Source: "Jinan Cultural and Historical Materials"
General Feng Zhi'an
From soldier to division commander
Feng Zhi'an, whose name is Yangzhi, was born on December 6, 1896 in Dongxinzhuang, the ancient city of Hebei Province. Feng studied in a private school when he was a teenager, and abandoned school to become a soldier when he was young, and the battalion commander at that time was Feng Yuxiang. In May 1912, he was transferred with the army to Sanjiadian in Jingxi to protect the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department. Feng Zhi'an is burly, energetic, and studious. In the cooking class, he used the work break to memorize the 800-word textbook written by Feng Yuxiang, and he could explain and write silently. Feng Yuxiang's battle shooting song, the song of using terrain and features, together with the song of caring for the people compiled before the Luanzhou uprising, was composed in the tune of a Christian hymn, and Feng Zhi'an would soon be able to sing, write silently, and explain. In 1914, Feng Zhi'an was promoted to platoon commander and participated in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Bailang Rebel Army in Shaanxi. In 1915, he fought in Sichuan with the army. In 1916, Feng Zhi'an was promoted to company commander, returned to Langfang with the army, stepped up training in the playground and field, and took advantage of bad weather to march. In July 1917, Feng Yuxiang's 16th Mixed Brigade defeated Zhang Xun's Restoration Army. Later, Duan Qirui ordered Feng Brigade to reinforce Fujian and fight against the French Protector Army, Feng Yuxiang led his troops to the south and stopped the troops in Wuxue, and in February of the following year, he telegraphed the main peace, and in March, the department opened to Changde. Feng Zhi'an studied Feng's "Soldier's Reader" here, as well as more than 100 ancient and modern Chinese and foreign articles, and further studied tactics, military art, topography, weaponry, war history, city building, and model orders, and took the lead in learning various handicrafts with soldiers. Feng Zhi'an led a company of soldiers to perform well in the construction of the Changde flood control wall and the construction of the road from Changde to Jinshi, and was promoted to battalion commander in 1920. (One said that Feng Zhi'an was the commander of the model company in early 1921, and on the way to Shaanxi in the summer of the same year, he was promoted to the commander of the student battalion in Tongguan.) In November, it was transferred to the east of Xinyang Station. The officers and men of the Feng Public Security Battalion familiarized themselves with Feng Yuxiang's newly compiled "Minutes of Military Training," practiced on the big river beach, and held competitions in sports, reading, speech, martial arts, acting, tree planting, and crafts. After Feng Yuxiang was appointed as the overseer of Shaanxi, Feng Zhi'an Battalion was ordered to build Chang'an Tongguan Avenue and plant willows.
In the spring of 1922, Feng Zhi'an participated in the Zhifeng War, and after the war, Feng was transferred to Henan and Nanyuan, Beijing. During this period, Feng Zhi'an studied advanced tactics, weaponry, the history of European warfare, and classical literature, and participated in various research conferences. In October 1924, Feng Yuxiang staged a coup d'état in Beijing, expelling Pu Yi from the palace and defeating the Cao-Wu clique. At that time, Feng Zhi'an and Sun Lianzhong's troops were stationed near Fengtai, preparing to deal with various places. The British army in Tianjin came to disrupt and broke into the Fengbu outpost line, causing a conflict. Feng Zhi'an fought with the British army on the basis of reason, and the British army retreated. On December 4, 1924, Feng Zhi'an led a team to welcome Mr. Sun Yat-sen, who had come north from Guangzhou to preside over state affairs, in Jingu. On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen died of illness in Beijing. Feng Zhi'an attended the anti-imperialist demonstration meeting held by Feng Yuxiang in Zhangjiakou, and in the same year he was promoted to the head of the guard brigade of the Northwest Frontier Supervision Office. On September 17, 1926, the Northwest Army swore in Wuyuan to respond to the Northern Expedition, Feng Zhi'an served as the commander of the Fifth Division of the National Alliance Army, and was ordered to aid Shaanxi to relieve the siege of Xi'an, under the command of Sun Liangcheng, fought bravely, and relieved the siege of Xi'an on November 27. After the end of the Northern Expedition, Feng Zhi'an entered the Army University to study. After graduation, he served as the commander of the 1st Division. In the winter of 1930, Feng Zhi'an served as the commander of the 37th Division of the 29th Army (commander Song Zheyuan).
Feng Zhi'an and Zhang Zizhong took a group photo
Led his troops to participate in the Anti-Japanese War
At the beginning of 1933, Feng Zhi'an was ordered to lead the 37th Division to participate in the Great Wall War of Resistance. When the rapid march reached the Santun camp south of Xifengkou, the Japanese army had already occupied the hill outside Xifengkou first. Feng's division, Zhang Zizhong's 38th Division, and the Japanese army engaged in a tug-of-war for the top of the mountain. Feng Zhi'an sent Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 109th Brigade, to lead the broadsword team to attack Luo Wenyu and defeat the Japanese army. The mountains of Xifengkou have been gained and lost, and those who have lost and regained have been many times, and the bloody battle has been fought for 3 days and nights, and the enemy and I cannot hold each other. Song Zheyuan ordered Feng Zhi'an to select 500 brave and combative officers and soldiers from Zhao Dengyu's brigade and Wang Zhibang's brigade to form a death squad to climb over the uninhabited and precipitous mountainous areas from Panjiakou and Dongjiakou, copy the Japanese flank to the north, and suddenly charge the enemy with night attacks and close combat. The officers and men bravely slashed and slaughtered, giving full play to the power of the broadsword team, annihilating two infantry wings and one cavalry brigade of the Japanese army, destroying 18 field artillery pieces and many tanks. The Japanese army was never able to cross the passes of the Great Wall held by the 29th Army. In April, the 29th Army was ordered to retreat to Pingdong, and the Japanese army occupied 22 counties in eastern Hebei and several counties in northeastern Chahar. In 1936, Feng Zhi'an served as the commander of the 39th Division and the chairman of Hebei Province, stationed in Beiping, Xiyuan, Fengtai and other places.
According to the "Xinqiao Treaty," which imperialists imposed on the Chinese people unequally, foreign troops could be stationed in the embassy area and in key areas of the Jingshi to the sea passage. For example, in 1936, a barracks was illegally built on the east side of Fengtai East Station, where the Japanese Ichiki Qingzhi Mixed Brigade was stationed, which was only 400 meters away from the central camp of the 220th Regiment (Regiment Commander Dai Shouyi) and the Second Battalion (Reinforced Battalion Commander Zhang Huating) of the 110th Brigade of the 37th Division of the 29th Army (Brigade Commander He Jifeng, Feng He is a close ally brother). In June 1936, the Japanese army began to continuously provoke the officers and men of the 29th Army, and then changed from a dummy ammunition exercise to a live-fire exercise, and a daytime exercise to a day and night exercise. Once, the whole battalion of the Japanese army was dispatched, and its skirmish line rushed into our sentry line, and its flank several cavalry also invaded our sentry line. My sentry commander and sentries stopped me and almost used force. The Japanese army used the excuse that the military horses ran to our side and asked our Fengtai defenders to withdraw. The division commander Feng Zhi'an and the brigade commander He Jifeng ordered Zhang Ying to make good fortifications and be ready for battle. The mixed battalion of Japanese troops stormed Fengtai on September 18. (On September 19, the Japanese army invaded Fengtai.) Zhang Ying engaged in a fierce battle with the Japanese army. Feng Zhi'an ordered Dai Shouyi to lead the first and third battalions from Xiyuan to Fengtai to surround the enemy's left and right flanks, and the enemy retreated to his original position when he saw that the situation was dangerous. The Japanese army immediately demanded that Zhang Ying withdraw to Xiyuan, and Chen Guangran, the commander of the security command of Northern Hebei, was replaced by a battalion of Chen Guangran, who was the commander of the security in northern Hebei. The Japanese army took advantage of this to increase its troops in Fengtai and incited traitors to buy land in Dajing Village (which is the national defense road from Beiping to Daming) between Fengtai and Lugou Bridge, in a vain attempt to build an airfield and barracks. Wang Lengzhai, commissioner of Wanping, and Hong Dazhong, acting county magistrate, mobilized patriotic peasants to resist to the death and smashed the conspiracy of the Japanese army.
At this time, the 37th Division was stationed in Xiyuan, Fengtai, Lugouqiao, Changxindian, Baoding, Xidaping, and Babaoshan. On July 6, 1937, the Japanese army demanded to conduct exercises through Wanping City at the eastern end of the Lugou Bridge to Changxindian. Our troops were not allowed to pass, and the two sides held each other for more than ten hours before retreating at night. On the 7th, the Japanese army went out for exercises, and the guns and artillery were equipped with ammunition, and the situation was abnormal. Feng Zhi'an rushed back to Beiping from Baoding and agreed with He Jifeng that the troops were ready to fight. On the 7th, the Japanese army exercised outside Wanping during the day and occupied the sand gang outside the city. Feng Zhi'an ordered Commander Ji Xingwen: Raise soldiers for a thousand days, use them for a while, now is the time to serve the country. The Lugou Bridge is the throat of Pingjin, and it must be firmly defended, and the enemy is not allowed to take a single step forward, and not an inch of land is allowed to be abandoned. Guarding the Lugou Bridge in Wanping was the 3rd Battalion of the 219th Regiment (Regiment Commander Ji Xingwen) of the 110th Brigade of the 37th Division. Battalion commander Jin Zhenzhong ordered the 11th Company to defend the east end of the Iron Bridge and the area around the Longwang Temple to the north; The 12th Company is in the southwest corner of the city to the Nanhe fork; Nine companies are in the city; The 10th Company is a reserve and is located in the Dawang Temple west of Lugou Bridge; The heavy mortar company was at the western end of the Iron Bridge, and its mission was to annihilate the Japanese tanks and dense ranks; The light pursuit artillery company was inside the east gate, supporting the troops; Heavy machine gun batteries were placed in the southeast and northeast corners of the city to support the front. Before eating, all the officers and men of the battalion shouted the slogan "I would rather die in battle than be a slave to the country" to boost morale. Since the 6th, Feng Zhi'an and He Jifeng have been instructed to pay close attention to the actions of the Japanese army, and if the Japanese army provokes, they will resolutely fight back, and the defenders will live and die with the city bridge. After the July 7 Incident, our army fiercely returned fire. At 10 o'clock on the 8th, the Japanese siege of the city was frustrated, and the infantry turned to attack the railway bridge with heavy artillery fire. After fierce fighting, the Japanese army occupied the eastern section of the Iron Bridge and the Dragon King Temple. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, Mutaguchi sent a letter asking our army to withdraw 10 miles west. Jin Zhenzhong commented on the letter: "Our army is determined to live and die with Chengqiao. "At 5 o'clock in the evening of the 8th, the Japanese shelled Wanping and Lugou Bridges for three hours, and Jin Zhenzhong was wounded. Feng Zhi'an and He Jifeng agreed that He Zhiwanping would organize death squads to conduct night battles and close combat, and attack from the north of Changxindian and Babaoshan, and ordered Jin Zhenzhong to lead the 9th and 11th companies to attack from Wanping at night, and attack inside and outside. On the night of the 8th, the commandos used broadswords, pistols, and grenades to penetrate the enemy camp in the rainy night, and the officers and men bravely slashed and killed, and in less than two hours, they completely annihilated the Japanese army, and recovered the eastern section of the iron bridge and the area around the Longwang Temple. On 8 July, the Chinese Communists sent a telegram saying: "We should praise and support the heroic resistance of Feng's Ministry of Public Security! We should praise and support the declaration of the North China authorities to live and die together with the country!"
By the 10th, the two sides were talking about fighting, fighting On the morning of the 10th, China and Japan held a meeting at Qin Dechun's house in Beiping, and our side attended the meeting were Qin Dechun, Feng Zhi'an, He Jifeng, Cheng Xixian, commander of the Northern Hebei Security Brigade, Zhou Sijing, staff officer of the Sui Administration, and Hong Dazhong, acting county magistrate of Wanping. On the Japanese side, there are Sakurai, Nakajima, Kasai, and Saito. Feng Zhi'an accused the Japanese army of not withdrawing their troops, and attacked Wanping at night. The Japanese side should quickly withdraw its troops, otherwise, the Japanese side will be responsible for all the consequences. Saito said it was to find the corpses of Japanese soldiers. Feng asked rhetorically, where do you use a lot of teams to find dead bodies? What do you mean by leaving a lot of machine guns? Saito said in order to prevent me from attacking. Qin Dechun said, this matter is easy to do, we will find the dead body for you. Sakurai went so far as to demand the dismissal of the relevant military and political officials of our side and apologize to the Japanese army. He Jifeng suddenly jumped up, took out a pistol and slapped it on the table, angrily reprimanding: "The Lugou Bridge incident is completely a premeditated and step-by-step aggression by Japan, and every time the Japanese side opens fire first, it is a blatant act of aggression. The Japanese side should apologize to us, withdraw its troops, and promise that it will never infringe on China's territorial sovereignty in the future, otherwise, it will have to destroy you completely. Hong Dazhong said: "On the one hand, you are holding peace talks, but on the other hand, you are transferring the Kwantung Army to Pingping, Tianjin, and Fengtai every day, what is the purpose?" At this point, the Japanese personnel secretly slipped away under the pretext of making a phone call.
At this time, the Japanese army concentrated in Pingjin from Yuguan, Dagu, Gubeikou and other places. In order to strengthen the forces around Lugou Bridge, Feng Zhi'an and He Jifeng agreed that on the 9th and 10th, Chen Chunrong, a brigade and a regiment of the 37th Division stationed in Baoding, a cavalry regiment of Wan Fulin of the Northeast Army, and two steel-armored vehicles would be driven to the vicinity of Changxindian, and attack Fengtai on the night of the 10th. Since he was ordered to only resist, not to attack, the plan fell through. On July 28, Nanyuan was lost, and Tong Linge, deputy commander of the 29th Army, and Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 132nd Division, were martyred one after another. Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Song Zheyuan's 29th Army to move to Baoding. Pingjin defense was handed over to Zhang Zizhong to be responsible. On the evening of July 28, Song accompanied Feng Zhi'an and Qin Dechun from Xizhimen to Changxin Store through Sanjiadian and went to Baoding. After that, the 29th Army was reorganized into the First Group Army, and Feng Zhi'an served as the commander of the 77th Army, blocking the enemy's southward movement in the areas of Cangxian and Qingxian. In September, Feng Zhi'an acted as Song Zheyuan as commander-in-chief of the First Group Army, and at the end of November, he took sick leave to Kaifeng to recuperate. In March 1938, the number of the First Group Army was revoked, and Feng Zhi'an was named the commander of the 19th Army Corps ("Portraits of Military and Political Officials of the National Government of the Republic of China": On October 2, 1937, Feng Zhi'an served as the commander of the 19th Army Corps. It was under the jurisdiction of the 77th Army and Shi Yousan's 69th Army (under the jurisdiction of Gao Shuxun's new 6th Division), and fought guerrillas in the north of the Yellow River. Soon after, the 19th Army was transferred to Xuzhou to fight alongside the 59th Army, located on the left flank of Sun Lianzhong's Second Army, and inflicted heavy losses on the Isogu Division and the Sakagaki Division in the Battle of Taierzhuang. Feng Zhi'an was awarded the Order of Yunlu of the Third Class and the Order of the Navy and Army of the First Class.
From left: Zhang Zizhong, Song Zheyuan, Chiang Kai-shek, Yang Yongtai, Feng Zhi'an
Encourage subordinates to learn from the Eighth Route Army
After He Jifeng, the commander of the 179th Division, recovered from his injuries, he lived in seclusion in the mountain temple and had the idea of escaping into the empty door. Feng Zhi'an expressed deep sympathy and sent Lian Yugang (a member of the Communist Party of China), the former chief of staff of the 179th Division, who had just returned from Yan'an, to visit He and encourage He to visit Yan'an and learn from the Eighth Route Army the way to save the country and the people and train troops. Under the arrangement of the CPC organization, He Shunli went to Yan'an, and was warmly welcomed by Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Commander-in-Chief Zhu and other CPC leaders, and had a cordial conversation. He Hou returned to the 77th Army and made a detailed report to Feng Zhi'an. Feng Zhi'an expressed deep admiration and envy for the Eighth Route Army's vigorous spirit, military education, and mass work, and supported the use of the Eighth Route Army's advanced methods to transform the 77 th Army, and hoped to absorb some of the Eighth Route Army's talents, so that the 77 th Army would also become a vigorous contingent so as to expand its influence and develop its strength. He appointed He to concurrently serve as director of the education department of the 77 th Army, and first of all, he reformed the military training regiment and officer training regiment of the 77 th Army to train outstanding backbone cadres for the whole army.
From March 24 to April 3, 1938, Feng's Ministry of Public Security met the Japanese army in the Zaozhuang area of Lincheng. In late April, Feng led his troops to defend the north bank of the Huai River. In May, the Japanese army attacked Feng Bu fiercely, and Feng Bu retreated to the Suzhou-Anhui border. On May 18, Feng Bu arrived in Huangchuan with Sun Lianzhong via Lingbi, Sixian, Dingyuan, and Lu'an. Xuzhou was lost on May 19. Feng Bu from Huangchuan through the mall, Jinjiazhai to the flow of waves to arm. The mountain town had been bombed into rubble by Japanese planes. After the headquarters of the 77th Army arrived, Japanese planes bombed and strafed almost every day. In August, the 77th Army deployed defenses south of Dabie Mountain New County on the Henan-Hubei border, and because the Japanese army advanced to Wuhan along the Pinghan Line, it was ordered to advance westward to Zhongxiang through Qiliping and Huayuan. In the west of the garden, he encountered the cavalry of the traitor Liu Guitang and was repulsed by the 77th Army. Japanese planes are bombing Yunmengyi, Anlu, and Yingcheng. At the beginning of winter, the 77th Army arrived in the vicinity of Zhongxiang to set up defenses. Wuhan was lost on October 25.
The Military Training Regiment of the 77th Army, which He Jifeng was in charge of, was in Xin'an County in the rear in the spring of 1938 and moved to Xinyang in June. Yan'an sent 36 Communist Party members, including Qiu Xiaoting (Qiu Jingshan), Xiao Lin, Zhao Yuzhi, Zhang Tianbiao, and Cui Jimin, to serve in various brigades and squadrons of the Military Training Corps, and set up the Working Committee of the 77th Army, an underground organization of the Communist Party. Qiu served as the secretary of the working committee. The courses of the Military Training Corps include "On Protracted War", "Popular Philosophy", "Tactical Problems of the War of Resistance Against Japan", "History of Social Development", etc. The ideological consciousness of the cadres and cadets has been greatly enhanced. Progressive officers and soldiers of the military department can also read Yan'an's pamphlets. At the Xinyang bookstall you can also buy progressive books and newspapers. In June, Peng Xuefeng, director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Zhugou Town, sent Li Yinnan (Lian Yugang) to He Jifeng about replenishing weapons for the Eighth Route Army. Feng Zhi'an approved the matter and sent Zhu Dapeng to the Eighth Route Army Office in Zhugou Town, Queshan County, to deliver 200 new Czech-style 79 rifles, 50 boxes of ammunition, and a large number of medicines.
In western Hubei, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was in a state of stalemate, and the troop garrisons were relatively stable. On both sides of the Han River and in various parts of the mountainous area of western Hubei Province, Feng Zhi'an has always attached importance to the study of current affairs, and has subscribed to the Central Daily, Ta Kung Pao, Xinhua Daily, a publication of the Eighth Route Army, and the English "Times". In order to listen to news from all sides, including Yan'an and Nanjing, in the spring of 1939, Feng Zhi'an entrusted someone to buy an American-made direct current radio from Hong Kong, and a special person was responsible for listening, recording, and copying it every night until Japan surrendered.
In September 1938, He Jifeng stated to Feng Zhi'an that only when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to resist Japan could they get the patronage of the people of the whole country and the way to preserve their strength. In order to facilitate contact with friendly forces of the New Fourth Army, it was proposed to set up a "77 Anti-Enemy Work Group." Feng appreciated this suggestion and asked He Jifeng to let it go. He appointed Zhu Dapeng, a member of the Communist Party, as the head of the "77 Anti-Enemy Work Group" and instructed the head of the regiment, Guo Jiafang, to provide funds and ammunition from the military training regiment and to establish an anti-Japanese base area in the Tongbai Mountain area at the junction of Henan and Hubei. The members of the regiment are all heavily armed. The mission quickly grew to more than 600 people. The working group made contact with the Central Plains Military Region of the Communist Party of China and was under the unified leadership of the Central Plains Military Region. In October, Wuhan and Guangzhou fell successively. Zhang Zizhong and Feng Zhi'an felt the growing national disaster, and the two swore that they would quit paper cigarettes from now on and never smoke until the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was won. In order to keep the army young, Feng Zhi'an also recruited many graduates of military academies and Lu University. At the end of the year, some graduates of the military academy told Feng Zhi'an that 36 Communist Party members, including Qiu Xiaoting, Xiao Lin, and Zhao Yuzhi, took control of the military training regiment. The military training regiment has been "red". Feng Zhi'an was afraid that the matter would be publicized, so he immediately instructed He Jifeng to deal with it quickly and properly. He Jifeng promoted all the informants and eliminated the opposition within the military training regiment.
In December 1938, Feng Zhi'an served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the 33rd Group Army. In 1940, Feng Zhi'an was promoted to commander-in-chief of the 33rd Group Army. From 1939 to 1943, whenever the Japanese army had no time to attack western Hubei, Chiang Kai-shek secretly ordered Feng's Ministry of Public Security to attack the New Fourth Army on both sides of Yuan'an, Dangyang and the Han River. Feng Zhi'an secretly instructed He Jifeng to the division commander: (1) not to be a victim of the Jiang family; (2) do a good job of unity with friendly forces; (3) It is necessary to write a war report in a timely manner to deal with the old man (referring to Chiang Kai-shek). He Jifeng sent troops to the Japanese-occupied areas for a week each time, and kept in close contact with the New Fourth Army, or sent some weapons, ammunition, and medicines, and came back to write false war reports to prevaricate the past. In the winter of 1942, Feng Zhi'an reported to Sun Lianzhong, commander of the Sixth Theater, that He Jifeng was strict in administering the army, that military training was combined with actual combat, that combat logistics were prepared to adapt to actual combat, that he had good discipline, and that his assessment results were better than those of Chiang's troops. (Sun Lianzhong was promoted to deputy commander of the Sixth Theater in 1942.) On February 23, 1943, he was acting and in June 1943 he was promoted to commander of the 6th Theater of Operations. Then He Jifeng's 179th Division made continuous sorties, repeatedly defeated the Japanese army, handed over the spoils of war, asked for merit from the 6th Theater, and applied for the promotion of He Jifeng to the commander of the 77th Army. In September 1943, the Ministry of National Defense dismissed Feng Zhi'an from his part-time position as commander of the 77th Army. Deputy Army Commander He Jifeng was promoted to commander of the 77th Army and was still the commander of the 179th Division. He recommended Guo Jiafang to be promoted to the deputy commander of the 179th Division, and he is still the commander of the 537th Regiment.
In the summer of 1945, Feng Zhi'an was going to Chongqing to report on his work, and set off from Nanzhang Bathing Village to inspect the troops in Nanzhang, Yuan'an, and Dangyang along the way. When they arrived in Padang, the director of the office reported that the Japanese army had stormed the positions of the 59th Army and the 77th Army with superior forces, and the Japanese army was equipped with aircraft, tanks, and artillery, and the officers and men of the two sides had been fighting a bloody battle for a day and night. Feng Nai returned to the army from Padang via Xingshan, and received news of military defeats along the way. A regimental commander of the 59th Army died in the fierce battle, and the commanders of the two battalions, companies, and platoons suffered many casualties, and the soldiers suffered even more casualties. The Japanese army has occupied the county seat of Nanzhang and bathed in the location of the headquarters. Everywhere the Japanese army went, they burned, killed, and looted, and corpses were scattered all over the field and rubble. Nanzhang bathing and other towns and villages occupied by the Japanese army were all razed to the ground. The weather was hot and littered with rotting corpses. Feng Zhi'an ordered the two armies to attack on all fronts, and they must regain the lost territory. Feng Jiancheng returned to the defense, and in the mountain village east of Maliangping on the right bank of the border in Baokang County, he encountered various offices of the headquarters and Feng's family. After a fierce counterattack, the two armies have recaptured their original positions and are clearing the battlefield everywhere. All the houses in the Nanzhang area have been burned down by the Japanese army, and the headquarters are stationed in the mountain villages on the right bank of the river west of Maliangping Town. Feng and his family lived in a large inner courtyard, one room at each end of the front living room, and the author and Zhang Kexia, an underground party member and deputy commander-in-chief, each lived in one room at that time. At this time, Feng Zhi'an concurrently served as the deputy commander of the Sixth Theater and a member of the Central Supervisory Committee of the Kuomintang. From 1939 to 1945, when Japan surrendered, he led the 33rd Group Army to defend western Hubei and Jiangbei.
Placed on the front line of the civil war by Chiang Kai-shek
On August 15, 1945, the day Japan officially announced its surrender, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Feng's Ministry of Public Security to "clear out" the New Fourth Army guerrillas between Huayuan and Anlu. Feng Mi instructed the commander of the 77th Army, He Jifeng, to avoid fighting, preserve strength, and engage in friendship-to-military relations. He Jifeng ordered Division Commander Guo Jiafang to lead the 132nd Division to swim without attacking, shoot empty guns, release empty artillery, write false battle reports, and report to the top. Feng Zhi'an led the headquarters from Ma Liangping to the east, the familiar Nanzhang City was already full of rubble, in the east bank of the Han River in Yicheng County, the sacrifice of General Zhang Zizhong and the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country. In the west of Sui County, Feng inspected the field bunker group on the outskirts of Sui County abandoned by the Japanese army. Then enter the city of Sui County. At that time, the division was receiving the Japanese army's city gate guard. In the city of Sui, except for the house of the former Japanese army brigade headquarters where Feng lived, the rest of the place was a desolate rubble pile overgrown with weeds.
Soon after, Feng and his family got on the train at the Garden Station of the Pinghan Line and stayed at the office of the 33rd Group Army of the Siming Bank in Hankou. The head of the office is Yin Xintian, a senior staff officer of Major General, who served as the commander of General Feng Yuxiang's Anti-Japanese Alliance. Then Feng went to Chongqing from the Hankou passenger plane. On the way, the passenger plane was windy, transferred from Tongliang to Chongqing, and arrived at the Mansion Hotel in the evening (the author took a military plane to Chongqing together). The next day, Feng Zhi'an moved to the United States Air Force Guest House in Luo Tian Wan. After Feng returned to Henan from Chongqing, he immediately went to Xinyang to inspect the troops and instructed the army commanders and division commanders to avoid contact with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, to preserve their strength, and to deal with the old man (referring to Chiang Kai-shek). After that, He Jifeng, Zhang Kexia, Wu Huawen, Sun Liangcheng, Zhang Lanfeng, Hao Pengju, Liu Ruming, Cao Fulin and others joined each other to prepare to form an anti-war alliance headed by Feng Zhi'an against the civil war. Most of them said that as long as Feng Yangzhi does it, we will follow suit. Later, due to disagreement. Feng didn't say anything, and the matter fell through. While in Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek told Feng Zhi'an in person to go to Xuzhou to accept the Japanese surrender. ("The Beginning and End of the Surrender of the Chinese Theater": In October 1945, Feng Zhi'an's 33rd Group Army accepted the surrender of the Japanese 11th Infantry Brigade in Xiaogan and Xinyang. However, when Feng arrived in Xuzhou, Chen Daqing had already completed his surrender in Xuzhou and received the pure light. Chen Daqing not only robbed the fruits of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and robbed all the Japanese and counterfeit materials, but also became the scope of acceptance of the property of all family members who had done things for the enemy and the puppets, and the people's grievances were boiling and the people were uneasy. Feng repatriated all the Japanese who were not angry with the people except for the war criminals. The 33rd Group Army marched to Xuzhou to accept Japan's surrender and failed, facing only the front line of the civil war. Feng Zhi'an angrily scolded him for coming to Xuzhou to die, and all the officers and men felt that it was Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy to eliminate the motley army by placing him on the front line of the civil war. For the sake of the whole army, Feng adopted a passive attitude of avoiding war, arranged something in Xuzhou, and took his family to the private residence of Shanzhongli on Changshu Road (Shanzhong Road) in Shanghai to celebrate the Spring Festival. The entourage lives on the ground floor, Feng and Shen Liying (Shen Sui), the tutor Lei Shuhua and their 4 children live on the second floor, and the family of his old friend Guo Zhihan lives on the third floor. The author and a platoon of pistolmen live in the good bell.
After the Spring Festival, Feng returned to Xuzhou, and when the special car passed through Bengbu, Deputy Commander-in-Chief Li Wentian led the band and many people to welcome him at the station. The special car went to Xuzhou, Feng chose a long-term address, and was guarded by a platoon of pistol teams in a small building south of the old chamber of commerce across the street from Xuzhou Park. At this time, Feng's 33rd Group Army was renamed the Third "Appeasement" Zone, with Feng as commander, underground Communist Party members Zhang Kexia and Li Wentian as deputy commanders, and Chen Jiyan, chief of staff, under the jurisdiction of the 59th Army and the 77th Army. The headquarters was first set up in the old mine of Jiawang. Feng lived in the Coal Mine Hospital and soon moved to a new mine. Both the new and old mines are walled with stone walls and have electricity grids that are energized day and night. Feng and army commanders He Jifeng and Liu Zhensan agreed that they should adopt the methods of avoiding battles, watching battles, advancing late, coping with the orders of "suppressing the communists," and giving explanations in person. He gave up the building in Shanzhongli, Changshu Road, Shanghai to the original wife Xie and her children to live in, and bought a building on Yuyuan Road, and often lived on Yuyuan Road with his wife Shen and his son, and rarely went to Xuzhou or Jiawang.
In the summer of 1947, under the pressure of Chiang Kai-shek, Feng Zhi'an gave up the policy of avoiding war and ordered Zhai Zifeng, the division commander, to lead the 38th Division to the Feixian front line and drill into the big pocket arranged by the People's Liberation Army. The People's Liberation Army surrounded the main force of the 38th Division in the city, eliminated the remnants of the 38th Division outside the city, deployed reinforcements south of Fei County, and then attacked Fei County with all its might. The 59th Army complained that Feng had sent the 38th Division to his death. For this reason, when Zhai Zifeng called for help, Feng immediately sent Ji Xingwen to lead the 37th Division to rush to the aid of Fei County. The 37th Division encountered an ambush by the People's Liberation Army, and the deputy division commanders Zhang Xiqing and Liu Jianxun were killed, and the 37th Division was almost completely wiped out. After the liberation of Philadelphia County, the commander of the 38th Division, Zhai Zifeng, was captured and later killed by the Kuomintang bombers. Yang Gansan, deputy commander of the 37th Division, was captured and pretended to be a gangman, but also escaped back and was promoted to division commander. Feng suffered this serious loss and suffered a major mental blow, and he only wept bitterly at the memorial service of the whole army to vent his unspeakable suffering.
After the collapse of the 38th Division, General Feng moved his headquarters from Jiawang Xinkuang to Dutianmiao in Xuzhou, set up a command post in Jiawang, and ordered Deputy Commander He Jifeng to be in charge of the work of the Jiawang command post and have full authority to command the 59th Army and the 77th Army. Soon, in the area west of Cangshan to the city, the People's Liberation Army surrounded the Ma Liwu Division of the 26th Division of the Fast Column. Feng telegraphed to He: "General Commander ordered us to reinforce the 26th Division, please act properly according to our predetermined resolution." He said, "I understand." He rushed to the 132nd Division and whispered to the division commander: "You must accept the lessons of the 37th Division, be flexible and flexible, and write a good report on the completion of the task." "The 132nd Division marched 30 miles a day, and by the middle of the 26th Division, it had all been annihilated. Seeing that the 26th Division, equipped with the most modern tank troops, was also annihilated, Feng transferred the 132nd Division to Xuzhou City Defense and recommended Deputy Commander Zhang Kexia to serve as Xuzhou City Defense Commander. The author once accompanied Feng to inspect the city defenses around Xuzhou, but did not see any fortifications. Zhang Kexia asked the staff office to draw a detailed map of Xuzhou's city fortifications, troop deployment, important terrain, and features, and send people to the liberated areas, as well as to Feng and Feng He's "general commanders."
On March 18, 1948, Feng held a banquet at the Xuzhou Garden Hotel to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the annihilation of the Japanese army at Xifengkou and the 10th anniversary of the formation of the 33rd Group Army with the generals above the division commander, and also congratulated He Jifeng on his promotion to the commander of the 77th Army five years ago, and secretly gave He 200 taels of gold to reward him for his contribution to reorganizing the troops.
Fan Yunmen, head of the communications group of the Third "Appeasement" Zone, was a clever man who controlled all the radio stations and wired telecommunications of the whole army. For many years, he has been listening to the news of Yan'an without stopping. His cousin, Lian Yugang, the former chief of staff of the 179th Division, changed his name to Li Yinnan after joining the party in Yan'an, and constantly came to visit Fan. He Jifeng's residence is not far from Fan, and he often goes to Fan's place to listen to Yan'an radio. Xiang Naiguang, who rebelled at the end of 1939 at Laohekou, Hubei, is said to have become the intelligence commissioner of the major general of the Ministry of Military Affairs and the director of the intelligence department of Xuzhou's "suppression general". In March, Xiang Naiguang suddenly came to Fan Yunmen to arrest He Jifeng for eavesdropping on the PLA radio as evidence of the crime, but was sneered back by He. When Feng Zhi'an heard the news, he gritted his teeth with hatred and scolded Xiang Naiguang for being a traitor, a leper dog, and a dog with gold epaulettes. Feng asked He to buy himself a good radio, and Feng also went to He's house to listen to the Communist Party's broadcast. Since the annihilation of the 26th Division, Feng completely obeyed Ho's principle of avoiding war, and replenished his troops and equipment. Feng had long known that Zhang Kexia was a member of the Communist Party and was constantly in contact with the Communist Party, and Feng covered up with sincerity and sincerity. He knew that there were some Communists under him, but he never asked.
Feng Zhi'an commanded operations at the front
The people rebelled and left, and went to Taiwan in disgrace
On October 7, 1948, the 132nd Division was ordered to drive from Xuzhou to the front, and all officers and men believed that this was not for combat, but because they did not trust the 132nd Division. In mid-October, Yang Side, director of the 13th Column Liaison Department of Huaye, director of the Democracy Movement, and representative of Commander Chen Yi, accompanied by Sun Bingchao of the Lunan Military Region Front Office, entered Jiawang through the position of the 3rd Battalion of the 111th Regiment of the 37th Division (the battalion commander was Wang Shijiang, a Communist Party member), and got in touch with He Jifeng, conveying Commander Chen's order to strive for Feng Zhi'an to revolt together with the troops in order to expand his influence. However, no one recommended Minister Yang and Feng to have a thorough exchange of views directly in person, so as to explain the Communist Party's united front policy, especially for those who made great contributions and had a great influence on the uprising, they would be treated with courtesy and given an important position. This is Feng's most concerned vital interests, but Feng knows nothing. At the end of October 1948, the author returned to Xuzhou with Feng from Yuyuan Road in Shanghai, and Feng nervously convened meetings of cadres above the head of the group one after another, which was nothing more than to stabilize the morale of the army and obey the command. Zhang Kexia went to Feng for a secret talk, and He Jifeng talked to Feng on the phone, asking Feng to go to Jiawang, all in order to win Feng to revolt together. In October 1948, Chiang Kai-shek ordered all the family members of the Third "Appeasement" Zone to move to Jiangnan as hostages. Feng's family also went to Shanghai. Those who did not participate in the uprising blindly obeyed the order, and only those who decided to decide the uprising had a clear understanding. On the evening of November 7, Zhang Kexia went upstairs to talk to Feng Mi, and at this time, He Congjia called Zhang and said to Zhang that he wanted Zhang to go to Jia Wang. When the author answered the phone, He and Fan Yunmen both asked the author to go to Jiawang on the phone, but the author did not understand that it was an uprising. Fan has imprisoned unreliable personnel and taken control of all radio stations and cable communications. On 8 November, He Jifeng, Zhang Kexia, Meng Shaolian, Guo Jiafang, and others had led the troops of the Third "Appeasement" Zone to revolt in Jiawang. And the defense line of the Baili Canal from Taierzhuang to Hanzhuang has been passed by the People's Liberation Army, cutting off the retreat of Huang Botao's corps. At that time, they kept Feng Zhi's security strictly secret. The author was in Xuzhou with Feng Zhi'an, knew nothing, and lost the opportunity to revolt, which made the author sad for the rest of his life!
At about 8 o'clock in the morning of November 8, on the second floor of Feng's residence opposite the gate of Xuzhou Park, the personnel above the director sat silently. In the courtyard there was a large truck with a row of pistolmen carrying large knives and plenty of bullets and grenades, two Czech light machine guns in the driver's shed, a radio station and a telegraph operator also got into the truck. There was a jeep parked next to it. The adjutant put Feng's luggage on the truck, and told the author to send the luggage to the truck as well, and went to Jiawang with Xu Tingrui, the deputy chief of staff of the Third "Appeasement" District Major General (who had been the chief of staff of He Jifeng for many years). Suddenly, I noticed some gendarmes and some New Army soldiers with Canadian iron abductors outside the gate, watching Feng's residence. The directors of the divisions came down from the second floor, and when I asked them what had happened, they all bowed their heads and stood silently next to the car ready to see them off. Feng walked slowly down from the second floor, looked out of the gate in the corridor (a meter higher than the courtyard), wandered slowly in silence, and then walked down the steps, and wandered slowly. The driver started the car, Xu Yanrui and I both stood next to the jeep, and the guards were ready to open the gate and let the car out. Feng suddenly said, "Don't go!" I went upstairs. The guards, the radio, the luggage, the telegrapher, all got out of the car. In the afternoon, Adjutant Liu Yuchun told me that all the troops had defected to the Communist Party, and there was a rumor that many people demanded that the commander-in-chief be shot, saying that he would not be unaware of the movements of the troops. Another adjutant informed the writer that he and Adjutant Lu Kai should accompany the commander-in-chief to "suppress the commander-in-chief" and plead guilty. On the way to "Suppress the President", Feng nervously looked at the sentry posts along the way, the car stopped in front of the north house of the "Suppression Boss", and he pushed the door in alone. Half an hour later, Feng came out with red circles in his eyes, and no one sent him. When the door opened, Lieutenant General Li Shuzheng, the chief of staff, stood in the room, and closed the door wordlessly. Feng let out a long breath in the car. When the car arrived at the gate, it was stopped by the gate guard, and it was released after asking for instructions by phone. When the car arrived at the bunker at the crossroads in the center of Xuzhou, seven or eight soldiers with bayonets shouted loudly: "Martial law is on, and you are not allowed to leave without a pass!" After asking for instructions by phone, it will be released. Feng returned to his residence, and all the directors went upstairs to visit. After dinner, the adjutant informed the author and Lu Kai to follow the commander to "suppress the general" again. This time, the car was still parked, and a man with a gun, pointing at Lu Kai, sent Feng's luggage into the room opposite the door of the war room to settle down, and told Feng to go to the room. The author and Lu Kai rested on the cold leather sofa outside. There are no lights, no stove heating, and no thermos of hot water. Lu Kai quietly told the author: "Division Commander Guo Jiafang brought a reinforced regiment to greet the commander-in-chief tonight. "I thought to myself, how can a regiment take people out? When it comes, this room may be our grave. At about 10 o'clock in the evening, Feng quietly came out and said, "Go, go back!" We quickly got into the car, and when we arrived at the downtown bunker, a group of soldiers with bayonets and Canadian submachine guns poked in front of the car with bayonets and shouted: "Go back!" We won't let it go no matter what we say. We had to go back to that cold room and freeze all night. As soon as it was dawn, Feng asked Lu Kai to bring his luggage. Back at Feng's residence, no one saw him off, and no one stopped him. On the evening of the 9th, Feng arrived at the airfield southeast of Xuzhou. As soon as Du Yuming got off the plane and shook hands with many generals one by one, he had come to replace Liu Zhi as the commander of the "suppression." (According to Du Yuming's "The Beginning and End of the Huaihai Campaign", Du flew from Nanjing to Xuzhou by plane on the night of November 11, 1948, and assumed the post of deputy commander of Xuzhou's "Suppression Chief".) No one paid attention to Feng. Feng then boarded the passenger plane and flew to Nanjing, where he stayed at Qin Dechun's place. The next day, Feng Zhi'an first went to He Yingqin's house, and then went to the house of Sun Lianzhong, the chief of staff in the presidential palace, and also went to the house of Yu Jishi and Song Ziwen. On the evening of the 10th, Feng Zhi'an was accompanied by Qin Dechun to meet Chiang Kai-shek, and Feng and Qin came out together dozens of minutes later. Feng seemed to be in tears, but his mood didn't seem to be heavy.
At the end of 1948, the Third "Appeasement" Zone had been abolished, and Feng returned to Yuyuan Road in Shanghai to serve as deputy commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison. Feng Zhi'an was still worried day and night about holding the army accountable for the uprising, and he had no intention of tea and dinner, his beard was long, he did not go out, and there were no guests to visit. One night, the officers and soldiers of Feng Zhai played mahjong all night. As soon as the morning dawned, there was a lot of noise, saying that the tiger skin mattress on the large sofa outside Feng's bedroom on the second floor had been stolen. People pointed out that the thief had entered the house from the north neighborhood, who had straddled onto the balcony on the second floor. Feng Zhi'an stared at the big sofa alone, and then turned his head into the bedroom without saying a word. After this incident, Feng was afraid of an assassin and asked Adjutant Wang Dezhong to secretly find a house, but it was unsuccessful. Soon, Feng Zhi'an flew to Taiwan with his whole family. Because he was no longer used by Chiang Kai-shek, he fled to the countryside and ended up depressed.