Nanduyun Classroom: Famous teachers guide the way and teach you to advance to become a "reading master"

Books and ideas fly together, and reading goes hand in hand with life. April 23 is World Book Day, and there is a famous saying that "books are the ladder of human progress", and reading also has stages, step by step, and it can gradually enter the better state. On the occasion of the Reading Festival, under the guidance of the Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau, the Guangzhou Education Research Institute and the Nandu Education Alliance jointly launched the "Famous Teacher Reading Class", inviting Guo Zijian, a famous teacher of Guangzhou No. 6 Middle School and a backbone teacher in Guangzhou, to decrypt the secret of reading and teach you to become a "reading master".

There are three "critical periods" in reading development

Guo Zijian believes that different stages of growth have different ways of reading. Primary and secondary school students have three key periods of reading development, namely the enlightenment period of grades 1-6, the development period of grades 7-9, and the maturity period of high school one-third year.

So what are the essentials of reading in each period? Guo Zijian pointed out that the enlightenment period is mainly to help children open the door to reading and stimulate children's interest in reading. You can help your child by:

Parent-child reading, and children read some fairy tales, so that children can open the door to reading in the fairy tale world. Children have the characteristics of liking to imagine, and we can recommend some synchronous books according to current affairs hotspots. Speaking and reading integration, reading and expression are inseparable, so that children can communicate their thoughts with people through the way of speaking.

The development period needs to pay more attention to how to develop reading ability, mainly in the following ways:

Read through the text, a lot of the content in the text is selected from the famous book, in the synchronous learning of the language, we can guide the children to read the relevant masterpieces, through the content of the text to understand the content of the whole book. The second is multi-dimensional reading, which can guide students to take reading notes, summarize the content of the book, excerpt good words and sentences, and write feelings. Lecture and reading integration, let students combine reading and writing, to promote reading and writing, and then to write to promote reading, to promote the development of reading and writing.

Finally, there is the maturation period. At this time, the development of students' core literacy is the main task, and the reading literacy of students is mainly improved in reading.

When reading a masterpiece, we should pay attention to the theme behind the masterpiece and the ideas, culture and history reflected in the theme. Orientation study, high school in particular emphasis on academic reading, so in the reading process, we can help students to conduct directional study, seize a topic for in-depth study, special topic learning. Reading thoughts benefits, reading and thinking are corresponding, and "thinking" contains two meanings, thought and thinking. By reading academic works, you can help students enrich their minds and open their minds.

Organize the table of contents and grasp the context

Have you ever seen a book so thick that you dare not open it, afraid of not being able to read it, or open a book and read a few pages and find that you can't read it anymore? It doesn't matter, Teacher Guo Zijian shares a way to easily start reading a book: the table of contents reading method.

"Table of Contents Reading Method", as the name suggests, is the method of reading books according to the table of contents. Table of contents is an important starting point for us to read a book, which can help us understand the content of the whole book, the form of the arrangement, the purpose of the author's writing, etc. Compared with the table of contents, we can know what the structure of the book is; compared with the table of contents, we can know what the focus of this chapter is; compared with the table of contents, we can clearly know where we have read; compared with the table of contents, we can focus on the overall situation and have the whole book in mind.

Guo Zijian took the whole book reading item "Native China" of the compulsory high school textbook as an example, indicating that the collation of the table of contents helps to grasp the context of the whole book. Reading "Native China", our first concern is the word "rural", what are the characteristics of China's countryside? In what ways are these characteristics manifested? What is the reason for its formation? These questions made us interested in reading. However, "Native China" is not a travel notebook, but an academic work, with difficulty and depth, and many concepts and terms may make us lose our way for a while. At this point, browsing the table of contents can help us quickly know what the book is studying. For example, in the first part, "The True Colors of the Land", as the name suggests, the "true colors" are close to the "essence", which can be seen as equivalent to "overview". Looking at the second article "Words Going to the Countryside" and the third article "Re-essay Characters Going to the Countryside", it can be seen that these two articles deal with "language and writing". Chapter 4, "The Pattern of Differences," and Chapter 5, "Maintaining Private Morality," both refer to interpersonal relationships. Chapter 6, "Family," Chapter 7, "The Difference Between Men and Women," and Chapter 12, "Blood and Geography," all refer to family structure. Chapters 8 through 11, namely "The Order of Etiquette", "No Litigation", "Politics of No Action", and "Rule of Elders", are all related to politics and law. Chapters 13 and 14, "The Separation of The Real and the Nominal" and "From Desire to Need", deal with the development and change of society. Around the topic of "native China", we make a simple classification after browsing the catalog, and it is not difficult to find that the author deeply dissects the structure and nature of Chinese rural society from six sections: overview, language and writing, interpersonal relations, family structure, political law, and development and changes. Browsing the table of contents is equivalent to drawing a mind map, from the trunk to the branches, from macro to micro, layer by layer, gradually refined, and the content and framework of a book are slowly unfolded in front of us.

Read the table of contents and figure out the contents

At the same time, reading the table of contents can also allow us to speculate on the contents of the whole book. Take "Dream of the Red Chamber" as an example. Each review of the whole book often corresponds to the two characters in the novel, the main form is "one word comment + character + event one word comment + character + event", such as the 21st "Xianxian Attacking People Jiaojiao Zhen Bao Yu Qiao Ping'er Soft Words Save Jia Lian", "Xian" is the author's evaluation of the attackers, "Pretty" is the author's evaluation of Ping'er, "Jiao zhen bao yu" and "soft language to save Jia Lian" are their respective things, such expressions make people clear at a glance and impressed. Another example is the 47th "Dumb Bully Flirting was beaten cold Langjun was afraid of disasters and went away", "Stay" is the author's evaluation of the Overlord, "Cold" is the author's evaluation of Lang Jun, very intuitively shows the personality characteristics of different characters, but who does "Overlord" and "Lang Jun" refer to? This still requires us to look for the answer in the text. The process of finding answers is the process of familiarizing yourself with the work, so reading the table of contents and experiencing it with our hearts can have a different kind of fun.

All in all, if reading is likened to a tour, then the catalog is a tour guide map of the tour. "The first time we visit a famous scenic spot, we always like to buy a tour guide map first, see where it is most worth seeing, which route is the most appropriate." Guo Zijian suggested that reading the table of contents can summarize the overall situation, easily open the door to reading, and start a wonderful reading journey.

Finishing and writing: Nandu reporter Liang Yanyan intern Lin Xinyu