Cold Food Festival Qingming Festival Tang poems seven, one after another, and when the cold food blooms, what is the flower?
Speaking of the Qingming Festival, we all know that the Qingming Festival is a big festival of the year, a festival and a festival. The emphasis is on pursuing the distant in the end, sending mourning, and having a profound dialogue with the ancestral souls of heaven and earth in the most beautiful March spring.
But few people in contemporary times know that these important connotations about sacrifices of the Qingming Festival belong to a festival that has disappeared, the Cold Food Festival, and many people only know that there is a Qingming Festival, but do not know that there is a Cold Food Festival.
Why did the Qingming Festival form a tradition of sacrifice? The customs and traditions of these sacrifices are actually the cold food festival.
The Cold Food Festival originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty and is an ancient fire forbidden festival. In ancient times, people knew that the increase in spring thunderstorms was very easy to cause mountain fires, so in order to sacrifice the fire god and avoid mountain forest fires, it was forbidden to burn in mountains and forests in the spring, which was emphasized by the ancients on environmental protection. During the fire ban and the re-raising of the fire, the family only ate cold food.
In the Spring and Autumn Period of the Jin Dynasty, Jie Zi Tui followed the Prince of jin for nineteen years, hardships and hardships, and the protector did not abandon the lord. However, when Zhong'er ascended to the throne, The meson pushed back in a hurry and went home to live in seclusion with his mother. Heavy ear in search of the meson push, the fire burned the Mianshan Mountain, causing a forest fire, the meson Tui and his mother unfortunately died. Heavy ears are deeply guilty, and order the whole country to ban fire in honor of the loyal minister Takako Jiezi Tui.
So was this fire ordered to burn with heavy ears? I'm afraid not. What is good on the top must be done on the bottom, and it is the season of mountain fires. The death of The Meson Tui may have made Zhong'er re-examine his own wishes, and his own wishes were probably to go against Providence, touch the god of anger, and lose his good subjects, which is a painful lesson. Therefore, after the death of the meson, in order to commemorate the meson, the day was called the Cold Food Festival, and a nationwide sacrifice was held, which actually strengthened the content of the ancient fire festival.
Spring and Autumn Period Of the Jin Dynasty Cold Food Festival, not only banned fire, but also had a spiritual centripetal force, after the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the local people maintained this tradition, cold food festival, some places up to a month, customs, and fear of mountain fires, and later seriously affected the people's livelihood and economy. But another custom was born, that is, when the sacrifice of the meson push, people came up to the mountain with cold food to sacrifice their ancestors.
This kind of sacrifice, which was not originally affirmed by the authorities and has no historical heritage, is a spontaneous act of the people in specific circumstances and conditions, which is called a wild sacrifice. Because the meson pushes the age, but his ancestors are also worth remembering.
After the return of the Three Kingdoms to the Jin Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty vigorously promoted the loyalty and filial piety of Jiezi Tui, and the Cold Food Festival became a national festival. The custom of worshipping ancestors during the Cold Food Festival also spread.
After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the sacrifice of ancestors in the Cold Food Festival became a folk tradition, and perhaps many people who were not in the Jin region did not know about this kind of sacrifice, which was originally the sacrifice of the meson. But in the spring of the year, it is also the people's desire to have such a festival and sacrifice their ancestors.
The official used to be very surprised that this kind of sacrifice, without a longer historical support, is incompatible with the ancient rites and the time is not right, and is called a wild sacrifice. And there were so many people gathered that it was once forbidden to allow such sacrifices to exist.
But since it is a folk custom, and it has such a deep emotional background, it is difficult to stop.
Especially in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, many officials were born from the folk, and the Cold Food Festival was the immortal memory of the ancestors who accompanied their growth, and it cannot be said that they were officials, so they would not return to their hometown to sacrifice.
In the Tang Dynasty, the legitimacy of the ancestor sacrifice of the Cold Food Festival was simply affirmed. For example, the Tang Dynasty often put the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival together, initially not because the Qingming Festival is a very important festival, because many officials are pressed for time, the Cold Food Festival is not enough to go back and forth for one or two days of vacation, and the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival are taken together, which is actually to facilitate the officials to sacrifice and sweep.
Because, the Cold Food Festival is one hundred and five days after the winter solstice, and the Qingming Festival is one or two days after the Cold Food Festival.
As a festival holiday, the Qingming Festival carried the important sacrificial content of the Cold Food Festival, and later, especially contemporary people, it was no longer clear about the Cold Food Festival. Of course, it is not clear that the Qingming Festival has become the origin of the festival of sacrifice. Many people know the Qingming Festival, but do not know the Cold Food Festival.
In fact, in ancient times, the Cold Food Festival was the most important festival that carried the activities of ancestor sacrifice.
Many people rush to their hometown ancestral graves before the Cold Food Festival or the Cold Food Festival, just like the contemporary Qingming Dynasty.
"On the edge of Guangwu City in the late spring, Wenyang returned to the guests with tears.
Falling flowers lonely crying mountain birds, willow green crossing water people. Sheng Tang · Wang Weihan (一作路上作) (726)
The 25-year-old Wang Wei has actually developed well in the capital, his hometown of Yuncheng, Shanxi, at the age of 15, debuted as a talented musical teenager in Chang'an, and was deeply liked by the royal family and nobles. Some say that he was 20 years old and entered the jinshi yuan, and some say that he was 30 years old. No matter what the point in time, Wang Wei in this decade, on the surface, seems to be quite proud of the spring breeze, because he is a guest of honor of the royal family, and many major musical banquets will invite him.
But Wang Wei may not be as cheerful as he seems. From the age of 15 when he entered Beijing, he was quite uncomfortable in his heart, and at the age of 17, he wrote that he was alone in a foreign country as a stranger, and he thought of his relatives every festive season.
The interpersonal relationship in Beijing is complicated, and Wang Wei's only response is to indulge in professional music, build and maintain human design, anyway, he eats by talent, and probably not many people care about his heart, or he himself is not willing to say anything more.
But this poem, written on the way back home on the Cold Food Festival, exposed his depression.
He returned to his hometown to visit the grave. Seeing the walls of Guangwu City in Shanxi, he suddenly couldn't help but shed tears.
How long has it been since I got home? Or maybe he wasn't suitable for Chang'an in the first place.
I personally think that Wang Wei went to the capital at the age of 15, maybe it was the expectations of the family or the family, and felt that he could not bury this child, but Wang Wei's transparent precocious puberty was not precisely because he had a high hope for his career, but inadvertently, he was pushed by fate onto the stage of Chang'an, and he brought his own starlight.
Sensitive, he quickly realized that he was not suitable, but as a heavyweight musical talent, he had a lot of intersection with the royal family and could not get out, so he chose Mingzhe to protect himself, and finally bought the suburb of Chang'an with financial resources, and simply buried himself there, which was the financial resources he had after he was more than forty years old.
And now, at the age of 25, he left Chang'an and rushed to the road back to his hometown, and the feeling of wandering in his heart was finally released on the road.
He likes the empty and bright mountains here, the flowers are lonely, the mountain birds are graceful, and the willows are green.
This was the hometown he never wanted to leave.
Many years later, Wang Wei's Yuanchuan actually copied this kind of tranquility similar to his hometown, with wood-ended hibiscus flowers, red calyxes in the mountains, deep streams and no one, opening and falling.
The tomb of the ancestors of the Qingming Festival of the Cold Food Festival actually gives the wanderer a sense of spiritual home. Returning to his hometown at cold food is Chinese simple hometown wish, although many times, people are like Wang Wei, for various reasons, his hometown has no place for him.
"Spring City is full of flowers, cold food East Wind Royal Willow Slope."
Candles were passed down at the Han Palace, and light smoke spread into the Wuhou family. "Don · Han Hong's "Cold Food"
In fact, the ancients wrote poems about cold food with many emotions and sorrows. Logically, the most beautiful poems of the Cold Food Festival should also carry this kind of sadness. But on the contrary, the most famous cold food poem that has been handed down is such a light and dreamy poem, but also atmospheric and bright.
In Chang'an City, there was also a cold food festival, and at this time it was about half empty, because many people went out of the city, and those who stayed in the capital were nobles, and the door was strict.
In fact, on this day in Chang'an, the wind and things are sunny, but relatively lonely.
Loneliness also has benefits, there is no fireworks, there is very little vocals, and Chang'an is not lacking in willow trees, Han Yu's early spring poems say, it is better than smoke willows full of imperial capital. At this time, it is no longer the beginning of spring, the most lush late spring, the season of willow flowers.
The spring breeze blows the willows all over the city, and they fly in the clear light, like spring snow all over the streets. A silent city, filled with a huge number of white willow flowers, they fly freely.
Those who stayed at home rolled up the curtains, or ascended to the distance, they could see the rows of willow trees on the side of the purple micro palace wall, swaying in the spring wind, blowing out the flowers and snow.
Li Shangyin has one of the most beautiful poems: "Reclining on the railing blows willows, and the sun is high and deep in the courtyard." ”
On the day of the Cold Food Festival, it is certainly not that there is no one, but there are few fireworks and fewer people, and the voices are silent, only this day is the world of willow flowers, clear and beautiful. Let Chang'an, which has always been noisy, return to the embrace of nature like pressing the pause button, and also produce supernatural beauty.
It is precisely because there are few pedestrians on the street, or a huge number of pedestrians, sweeping the grave, and have not yet returned to the city.
So a team of people and horses, under the line of sight, is particularly eye-catching. It was a team of horses dressed in brocade from the court, and they walked in the city of Willow and reached the nobles, and the tray of gift boxes contained candles. It was the emperor who sympathized with important noble courtiers, and allowed the fire to be lit at dusk on the cold food festival, and gave candles personally. Ordinary people do not have such good luck, because they must be two days after the Cold Food Festival, the Qingming Festival, in order to make a fire and smoke.
This poem, elegant and light, is like an extended court scroll.
Because "Spring City is everywhere flying flowers" wrote the beauty of the seasons, because "light smoke scattered into the five hou family", wrote the royal and aristocratic style, has become a must-see poem for many people to remember the Tang Dynasty.
March Flying Flowers, the allusion comes from this poem. Bright and light. Some people say that this is the most beautiful poem of cold food.
But there are also objections, because there is another one.
"In February, Jiangnan is full of flowers, and the cold food in other places is far from sad.
Poor people often have no smoke and fire, and they are not alone in the Ming Dynasty. "Sheng Tang · Meng Yunqing's "Cold Food"
The Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival are often in the beginning of March of the lunar calendar, because the ancient almanac is a yin-yang calendar, and occasionally the cold food will fall at the end of february of the lunar calendar.
In Jiangnan in February, flowers are full of branches, and I live a cold food festival in another country, I can't go back to my hometown, and my heart is sad.
Poor families today do not have fireworks, and often do not have fireworks, but not because they are specially designed to commemorate the meson push.
One look at this poem, you understand.
This is because he is poor, others do not light lights, it is a memorial, he is so poor that he can't even light fireworks.
Moreover, Meng Yunqing was a person in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, why was he in such a situation and said such sad words?
Meng Yunqing, a native of Shandong, was 30 years old in the year of the Anshi Rebellion, and in the spring he passed the entrance examination, and in the winter he encountered the Anshi Rebellion. He did not follow Tang Xuanzong, but like Du Fu, followed Suzong, witnessing the turmoil of the Anshi Rebellion and the country after the plunder of war.
After his 40s, he was sent to the South China Sea as an official, but the reason is unknown. Usually such places are either demeaning or have important tasks. The South China Sea should refer to the Area around Fujian and Guangdong.
This poem, written in another country's embarrassment. Is it his embarrassment, or the embarrassment of the local people?
I think, all of them. After all, the Anshi Rebellion was so destructive to the Tang Dynasty that the people in remote areas, who had benefited from the convenient transportation of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, had improved their lives, and at this time they must have returned to poverty.
And he who has experienced the war, he is also quite clean.
Comparing his poem with Han Hong's "Cold Food", this is the most sober and hard-hitting cold food. The people are suffering, and the dead people are suffering.
"There is no flesh and blood relative, only two or three days a year."
There are flowers and trees in Tsukatou, and the spring color is not related to the people under the spring. "Don · Xiong Rudeng "Cold Food Wild Hope"
This is the sacrifice of the Cold Food Festival, in fact, now looking at it, it is also written about the Qingming Festival.
However, the ancient people's sacrifice to sweep the grave was heavy on the cold food festival.
Standing in front of the graves of ancestors, cautiously pursuing the distance, must also have feelings about life and death.
You see, worship and cleaning, every family's grave, are their own descendants, and only their own descendants can be so religious.
But even so, coming to this place in a year is only two or three hours.
Do not plant a tree with flowers at the head of the grave, for no matter how beautiful the blossoms are, the dead buried in the soil will never be seen again.
This poem has a clear sense of life and death, and is in line with Tao Yuanming's elegy.
For the Tang Dynasty people, especially the literate people, they certainly did not believe in reincarnation or eternal life after death. Or there is, but the reality is that death is a great divide, cut off from life.
But for those who lie here, everything in the world has nothing to do with them. This is similar to Tao Yuanming's homesickness.
But the poem expresses a sadness of time and death.
If you lie here, the flowers and trees and the cries of your loved ones are actually gone, which is the sustenance of the living.
But Tao Yuanming said it well, and the body of the same mountain is the perfection of great tranquility.
This poem is a fragment of real reflections, reminding people to cherish life, life is only once.
In fact, it has also been confirmed that in the Tang Dynasty or the pre-Tang Dynasty for many years, the Cold Food Festival was the day to sweep the tombs and worship the ancestors. At this time, the Qingming Festival is still the extension and tail of the Cold Food Festival.
"Go to Riding and say goodbye, knowing that the cold food will return."
In good weather, teach ironing to see flower clothes. "Zhongtang · Wang Jian's "Spring Yi Two Songs Part 1"
Since cold food is a festival of ancestor worship and has become a custom, almost as long as the wanderers who can return to their hometowns will rush to return to their hometowns in the cold food.
The Cold Food Festival Qingming Festival has also become a rare reunion day of the year, especially for the families of people who are separated and their husbands are working outside, looking forward to the arrival of the Cold Food Festival.
When you go, you know that you will definitely return from the Cold Food Festival.
I look at these days, the weather is really good, quickly ask the servant to turn out the spring clothes, carefully iron, stay waiting for you to come back to see the flowers together.
How much to look forward to the beautiful mind.
The dead are long gone, and there are still all kinds of worries, wishes, and loves to live.
Knowing that you will come back, cleaning the house over and over again, looking at the flowers and clothes, just waiting for the good people to return.
In fact, every ancient festival contains the meaning of reunion, the days are spent in separation and reunion and expectation, thousands of years of life, ups and downs, no difference.
"The horse is temporarily looking for the original road, and the fallen flowers and herbs are still there."
The family destroyed a dream, and the sorrow and cold food day were encountered. Don · Chongsheng Temple "Ghost Inscription Wall" The second purple-clad man
"Hanzhou Chongsheng Temple, cold food day, suddenly there is a person in Zhu Yi, a person in purple clothes, driving the temple servants and horses are extremely prosperous, each inscription is a sentence on the wall, lost its place."
This poem was written on the wall of the Chongsheng Temple in Dali, Yunnan, and it is not clear who wrote it. But since it is written by the Tang Dynasty people, it is probably the Five Dynasties period. The Tang Dynasty had the State of Nanzhao, which was established in the 26th year of The Tang Dynasty (738). In the second year of Tianfu (902), it survived for 64 years, and the Tang Dynasty also fell in 907.
Who stayed here and wrote this poem?
According to rumors, it was a cold food of a certain year, and two officials dressed in vermilion and purple clothes came, hugging each other and writing poems, and people went to look for them, and they were gone along with the centaurs.
They are certainly not ghosts. There are many mountains and forests here, and they come in full costume, either to mourn the death of the Nanzhao monarch with cold food, or to mourn the fall of the Tang Dynasty. And you can't stay here for a long time, you can only do your best. Or maybe someone here knows who they are and will cover for them.
It is a poem of mourning, mourning the death of the nation.
Riding a horse is here, to find here, the flowers and herbs here are still the same.
It's just a dream of the country breaking the family, and today is the Cold Food Festival.
In another poem, the last time I came here is recorded, ten years ago.
Some say it's ghost poetry, and many of the people who came here in costume about a decade ago are already politically dead.
The poem is not legendary, nor is it written by a ghost. It's just a ghostly word.
Although the subversion of one dynasty and one era is unpopular, in the hearts of those who long for peace, the reason why the old kingdoms and dynasties are worth remembering is because they once cared for the infinite people with seeming stability.
"One after another, and when it comes to cold food."
Whoever can't help the fire, always here flowers and branches. Zhongtang · Cao Song "Cold Eclipse Day Title Rhododendron"
A chic little poem.
One after another, and the head blooms in the cold food, what kind of flower is that?
Everywhere there are no bans on fire, who does not have a ban on fire, and will burn the flames on the branches?
What is this flower, so bright and beautiful as fire?
It's a mountain azalea, it's a mountain full of red.
But this little poem, the more you look at it, the more timeless it becomes, and its meaning is profound.
Because the legend of the rhododendron is the Wangdi of the Shu Kingdom, after learning of the fall of the country, he vomited blood and died, and the soul turned into a cuckoo bird, and the blood stains turned into azaleas full of mountains.
Rhododendrons represent loyalty, patriotism, and remembrance.
And this kind of feeling is hidden in the heart of every person with feelings, like a heartbeat, like a flame, which cannot be forbidden.
It's love, it's affection. Rhododendrons bloom all over the mountains during the Cold Food Festival.
It is a remembrance of the homeland, a remembrance of the ancestors, a lovesickness for the lover, a wish for the future.
Some people say that the flower of cold food is a pear blossom, an apricot blossom.
The flower of Qingming, the actual cold food flower, is the rhododendron.
Later generations of cold food and Qingming merged, and the Qingming Festival carried the important sacrificial core of the Cold Food Festival and became an important festival of sacrifice.
But those who know the history must know the origin of the Qingming Festival. It is closely related to the Cold Food Festival.
Hatsuyoshi Katsuyuki interprets the love and beauty in the poems for you. Image from the web.