"On the day of the Qingming Dynasty, Ping was born."
- "Yi Zhou Shu Shi Xun"
In fact, qingming, as a natural solar term, already existed in the pre-Qin period. The early days, like other solar terms, were just a productive agricultural solar term. At this time, the climate in the southern region is refreshing and warm, and the earth shows the image of spring and jingming; the northern region is gradually cut off from snow and gradually enters the sunny spring. Rising temperatures, increased rainfall, and budding flowers and plants are a great time for spring plowing.
"Fifteen days after the spring equinox, when the bucket finger B is b, the clear wind will arrive."
- "Huainanzi Astronomical Training"
△ "Huainanzi Astronomical Training", Chinese Garden culture department
"The imperial city of the sun is in the spring, and the capital is poured into the morning."
- Tang Dynasty Cui Hao, "Shangwei"
"Spring City is full of flowers, cold food East Wind Royal Willow Slope."
- Tang Dynasty Han Hong, "Cold Food"
"There are many cemeteries in the north and south of the mountain, and the Qingming Festival sweeps away all kinds of things."
—— Song Dynasty Gao Yi, "Qingming Day to Wine"
At the same time as and adjacent to the Qingming Festival, there are also the Shangwei Festival and the Cold Food Festival. However, in the later development process, Qingming gradually absorbed the contents of the Shangwei Festival and the Cold Food Festival, and flowed to this day.
Do you know the relationship between Qingming and cold food?
Qingming is not only a festival of spring, but also due to the integration of the customs and events of cold food, it has gradually evolved into a humanistic festival with many customs and rich national cultural connotations.
"In the middle of the spring, it is forbidden to cultivate fire in the middle of the country."
- "Zhou Li"
In the pre-Qin period, the northern part of the mainland had a relatively strict fire ban system, and there were customs of banning fire and changing fire from the official to the people. When the new fire has not arrived, people can only eat cold food that has been prepared long ago, so it is called the Cold Food Festival.
"A dangerous seat in the Lingao Pavilion, march Qingming changed to a new fire."
--Song Sushi, "Xu Makes Jun Divide the New Fire"
According to the custom of the Tang and Song Dynasties, fire and cold food were forbidden the day before the Qingming Dynasty, and then the Fire was raised to give hundreds of officials on the Qingming Festival, called "new fire". Extinguishing all the fires handed down from the previous year is the "forbidden fire." Then re-drill the flint to take out the new fire, which is called "changing the fire". During the period of fire prohibition and fire change, people must prepare enough cooked food to live cold.
Later, in the folk, there was a legend of "meson push", which gave the cold food festival a thick historical and cultural connotation.
△ Meson push The picture originates from the network
Jiezi Tui was a Jin nobleman who followed Gongwen Zhong'er of Jin through nearly twenty years of exile, during which he cut off the flesh on his thighs to eat when he was starving for food. Later, When Zhong'er returned to china to take power, he originally wanted to repay Yu Jiezhi Tui, but Jie Zi Tui did not seek Li Lu, and returned to Mianshan with his mother, Jin Wengong listened to the rumors, and ordered him to set fire to the mountain in order to force him to go out of the mountain to meet him, and Jie Zi Tui resolutely did not go out of the mountain, and finally his mother was burned to death under a willow tree in Mianshan Mountain, Jiexiu County, Shanxi.
Cut the flesh and serve the king with all his heart, but may the lord always be clear.
The ghost under the willow is finally gone, and it is strong as if he is a companion to the king as a courtier.
If the Lord has me in his heart, remember me and always introspect myself.
The subject has no shame in the Nine Springs, and is diligent and clear-sighted.
In order to commemorate Jiezhi's loyalty to the king and patriotism, Jin Wengong ordered that no fire should be built the day before the Qingming Festival to send mourning. Therefore, whenever there is a cold food, the people will steam the green dough in advance as a cold food for the cold food festival, in order to cater to the customs, and to commemorate the wind and bone and character of the sages who are willing to live in seclusion, do not ask for rewards, and do not lose their qualifications for profit.
Do youth leagues, inherit folk customs, and remember Qingming
"The ancients ate cold and picked the leaves of Yang Tong, dyed rice blue for sacrifice, and Ziyang Qi also changed into Qingming Tuanzi, which is also righteous."
——Ming Dynasty Lang Ying's "Seven Revision Drafts"
The food custom of eating Green Tuan before and after the Qingming Dynasty can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. Earliest, the youth group was used for sacrifice. In modern times, people eat green dough more in response to orders, and the function of sacrifice is increasingly weakened.
As the name suggests, "green" refers to the color and "tuan" refers to the shape.
Qingtuan is deeply loved by people because of its color like jasper, its texture is sticky and soft, fat and not plump. Qingtuan looks at the simple workmanship, but the taste is sweet, after watching the video, do you want to do it yourself, make a Qingtuan to taste it?
During the Qingming Dynasty, the spring is bright and the grass and trees are green, let us be grateful, in the infinite spring light, feel the charm of traditional culture and garden culture!
Tips
Please make a reservation for your tickets in advance. Due to the limited parking space in the parking lot, please cooperate with the on-site staff to guide and wait in line for admission. If the parking space in the museum is full, you can choose to park your car in the nearby parking lot with sufficient parking spaces.
During the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, please abide by the national epidemic prevention regulations such as appointments, staggered peaks, flow restrictions, code inspections, and temperature measurements, obey the guidance of the staff, and thank you for your cooperation.
Please pay attention to the protection and safety, wear masks scientifically, maintain a distance of one meter, and enjoy the flowers in a civilized and safe manner.