Ophthalmologists summarize common eye diseases in children and their prevention and treatment

In the spring, the pediatric ophthalmology departments of major hospitals ushered in the peak of outpatient clinics, in addition to stye, dichotomy, pink eye, allergic conjunctivitis, etc. are all common eye diseases with high incidence this season.

"Late discovery, late diagnosis and treatment" has become an important misunderstanding affecting the treatment of children's eye diseases.

Early understanding, early detection, today we will take a look at which eye diseases are easy for children to suffer.

1 Pink eye

Symptoms: Acute conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye", is caused by bacterial infection, the incidence rate is relatively fast, and sometimes there will be obvious symptoms within a few hours to a day. Children with pink eye will feel itchy eyes, increased secretions, red and swollen eyes, conjunctival congestion, resulting in lacrimation, fear of light, conjunctival edema or subconjunctival hemorrhage. It is usually transmitted from one sick eye to another. In kindergartens, primary schools, playgrounds, etc., children share toys, stationery, drinking cups, etc., which will greatly increase the possibility of being infected.

Treatment: Every spring and summer is the time of high incidence of pink eye, because pink eye is highly contagious, so it must be detected early and standardized. Children should go home in time to rest, at home, towels, water cups, washbasin daily necessities should be used and placed separately, for the things used by sick children should also be disinfected in all aspects to prevent infection to others. Pay attention to personal hygiene, parents teach their children not to go to shopping malls, swimming pools and other public places for the time being to avoid cross infection. At the same time, tell your child to wash his hands frequently and not to touch his eyes.

◆ Reminder: Some parents think that pink eye is very common, do not take it seriously, do not know that pink eye is not treated in time, if it is serious, it may lead to corneal involvement, and people with concurrent keratitis can have sequelae such as corneal cloud and plaque, affecting the child's vision development. There are also some parents in the understanding of the misunderstanding, thinking that pink eye is caused by the child on fire, do not go to the hospital after the onset of the disease, but give the child to drink honeysuckle water, some parents will also drop milk, tea water or light salt water in the child's eyes, these are incorrect practices.

2. Allergic conjunctivitis

Symptoms: The incidence of allergic conjunctivitis has increased significantly in recent years, and the number of ophthalmology outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals shows that infectious conjunctivitis accounts for about 40% of conjunctivitis patients, and allergic conjunctivitis rises to 60%, which is related to the increase in children with allergic constitutions and the good health of the city. Sick children will have symptoms of red eyes, itchy eyes, children desperately rub their eyes, rub hard will be eye congestion, conjunctival edema, sometimes swollen like blisters, parents will feel very scared when they see it, immediately take the child to the hospital for treatment, but when they arrive at the hospital, it will subside. In addition, there is white mucus secretion, not a lot and not too thick.

Treatment: First of all, the allergen should be found, the main allergen is dust mites, pollen, animal fur, food, etc. The plush toys, sheets, and carpets in the home are easy to breed dust mites if they are not washed frequently; when summer comes, parents often take their children out on outings to enjoy flowers or go to the zoo, which are likely to be allergic to some of these substances, and dry and hot weather will aggravate the symptoms.

Parents should be mentally prepared, allergic conjunctivitis will generally recur, so be prepared for multiple treatments. The general treatment is usually to alleviate allergic symptoms, the symptoms are not curative, the current pediatric hospital for dust mite allergy patients to introduce desensitization treatment, but the course of treatment is relatively long, about 2-3 years.

◆ Reminder: The allergic potion contains certain hormones, parents do not need to talk about hormone discoloration, use for about 2 weeks will not have any adverse effect on the child; in addition, some parents rely too much on hormone eye drops, long-term use for children, if the continuous drop for more than 2 months, may cause the child to suffer from glaucoma, cataracts risk increased. In addition, try not to let the child rub the eyes with their hands, on the one hand, to avoid bacterial infection, on the other hand, rubbing the eyes will cause the corneal epithelium to peel off.

3. Eyelashes are inverted

Symptoms: A child's constant tears may not mean that he is unhappy, and always keeping his head down does not necessarily mean that he is shy, and these situations may also be caused by the child's eyelashes being born upside down. Inverted eyelashes are most common in infants and young children, that is, eyelashes grow towards the eyeball so that they stimulate the eyeball and injure it. Some babies have congenital eyelids with inversion, so they often blink and cry, and even their eyes are red, and fat children suffer more from this disease. Among the acquired causes, it is common to cause trachoma, and eye inflammation, burns, trauma, etc. can also cause eyelid stuttering and form inverted eyelashes.

Treatment: In the case of eyelashes inverted, be sure to treat it early. Many parents find that the baby has inverted eyelashes when the child is four or five months old, because the child has a large amount of activity at this time, the eyelashes are also hard, and the child will have obvious uncomfortable feelings, either rubbing his eyes with his hands or rubbing his head back and forth on the shoulders of the parents. This disease is generally not treated with special treatment, because as the child continues to develop, the condition of 80% of small patients will gradually improve. After the age of 3, if the condition is still serious and causes corneal injury, it is necessary to undergo inverted correction surgery in time.

◆ Reminder: Parents must not pull off their children's eyelashes at will, so that new eyelashes will still grow, and the original soft eyelashes will become thick and hard, which is easier to scratch the cornea, but cause more serious consequences.

4. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Symptoms: This is also a very common infant eye disease in the clinic, and its symptoms are that the baby is constantly crying and the eye secretions are increased. This disease is found very early, usually in newborns or small babies, such as 1-2 days after birth, parents will find that from one eye to two eyes persistent symptoms.

Treatment: Once congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is confirmed, tear duct probing surgery must be done as soon as possible. This is a minor surgery of 1-2 minutes. The cure rate of the disease is high between 3 and 6 months, but the cure rate of surgery drops sharply after one year of age.

5. Myopia

Symptoms: Myopia is to see the near place clearly, to see the distance blurred. Zhu Jianfeng, head of the prevention and control section of the Municipal Eye Disease Prevention and Control Center, said that in recent years, the rate of myopia in adolescents and children has become higher and higher, and the age has dropped significantly, and from the second and third grades of primary school, some children have had to wear glasses because of myopia. Unlike hyperopia due to underdevelopment of the eyeball, myopia is the result of overdevelopment of the eyeball. In addition, today's children use too many eyes in the early stages, and frequent use of eyes at close range such as reading books and computers has led to an increase in myopia.

Treatment: Children in the growth stage, the eye development is not yet complete, and the vision is not fixed. Therefore, many children are pseudo-myopia and can correct their vision by wearing appropriate glasses. Contact lenses are not recommended, and laser surgery should not be performed with children. At the same time, control the time spent in close proximity to reduce the growth rate of myopia.

◆ Reminder: Parents should pay attention to observing the child's usual eye habits, remind the child not to sit too close to watch TV and not to lie down to watch, to raise the head when writing, to maintain a certain distance when reading, if there is a bad eye habit to go to the hospital in time to do eye examination, to determine whether to correct vision, and choose the right glasses can not be arbitrarily added depth.

6. Farsightedness

Symptoms: Every child is born with farsightedness, with the increase of age will gradually reduce the symptoms, 3 years of age to drop to 100 degrees -200 degrees is normal, if the degree of hyperopia will affect the vision, about 300 degrees or more may cause amblyopia. If the child is found to have 300 degrees of hyperopia after dilating the pupil after refraction in a regular hospital, especially the left and right eye degrees are high and low, it is more likely to lead to amblyopia.

Treatment: Hyperopia does not require everyone to wear glasses, and mild hyperopia will disappear with age. However, for severe farsightedness, it is necessary to wear corrective glasses in time, especially to seize the golden period before the age of 8.

◆ Reminder: Compared with myopia, farsightedness is often not easy to attract the attention of parents. Especially when children work closely such as reading, drawing, writing, etc., such as headaches and vomiting, it is necessary to pay attention to them, which is likely to be a symptom of farsightedness.

7. Amblyopia

Symptoms: Because amblyopia is an irreversible disease, if it is detected late, the damage to the child's health is very serious. Visual function is performed after half a year of age. Children with small class 0.6, middle class 0.8, and kindergarten 1.0 or less, may have abnormal vision, and the kindergarten health teacher will recommend that parents take their children to the hospital to confirm the diagnosis and rule out whether there is amblyopia.

Treatment: The success rate of treating amblyopia around the age of 3 is very high, and most children may be accompanied by farsightedness and strabismus, which can generally be cured with glasses, masking treatment and training. By the age of 7, the success rate drops by half, and there is almost no cure after the age of 12.

◆ Reminder: The treatment of amblyopia is not difficult, it is difficult to detect early, so the responsibility of parents is very important. If the child does not see things with fixed vision, likes to squint, and looks closely or runs to the front to see clearly, then parents should be vigilant.

8. Strabismus

Symptoms: The two eyes of strabismus are not in parallel in the introversion of the oblique evil, the inclination is commonly known as the eye, and the external oblique is commonly known as the oblique white eye.

Treatment: After early detection, it is up to a professional doctor to judge whether to operate, and some sick children can be treated by wearing glasses and vision training. If left untreated, it can easily cause amblyopia.

◆ Reminder: If the child has strabismus phenomenon, such as reading, writing, watching TV, etc., go to the hospital immediately to check strabismus, it is recommended to correct it before the age of 3, otherwise by the age of 5 to 6, the child may also have a variety of eye diseases.