Qi Qing Jing Ming is for Qingming.
Cover news reporter Xu Yuyang according to the network
The heavens and the earth of all things, the qi is clear and clear, which is called clear.
Among the twenty-four solar terms on the mainland, the only one that is both a solar term and a festival is Qingming. This also makes "Qingming" a day with both solemn and joyful emotional atmospheres. As a festival, the Qingming Festival is a good time for the Spring Festival to turn around and the spring to warm the earth, which is a good season for a harmonious spring breeze; as a festival, the Qingming Festival is also a day to pay tribute to the deceased.
When it comes to Qingming, there must be Du Mu's saying that "during the Qingming season, the rain is pouring, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls". Then Bai Juyi wrote about traveling during the Qingming Festival to visit the tomb: "The crowing magpies are noisy and the trees are dim, and the Qingming cold food who cries... Tang pear blossoms reflect poplar trees, full of dead and alive parting places. "Remembrance is far-reaching, solemn and sentimental.
wicker
However, the Tang Dynasty poetry and Song Ci, Qingming and sorrowful works are not the mainstream, but mostly describe the customs of the Qingming Dynasty. Everything grows at this time, all are clean and clear, the spring season is coming, it is not too hot, the wind blows the breath of a hundred flowers, it is a good situation to enjoy spring play, fast horse whip.
Taking new fires, swinging swings, and planting willows are the qingming images that appear the most in Tang and Song poems.
And will try new tea with new fire, poetry wine to take advantage of the years
"Spring is not old, and the wind is fine and the willows are oblique. Try to look up at the transcendental stage, half a trench spring water a city flower. Smoke and rain darken a thousand homes. After the cold food, the wine woke up but consulted. Hugh thinks of his homeland and tries new tea with a new fire. Poetry and wine take advantage of the years. "Su Shi's famous article "Wangjiangnan ChaoranTaizuo" is exactly the Qingming period described. Among them, the "new fire" in "new fire to try new tea" is an important custom of the Qingming festival in the Tang and Song dynasties.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival were usually linked together, the Cold Food Festival forbade fire and cold food, and the Qingming Day was to use a new fire. Jia Dao has a poetry cloud: "Today's Qingming Festival, the garden is victorious." The sunny wind blows willows, and the new fire starts cooking smoke. "There are different theories about the source of the prohibition of fire on the Cold Food Festival, but by the Tang Dynasty, it had become an important custom recognized by the government. The Tang Huijiao, which describes the evolution and changes of the various canonical systems of the Tang Dynasty, mentions: "From now on, cold food and fire will be forbidden for three days. ”
And the Qingming Festival, which follows immediately after the cold food, has the necessity of "taking new fire" and "changing fire". Especially in the Tang Dynasty, the Qingming "fire" evolved into the Qingming "fire", showing a grace that the royal family gave the new fire to the hundred officials. And Tang Dynasty officials were also honored to receive "fire" on the day of the Qingming Dynasty. Han Yi's famous article "Cold Food" says that "candles are passed on at the han palace at dusk, and light smoke is scattered into the five marquises' homes", which is exactly the description of the royal family after giving fire to hundreds of officials during the cold food and Qingming period.
According to the "Quan Tang Poems", the Tang Dynasty Emperor's ninth year of the Jinshi examination question is titled "Qing Ming Day Gives Hundred Officials New Fire", and the poets Shi Yan and Wang Mao all have the same inscription, which reads: "Zhu Qiao passed on the red candle, and the heavenly kitchen gave the close subject." "Glory divides his day, and grace and light share this day." It expressed the joy of the subjects for receiving the "fire". This custom of "giving fire" continued into the Song Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu also received such favors. He mentioned in the "Qingming New Fire": "Tonghua should wait for the festival, and the Yuhuo pushes the grace and the servants." ”
Ordinary people will also "make fire" on their own during the Qingming season. Du Fu's "Two Poems of Qingming" has "travel geese on the clouds to return to purple plugs, and the family drills the fire with green maple", reflecting the scene of the people entering the mountains and forests to make fires.
Insert the willows in front of the door, and it is the time of Qingming again
The Qingming Festival "willow cutting" is also very common in Tang poetry and Song poetry, especially in the Song Dynasty. Lu You's famous article "The Last Sentence of Spring" has a cloud: "When I suddenly saw my family planting willows, I knew that today was Qingming." Wu Qian's "Like a Dream Order" wrote: "Inserting willows in front of the door is the time of Qingming again."
The earliest record of willow cutting customs can be seen in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, and there are willow cuttings in different seasons such as willow cuttings in the first month and willow planting in March. As far as the Tang and Song dynasties, willow cuttings were mostly seen during the Qing and Ming dynasties. The "Qingming Festival" in the "Mengliang Record", a note that records the style of the Southern Song Dynasty, writes that during the Qingming Dynasty, the family inserted a wicker on the door, known as "clear eyes".
After the Song Dynasty, the custom of planting willows during the Qingming Festival was continued. In the Qing Dynasty, the Qingming Festival of wearing willows and planting willows was also combined with the sacrifice of sweeping the tomb, and people carried willow branches to the tomb to pay tribute, or children wore straw hats made of wicker. There is also a folk proverb that "Qingming does not wear willows, and turns yellow after death". To this day, in some areas, there is still the custom of wearing willows in the Qingming Dynasty.
Some scholars speculate that the custom of planting willows during the Qingming Festival is still related to the "fire" of the Qingming Festival, especially the court "giving fire" that prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. According to the records in the "Chronicle of the Ages", during the Qingming Festival in the Tang Dynasty, officials drilled willow elms in front of the palace for fire, and those who drilled first could also be rewarded. The emperor gave the drilled fire to the ministers, and some ministers inserted the willow of the drill fire in front of the door to express pride. In the Song Dynasty, this method of showing off was passed from the upper nobility to the people, and the custom of willow cutting was formed.
In the end, its deeper cultural psychology may be related to the tenacious vitality of the willow tree, and its germination time is earlier than that of the average tree, and this "first all things move" characteristics, which also gives the willow branch more "personality" characteristics, which have been cherished by people throughout the ages.
Smiling and playful, hands on swing frames
In the movie "The Legend of the Demon Cat", director Chen Kaige poetically integrated a scene of Yang Guifei swinging under the attention of thousands of people, which is beautiful and perfectly interprets the scene where Tang People especially love to play on the swing before and after the Qingming Dynasty.
The scene of Yang Guifei swinging on the swing in the movie "The Legend of the Demon Cat"
During the Tang and Song dynasties, swings were an important folk activity during the cold food and Qingming periods. This is especially reflected in the Tang and Song poems. Wang Jian of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Words on the Swing", which described in detail the wonderful picture of young children swinging on the swing: "The long silk rope is purple and blue, and the horizontal branches are 100 feet high." The children of the young children are on a heavy swing, and the bands of the scarf are divided into two sides. Li Shanfu's "Cold Food" also described: "The wind and smoke are debauched and the flowers are rampant, and the swing daughter flies to the short wall." Liu Yong's "Ball Throwing Music" cloud: "Near qingming, windy alleys, tobacco ponds, all pictures... Smiling and playful, hands on swing frames. ”
Regardless of whether it is inside or outside the palace, every time it comes to the Qingming Season, swinging has become a young man's play. Especially the daughter, the spring breeze in March, the swing clothes fluttering, beautiful and comfortable, often become a beautiful image written by poets and lyricists.
Earlier, some people believed that the swing, originally known as "Qianqiu", originally meant to wish for a long life, originated in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, congratulating Emperor Wu on his long life with "Qianqiu", and later with false rumors, the words were reversed, thus becoming "swing". Some scholars have also researched that the activity of swinging has been produced as early as ancient times. In order to obtain food from high places, people with low productivity invented the "swing swing", which was originally called "thousand autumn", until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used "thousand autumn" as a birthday greeting, and deliberately changed it to "swing" in order to avoid secrecy.
During the Qingming Dynasty, the wind warms the earth. Or remember the mourning, or enjoy the spring. In any case, in the spring season, take a dip in the poem, the eyes can be clear, the heart can be clear, and it is also another rare state of clarity in life.