Hall, and the name of the academy was abolished. Looking at the "Yanzhou Fuzhi" of the twenty-fourth year of the Ming Wanli Calendar, it records this matter: "Teng Wen Gong Ancestral Hall, in the east of the Temple of Literature, that is, the Sexual Good Academy." Therefore, Yuan Yanyoujian built, wanli three years to destroy the academy, more Wengong Ancestral Hall; one hall and three altars, the Middle Ancestral Wengong, left and right ancestral eunuchs, township sages. Compared with the two notes, the prefectural chronicle is more concise, while the prefectural chronicle provides more information.
During the Yuan Yanyou period, Yushi and Tengzhou ren jujing "often began with the name of Teng Guo dewen gong and Mencius, and those who did not have a table in the past were said to be in the dynasty: 'The former Wen public heard that sex was good to Mencius, although its deeds were not completed, but those who had full ambitions were praised. In the old days, there was a righteous school without a name, and it was advisable to express the good nature of the academy, so as to encourage the children with the wind, and to promote the talents of the broad. In his words, the Imperial Court said that the Sexual Good Academy was first listed in the Xuegong, and the mountain chief was his teacher, and later Teng Binbin was a scholar of literature. This incident is found in Ming Tengzhi's Renju Jing biography. At that time, when it was time to honor Kong Meng and resume the imperial examination, Ren Yushi Shangyan was just in time, his name was right, and he was approved, and the Sexual Good Academy was named in Tengzhou from then on; the Tengwen Ancestral Hall was built and listed in the east of the Wenmiao Academy.
Teng Wen Mansion
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the academy and the Wengong Ancestral Hall were destroyed by the war, and the newly built nunnery occupied this place for more than a hundred years, and the academy restored during the Hongzhi period was soon abolished, leaving only teng Wengong's ancestral hall. The words written by Teng Zhi are difficult to say because of the relationship between current affairs and politics. That is related to the fact that The Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was displeased with Mencius, first went to Mencius to enjoy, and then there was a verse of "Mencius", because it was still the world of the Ming Zhu clan, and it was difficult for cultivators to speak directly about it.
In the tenth year of Ming Hongzhi (1497), Ma Wensheng of Hanyang served as a jinshi (進士) as Tengxian Ling, and during his tenure presided over the restoration of the Sex Shan Academy and the Teng Wen Ancestral Hall. Ming Tengzhi set up a biography for him: "For people to dare to do things, to be happy, to adopt the "Mencius" theory of sexual goodness, to build a good nature academy as a teacher." Others such as the Temple of Literature, the city pool, and the road are all ruled one by one. Planting willows and planting mulberries, if the people are first blown, the people will eventually rely on them. Three years to worry about. It can be seen that Yangzhi County is a diligent official who emphasizes both culture and economy.
The Yangzhi County Restoration Academy of "Congo Dare to Walk", the front hall is dedicated to Mencius, and the rear hall is dedicated to Teng Wengong, and these two halls do not seem to have survived for long. Ming Jiajing Ding You (1537) Nanjing official Shangshu Zhanruoshui went north to evaluate performance, crossed the Tengjing to inquire about the relics of Teng Wengong, "ask his tomb to know that zhi lost its heritage, ask his ancestral hall is known to be the picture structure is not left behind" "Former Wuyou Danshan Zhao Di Cao Shanming passed through Teng County, and there are no survivors of the old ruins of Teng Wen Gong's homeland, and Zhixing was ruined and could not be used with books, please give it a table." "It can be seen that before this, the Teng Wen Ancestral Hall was no longer there." To this end, Zhan Shangshu wrote the "Hanging Wen Gong Ancestral Hall and Preface" in Teng County: "Those who have teng guo wen gong, with the soil of the Shuer and the body of the standing, are alone and benevolent and do not give in." Smelling the goodness of nature, Shu is almost heavenly virtue can be promoted; the school, the system of Ida, Shu is almost kingly; those who hear the wind for a while, they are not satisfied and are willing to be tyrannical, and Shu is almost kingly. But those who fail to do so, the condensation of their destiny? Will man be evil to himself and to his power? Or is it not as tall as the light? Will the times not be easy to multiply? Knowing the talent of the Meng clan Wang Zuo, but not listening to the whole country, why not? However, although the matter is not true, under thousands of years, it is like a life, the great master of the ancient world, and the master of the kings of all ages. Yu entered the Si Realm and walked on the ground. The King of the Warring States, only the Duke! Alone and wandering, the tomb shrine does not exist, and the peace of eternity is too restless! "The great master of the ancient world, the master of the kings of all ages" "The king of the Warring States, only the duke is alone", Zhan Shangshu has a high evaluation of Teng Wengong!
Tengguo Ancient City
It was in this year, perhaps after Mr. Zhan Ruoshui arrived in Beijing, that the first destruction of the academy in the Ming Dynasty began. Yushi Youjujing impeached Wang Shouren and Zhan Ruoshui for "advocating their cult studies, widely collecting rogues, and creating private schools in pseudo-learning", so the emperor issued an edict to abolish private academies in various places. Although the Sexual GoodNess Academy was approved, it was the act of the previous dynasty, and the new dynasty ignored the old things and was not included in the scope of protection and care, and naturally did not get spared. History will really joke, the Yuan Dynasty Yushi Renju respectfully said "inspire the children with the wind, with the Guangxian talent" to invite the name of the academy, the Ming Dynasty Yushi Yuju Jingshang played with "pseudo-creation of private learning" to destroy the academy. Fortunately, before this, Shang Shu Zhanruoshui left the "Hanging Wen Gong Zi and Preface", and the sacrifice of Teng Wengong was not among the destroyed academies, and ren Zhixian restored the Teng Wen Ancestral Hall that was "not yet in the picture". This is why Teng Zhi "The front hall and the two temples are both in place, and Mencius is also abandoned... Then it is directly the Wengong Ancestral Hall, and the name of the academy is abolished" thing.
During the Wanli Dynasty, Xiaoshan Ding Mingchun taught Teng County, and the Gurudwara Gong Ancestral Hall gave four poems: "First, disturb the war of the masses, and talk about benevolence and righteousness alone, not about soldiers." With Ling Qi Chu now and where he is, he won the name of a good country that has existed for a long time. Second, for Yao to be Shun's middle heaven, it is clear at first sight. Formulate three years of filial piety, not false and holy, this true transmission. Third, The Stranger comes to pursue profit first, who can be good to the country and the people. With a long-term understanding of Gong Gong, Mugu asked Ida attentively. Fourth, the hall of worship is on the wall of the palace, and the yue rong is looking at the bean light. The school Ida is a model of the world, a thousand years of love and sweet. What Ding Xun saw was the Teng Wen Ancestral Hall built on the "GongGong Wall" (Xuegong) in the Ming Dynasty. Until the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1689) Zhixian Shi Bingzhi rebuilt, restored the Ma Wensheng architectural regulations during the Ming Dynasty, the front hall was dedicated to Mencius, the rear hall was dedicated to Teng Wengong, and the gate of the gate was listed as "Ancient Good Academy".
Qianlong Xinwei (1761), Zhixian moved the Teng Wen Ancestral Hall to the east of the Guannan Shouyi Road in the east of the city, between the Taishan Palace and the Imperial Pavilion outside the South Pavilion, and since then the Wen Gong Ancestral Hall has been also known as the Wen Gong Temple. Tengxian East Gate outside the post road is the Ming and Qing Dynasty Nanjing to Beijing, connecting Guangdong, Fujian traffic artery, Teng Wen Gong Ancestral Hall was newly built on the side of the Road, officials and scribes who came and went in a hurry even if they did not enter the TengXian City, they could also miss the love of Wen Gong because of their ancestral halls, and some famous people also left poems here. In the fourth year of Qing Jiaqing (1799), Yao Wentian, who had not yet been a member of the Imperial Household, had a poem entitled "Bo Twilight Arrives at the Gurudwara Ancestral Hall in Tengxian County": "The horse goes with the residual rain, and enters Tengyang... The ancient temple also paid tribute to the gurudwara, and the remains asked Jingjiang. Zhang Wentao, a master of Qing poetry and painting and who had served as the prefect of Laizhou, was on his way back to retirement, because he was in a hurry to hurry, although he did not stop at the land of Renzhi County to visit Syria, but went forward to stay in Nanshahe Town, which is not far from the county seat, but he visited the Wengong Temple and wrote the poem "Passing through Teng County and Not Visiting Jiang Boshengming Mansion (In Pei) to Stay at the Poetry Wengong Temple Wall": "The national good is not small, Teng Wen this old Xinjiang." Ta Lai Zhi County is close, and the mountain is far away. Ling Yin is a lyricist, and the returnees are also drunkards. Mo Jiao stayed in October and asked for a drunken trip. ”
Because of the relationship between Mencius and Teng Wengong, Tengdi often has ancestral temple buildings dedicated to Confucius and Meng. According to the "Tengxian Chronicle" of the 26th year of Qing Daoguang, there were the Most Holy Temple, the Chongsheng Ancestral Hall, the Yasheng Ancestral Hall, and the Teng Wen Gong Ancestral Hall; there were also Daoyi Academy and Shanguo Gate. In the thirty-third year of the Qing Dynasty, the "Tengxian Rural Chronicle" recorded that there were Confucian Temples (Zhisheng Temple), Chongsheng Temple, and Mengmiao Temples in the city; outside the city there were Tengwen Gongmiao Temple, Mencius Temple, and Shanggongguan; this "Tengwen Gongmiao" is the last surviving record of the local chronicles, and when it was destroyed, it is no longer remembered.
Teng Wen Gongtai in the 1970s
In recent years, some people in Tengzhou have proposed the construction of the "Tengwang Pavilion", I don't know which Tengwang to commemorate? It can be said that even if a Tengwang is found, its significance is not great, because people or things without real "cultural support" are always not loud, and Teng Wengong is worth commemorating; judging from the ancient poetry, it is not only Tengzhou people who remember this sage, but there are many people.
In addition, according to scholars, the "Teng Wengong" who interacted with Mencius should be "Teng Yuangong". This question has been mentioned many times by scholars since the Han dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and some people have also explored and commented on it, why did not restore the name of "Teng Yuangong" until the Qing Dynasty Ruan Yuan presided over the proofreading of the "Thirteen Commentaries on the Thirteen Classics"? This is probably because the "Teng Wengong" who interacted with Mencius has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and there is really no need to change it, if it is changed, only books will not be available.