The historical origins of Britain can be traced back to ancient times, but before the Roman conquest, Britain was considered a culturally backward and unevenly developed region.
Britain is an island located in the northeastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean, consisting of England, Scotland, Wales and a number of small islands around it. In ancient times, knowledge of Britain was relatively limited.
After the Roman Empire moved into Britain, it became clear where it was located. Britain is located in the Atlantic Ocean, separated from the European continent by a strait, and has a typical temperate maritime climate. Compared to the hinterland of Europe at the same latitude, Britain is often affected by rain and has a colder climate.
This particular climatic condition results in fast growth and late maturation of plants, which is ideal for the growth of pastures, but not for the cultivation of crops. As a result, agriculture has developed slowly, while animal husbandry has developed rapidly.
Britain is also rich in mineral resources and is rich in pearls. The Romans were very interested in the jewels of Britain, and they thought it should be a place full of gold and jewels.
The Britons of Caesar's time could be divided into inland and coastal dwellers depending on where they lived, and the two were greatly influenced by the unique geography of the British Isles.
The inland, as Caesar called the natives of the island, lived a relatively conservative and backward life. Due to the geographical environment of the British Isles, the growth of crops is unstable, and they have a low level of agriculture and mainly depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood.
Their food is based on dairy products and meat, and their clothing is often made from furs. In the outback of Britain, there are few agricultural scenes, and the characteristics of an agrarian society are not obvious.
The coastal dwellers, on the other hand, were mostly immigrants from the Biel and migrates, who made a living from plunder and warfare. In peacetime they are engaged in agricultural production, and in wartime they are armed with weapons to participate in battle.
These coastal dwellers are very good at competing and show an energetic, enthusiastic and open character. Due to the advantages of Britain's geographical location, which allowed for easy contact with the European continent, the Britons often fought across the sea, which impressed Caesar.
In addition, all Britons are good at using camouflage. They use the juice of a plant called woad to smear the whole body, giving it a sky-blue color to deter enemies. They also Xi shaving all hair except for their hair and upper lip beard, giving them the image of savages.
In pre-Roman times, the main inhabitants of the Isle of Britain were part of the Celts. The Celts lived in primitive societies for a long time and lacked a native script, so the accounts of their own history relied mainly on oral transmission.
Modern research on pre-Roman Britain has relied mainly on myths and archaeological excavations, as well as works by scholars from other parts of the classical era, such as Herodotus, Theodorus, Appian, Strabo, Livy, Caesar, Tacitus, and Pliny the Elder.
The form of marriage reflects an important factor in whether a civilization is civilized or not. The inhabitants of Britain were quite backward in the form of marriage, and were still largely in the stage of group marriage, with a group of wives being sexual partners shared by a group of men, and many wives being shared between brothers or fathers and sons. This situation creates a lack of clarity about paternity.
This shows that at that time, the status of women was very low, and the form of marriage still had the characteristics of primitive society. Britain in this period had not yet entered the stage of civilization, at least in a broad sense.
For the Romans, Britain was a distant, almost mysterious place that needed to be reached by crossing a daunting ocean. At that time, the Romans were still struggling to adapt to the tidal environment outside the Mediterranean, so Caesar's adventures in Britain made a deep impression on the Romans.
Although Caesar invaded Britain twice, his successors made unsuccessful attempts to launch military campaigns against Britain until the time of Claudius.
The most fundamental of Rome's management of Britain was the military garrison. The southern coastal region of Britain, close to the European continent, had prepared for contact with Roman culture in the pre-British period, but the northern part of Britain remained conservative and isolated, and rebellions were frequent.
Therefore, Rome needed to be vigilant in these areas and keep the garrison relatively fixed. Until the end of the 1st century, Rome still had three legions in Britain, located in the western regions of Chester, South Wales and the northern part of York.
In addition to the presence of troops, the Romans built a number of fortifications after the conquest of Britain, the most notable feature of which was the massive construction of the city walls. The presence of the walls gives the impression that Britain was impregnable under Roman rule. In particular, Hadrian's Wall and Antoine's Wall are typical fortifications built during the Roman Britannica period.
The construction of the city walls was of great importance for maintaining social security in Britain under Roman rule. These measures helped to protect the Roman army and colonies from rebellions and attacks by the local population. The presence of the city walls also helped to strengthen the image of Roman rule in Britain.
When Roman armies entered the territory of others, their initial motive was to maximize the benefits. Expanding territory, managing business, and ultimately making a lot of money were all the things that Rome wanted to run Britannia.
Rome expanded the empire and stabilized the western frontier by running Britain. The expansion of the territory brought abundant natural resources to Rome, and the operation of Britain directly brought rich taxes.
Rome ran Britain and brought the region into the process of world civilization. Before the Roman invasion, pre-British society was still in the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, relatively isolated and backward, but since the Roman entry, Britain has been exposed to an open and advanced Roman civilization. The two cultures came together through exchange and collision, and had a seminal influence on the cultural process of the Britons.
