"The World" begins with a crime novel and is influenced by Chernyshevsky's What to Do

"The World of Man" is different from Liang Xiaosheng's previous novels, that is, at the beginning of the novel, a murder case is laid out, so that the novel follows the pattern of crime fiction, and two-thirds of the plot chapters are used to solve the truth of this murder case one by one.

In fact, from the later plot of the novel, we can see that the real murderer of this murder case has not been cracked, but the relevant characters involved in this case have secretly told the truth and secret.

In Liang Xiaosheng's novel system, he obviously lacks interest in reasoning and detection, and he introduces a crime incident with a black complex at the beginning of the novel, just using it to connect the structure of the entire novel and glue the interrelationship of the characters, and the truth of this crime is completely exposed through the private transmission of the characters in an extremely narrow range, and the reader is more like a peek to learn the secret behind the scenes.

But this truth does not change the nature of the crime at the beginning. In a sense, this is actually a loophole in the novel.

The truth of the crime at the beginning of the novel, we first know from Zheng Juan's self-disclosure that there is a rape case hidden behind it, and the real murderer is Luo Shibin. Later, in the self-description of The Water Flowing to Bingkun, it was further revealed that there was another real murderer behind Tu Zhiqiang's murder, and the murderer behind the same murder pointed to Luo Shibin.

In this way, Luo Shibin is the real culprit, but he is safe and sound, the truth has been word of mouth among the people at the bottom, but he has never entered the temple of law, from the beginning to the end, "The World" has not given the truth due clarification through justice.

Therefore, the beginning of the crime in "The World" is nothing more than Liang Xiaosheng's false shot, the need to structure the plot of the novel and glue the character image. The cracking and reasoning of the crime did not enter Liang Xiaosheng's eyes.

In this way, the social reality in "The World" is more like a space where the law has not distinguished between right and wrong and black and white.

Where does this setup come from?

In fact, we find that the beginning of "The World" with a crime and the fate of the characters is largely influenced by Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" " impact.

In fact, "What to do?" This novel is mentioned repeatedly in "The World of Man" and is deeply involved in the psychological space of the characters.

Liang Xiaosheng not only used "What to Do?" when he was writing about the psychology of the characters. The plot elements of "What to Do?" and when he conceived the entire novel, he also used "What to Do?" " lays the groundwork for a structural novel that begins with a suspenseful case.

Let's first look at how "The World" borrows from "What to Do?" The background and depth of the character portrayal in ""

Bingkun in "The World of Man", when he was faced with a choice of love, put Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" He found it from the bookcase that his brother Bingyi had entrusted him to keep, trying to find the answer.

And Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? Lenin was also in this book, looking for revolutionary answers.

Apparently, Bingkun and Lenin, in Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? The goals sought in " are different.

Today we see Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? As a revolutionary part, because the author deliberately hid it in the special circumstances of the writing era at that time, we do not feel more passionate and spirited than the later novels that go straight to show the revolutionary situation.

As Bing kun from Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" What he saw in this way, it was easier for him to sit in the seat of the main clue of love in the novel.

From the point of view of a purely literary reader, Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? ", with its novel narrative and literary creativity.

It's just that in many cases, this novel is ignored by us.

Chernyshevsky's identity as a revolutionary, the critic's positioning, and the obscure language of the novel all led to his novel What to Do? In the history of Russian literature, it is not obvious, and Chinese readers, relatively speaking, are not fascinated by it.

However, Liang Xiaosheng mentioned Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" many times in his novels. (This novel is also mentioned in "Zhiqing"), it can be seen that Liang Xiaosheng has a special love for this novel, and it can be seen that Liang Xiaosheng has an in-depth reading experience of Russian and Soviet literature.

Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? Written around 1862, the author was around 34 years old at the time, and can be called a young author.

At such an age, Chernyshevsky was able to describe the complexity of human nature so deeply and enlighteningly in the novel, until Bingkun read the novel in 1973, more than a hundred years apart, and the young thirty-something Chernyshevsky stayed in "What to Do?" The secrets of human nature in "" are still permeated with fiery flames.

Lenin in Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? ", I saw the power of the revolutionaries, but, judging from the image shaping of the novel, "What to do?" The image of the revolutionary in "" is precisely very conceptual, limited by the conditions of publication at that time, and its spiritual world is also secretive, and on the whole, it does not leave any impression on people, but the love story on the front of the novel is unforgettable and more difficult to let go.

When Bingkun read this novel, he saw the main line of love in the foreground of the novel, and imagined himself as the hero in the novel, how he would choose his love like the male protagonist.

Undoubtedly, Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? The choice of love in "" strengthens Bingkun's confidence and determination to boldly choose Zheng Juan.

As a general audience in modern society, Bingkun naturally captures the information themes related to love choices in the foreground of the novel, and it is difficult to obtain the empathy experience of the hidden themes contained in the novel by the author to expound his revolutionary ideas.

Today, we are more likely to agree with Bingkun's way of reading, that is, to change Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" As a pure literary reading, from which we can be confined to the dimension of literature and feel the novel and fresh meaning of the part of the novel that can stimulate our literary appreciation and appreciation ability.

The novel has a prologue like an introduction before the main narrative.

This prologue, like the sensational chapters in detective novels that everyone likes to mention, uses a strange suicide case as a pretext to raise the audience's appetite for curiosity and pursuit of the truth.

Then, the author lets go of the plot that actually happens in the middle part of the novel, and tells how the suicide fog in the prologue is condensed step by step in chronological order.

This kind of extraction of the most intense and violent parts of the novel and placed in the opening position to achieve the effect of attracting attention has become a routine template used frequently in novel writing.

Chernyshevsky's novel What to Do? The main reason why Chernyshevsky does not pay attention to the unity of the character's perspective or the flow linearity of time in the novel, and the unity of this perspective and the flow linearity of time are precisely one of Tolstoy's contributions to the template of the novel.

In the novel, Chernyshevsky piles together large paragraphs of content without subdividation, and the brushstrokes of the description suddenly jump from one character to another, causing the reader to jump around continuously, and finally directly follow the character. Modernist novels, almost all of which have this characteristic, make people look very headache.

And "What to Do?" There are also large paragraphs of confusing discussion and analysis, which continue to pour up, occupying the space of several pages, and it is even more painful to read.

Such a novel is quite difficult to read, there is no excitement and excitement, but Chernyshevsky puts a major plot turning point in the novel - the protagonist's suicide by jumping into the river from the plain storyline to the beginning, and suddenly let the suspense run through the entire novel, this suspense point, until the end of the novel, unhurriedly unhooked, so that the simple structure is replaced, and the entire flat and direct novel structure has the inherent vitality and tension of the qifeng reversal.

Does this structure have an impact on Liang Xiaosheng in "The World of Man"?

That's exactly what happened. At the beginning of "The World", it was almost like "What to Do?" ", too, is also a huge suspense of shooting a prisoner at once, and the audience's appetite is hung up.

This is the Tu Zhiqiang murder case, which is prominently described at the beginning of the novel.

The suspense of this murder case runs through the entire novel, until the end of the water flow in the lower part of the novel, and he also mentions the various doubts and mysteries behind this murder.

Imagine, if there is no foreshadowing of the Tu Zhiqiang murder incident, then the whole story of "The World of Man" is a running account.

It is the antecedents and consequences behind this case, and the delayed effect it releases, that causes the central characters in the novel to always revolve around this case and run their psychological flow and behavior trajectory.

It now seems that the story structure of "The World" has been influenced by Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" " has a great impact.

And Liang Xiaosheng also does not hide in the novel, let the main character Bingkun draw nutrition and inspiration from this book when facing the major choices of life, which is the nourishment of the characters in the novel in their thinking, and Liang Xiaosheng himself, in the conception of the novel, borrowed from Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" The story design in "" allows a case to lift up the mystery of human nature, running through the entire novel, so that the novel has a chain of clues that is stripped away and solved one by one, and has its own plot tension.

In this sense, "What to Do?" written around 1862. In the internal structure of the novel, it still has a rich accumulation of learning and application by today's authors, Chernyshevsky's "What to Do?" "" is worth our serious reading, just like Bingkun in "The World" tries to find the key to solving the confusion of life, as a literary lover, we can also learn from Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" Stealing useful writing skills.

In Liang Xiaosheng's creative practice, we can see Chernyshevsky's novel "What to Do?" It has a leading and exemplary role.