Lushan traditional folk customs
Li Jing
Lushan, from ancient times, has gone through the Tsing Yi Qiang Kingdom, Shu Han Yanyun, Tang Feng Song Ya, Ming and Qing Dynasty changes to today. Its colorful folk customs are the "living fossils" of walking in Lushan.
Flower lanterns
Lushan "Flower Lantern" is one of the four major lanterns in Sichuan and is an intangible cultural heritage of Sichuan Province. Why don't you say "singing lanterns" and "jumping lanterns" instead of saying "lanterns"? Because only by using the word "lame" can the soul of the Lushan lantern be expressed, and the word "lame" has too many cultures and elements of Lushan, as well as the connotation of one side of the water and soil to support the people. Therefore, the lanterns in Lushan must be "lame".
In addition to the band and gang, there are only two main characters in Lushan lanterns: one "ugly" and one "dan", that is, "three flower faces" and "young girls", and the singing voice has lantern tunes, blind tunes, mountain song tunes, mountain song tunes, mountain tunes, congratulatory lantern tunes, etc., including allegro, adagio, number board and other dialogues. The actors are all natives, with dialects and vernaculars, afterwords, big truths, witty, gags, easy to understand, and a strong earthy atmosphere. The performance can be performed anywhere in the fields, in the halls, houses, courtyards, and on the slopes of the river. The instruments for accompaniment singing are also very simple, such as erhu, gongs, drums, flutes, suona and other national instruments, which are the most down-to-earth and popular performance methods among the people.
Ancient Spirit
Lushan ancient opera has a long history. In ancient times, the people of Lushan were fierce, so the ancient puppet opera still needed the help of the so-called "gods" to mediate disputes and resolve conflicts.
Lushan Ancient Nu Opera is a Chinese face art, and the performance of Nu Opera is related to the worship of the gods by shamans, which originated from primitive religious beliefs and was influenced by Taoism, Confucianism and Wudou Mi Religion. Shamans wear masks engraved with totems to dress themselves up as gods, and once masks are put on, ordinary people become "gods". The mask plays a role in the transformation of man into a god here, and is an indispensable tool when practicing witchcraft. The behavior of the ancient Lushan opera is extremely exaggerated, and it is very story-telling, interesting and mysterious.
Sing mountain songs
Influenced by the tune of the old tea horse road and the local "liulianliu" minor tune, the laborers stood on the top of the mountains everywhere in the boring agricultural work to play songs for fun, to dispel difficulties and relieve fatigue, to exchange feelings, to flirt and scold, and even to set up competitions. It uses local unique folk song scores, fills in the lyrics at will, and then sings them in a rough and primitive voice. Throughout the ages, the songs of Lushan Mountain have been passed down from generation to generation. So far, everyone in Lushan will sing a few words, and the melodious songs echo in the mountains from time to time.
Seven miles to win the bid
"Seven miles to win the bid" was originally March 3 "to grab the seedling bid". In the Qing Dynasty, Lushan Juren Zhu Quanren once praised and said: "The candle is shining at the seedling mark, who turns the winter girl into a green." How can it be that the peach has become a drama, but it is really because of the mountains and valleys in the valley. Eight gates lined up a six-flower array, and a drum bombarded the seven-mile pavilion. The public opinion in the border area is so ancient, and the hundred rooms of the millennium should be Yingning. "In the old days, the people of Lushan held an annual prayer for a good year on the third day of the third lunar month every year. Rice planting mark in front of the pavilion (inserted into the ground with a green bamboo pole.) In ancient times, bamboo was the object of people's love and worship, and it was commonly used by witches to worship gods. Winning the bid in the bamboo pole, containing the meaning of praying for a good harvest), forming a formation of 64 gossip gates. The whole audience was brilliantly lit with candles, and the altar master (Duan Gong), who presided over the ceremony, waved the ritual instrument to perform the sacrifice and pray for a good harvest that year. Then the drums were beating and shouting, and people rushed to compete for the bamboo poles in order to get the luck of the year. The first to win and the first to win wins. During the meeting, it was crowded and very lively. This ancient sacrificial activity in Lushan was unique and distinctive in Lushan at that time.
In the 21st century, Lushan County put forward the strategic policy of cultural tourism to rejuvenate the county, combining the folk activities with local characteristics of "grabbing the seedling standard" with natural scenery, history and culture, and launching the "Rape Flower Blooming, Seven Miles to Win the Bid" Folk Festival and Gendiao Art Festival, which is held in March every year when the rape flowers bloom. Therefore, on the third day of March, people from ten miles and eight towns gathered together to carry out the folk activities of "winning the bid for seven miles", so that there was a stalk of Lushan's "rape flowers blooming more than seven meters high", and this folk activity has also become a grand event of Lushan's traditional folk culture.
Punching rods
"Flower pole" is a popular group dance form in Lushan. Because of its cheerful pace and ease of learning, it is an indispensable activity for weddings, festivals, birthdays and meetings. "Flower pole" dance set is a bamboo pole more than 4 feet long, the rod body is colored, the two ends are embedded with copper coins and the like, the performer dances the color pole in hand, pulls out the flowers and kicks the sound of "choking bell", the action is light and beautiful, the rhythm is bright and lively, and it is pleasing to the eye. The mass foundation of Lushan's "flower pole" is extremely deep, and in its heyday, it almost reached the point where every family has it and everyone can play it.
Step on tall feet
"Stepping on tall feet", also known as walking on high feet, is a folk activity that has been passed down for thousands of years in Lushan, and it is also one of the history and origins of Qingqiang culture. In the cultural tradition of Lushan, stepping on high feet on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is a very important activity, implying that the new year is far-sighted, so the mass base is very broad. When stepping on high feet, people step on a high wooden pole, and their bodies rise accordingly, so it also means to rise step by step.
The most unique feature of Lushan's "stepping on high feet" is that it combines the elements of the smearing lantern, and the hand, eye, body and footwork of "stepping on the high foot" have inherited the essence of the smearing lantern - witty, humorous, lively and funny, which is one of the most popular folk activities of the people of Lushan.
Flip the stage
"Turning the stage" is similar to the green harvesting activities in Fujian and Guangdong. Every year during the Spring Festival, in order to please the festivities, the big families in the village pay for the stage to set up a considerable "color head". The venue and props of "turning the stage" are very simple, just put a table of eight immortals or several tables of eight immortals stacked in the center of the spacious dam as a "stage", roll up a tube with a mat and erect it on the table of eight immortals, put a bamboo basket on the mat, and put the "color head" in the basket.
"Turning the stage" must be a person with unique skills and a body as light as a swallow. They are bold and bold, bold and even higher, flashing and moving on the "stage", jumping up and down is really beautiful. In order to win the "color head", in addition to being skilled, you must also be bold and careful. Otherwise, if you are not careful, you will fall from the "stage", and your nose will be blue and your face will be swollen, and your hands and feet will be broken and your life will be ruined. In the end, the person who succeeded in "turning over the stage" grabbed the "color head", and the villagers would carry him around the village like a hero. With the passage of time, the "turning the stage" disappeared in the morning breeze of history due to its high danger.
Dragon lantern dance
"Dragon Lantern Dance" is a very old folk activity. The dragon of the dragon dance lantern is generally two, the dragon body is usually placed in the local green dragon temple, on the day of the dragon dance, with the flag, gongs and drums, and horns as the guide, the dragon body is invited out of the temple, connected to the dragon head and tail, and the eye-dotting ceremony is held. The body of the dragon is tied into a round dragon shape with bamboo, the knots are connected, the outside is covered with a huge red cloth painted with dragon scales, there is a person holding the pole every five or six feet, and the distance between the head and the tail is about ten zhang long. In front of the dragon, a person holds a rod to lead the front, and a huge ball dances the dragon lantern on the top of the pole, which means "two dragons play with pearls". During the dance, the giant ball sways around the front and back, left and right, and the two dragons are the first to grab the ball, causing the dragon to fly up and down and swim smartly.
The dragon lantern dance is a big festival, and you will be entertained wherever you dance. The dragon dance team can sometimes eat five or six times a day, and will also receive a variety of red envelopes, which is called "dragon for wine". When the dragon dance is completed, the head and tail are burned and the dragon body is returned to the temple.
The dragon dance in Lushan is not only limited to the Spring Festival, but also has a dragon dance team to participate in every large-scale celebration, and the "dragon dance lantern" has become a traditional folk activity that is best preserved and inherited in Lushan.
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Source: Sichuan Provincial Office of Local Chronicles
Text / Photo: Li Jing
Contributed by: Ya'an Local Chronicles Compilation Center Lushan County Local Chronicles Compilation Center