The 4680 cylindrical battery will unify the rivers and lakes

The battery faucet Ningde era has been a bit panicked recently.

Why panic?

Think about it, when did the landlord's old wealth panic the most?

Answer: When there is a revolution.

So at present, Ningde is the landlord's old wealth, making a 4680 cylindrical battery revolution.

Many people know that lithium batteries are classified according to cathode materials, but they do not know enough about the classification of packaging methods.

Lithium battery has three major packages: square, soft package, cylindrical.

Each way has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The specific difference should be elaborated, it takes a lot of space, here omitted, you can see the following figure to understand the basic difference.

Soft bags, in fact, are mobile phone batteries.

The additive manufacturing method is used, which is thinner and has the highest energy density compared to the other two types.

In fact, the comprehensive performance of soft packages is the best, but the fatal place is that the maturity of the manufacturing process is low and the cost is high.

The key technologies are mastered by Japanese and Korean companies, and the customizability of soft packages has led to a decline in production standards and consistency.

Therefore, the soft package is not widely used in power batteries.

Square is currently the most widely used, in addition to Tesla, there are currently more than 90% of trams used.

The Ningde era was a square big guy.

Perhaps the biggest advantage of the square is that the process is simple, the requirements for the BMS are low, and there is a scale effect.

That is, there are enough suppliers, which can effectively reduce procurement costs for car companies.

The cylinders are mainly Tesla, as to why Tesla loves cylinders alone.

In fact, it is also a path dependency.

You know, the prototype of Tesla's battery pack is Tesla No. 1 technical employees JB and Marc.

In the test of 300 kinds of the best quality batteries on the market that year, 7,000 batteries were used to use 69 parallel 9 series 11 parallel schemes.

You know, it was 2003, the most easily available battery on the market was the 1865 cylinder that was easily standardized and the lowest cost.

It is precisely because there are many batteries that to achieve precise control of each battery, Tesla's BMS technology is often advanced.

However, it is also this advancement that leads to the lack of reserves in BMS technology, and they are unwilling to adopt a cylindrical scheme and turn to the square embrace.

The cylinder got up early in the morning and drove away a lonely one.

Therefore, the current battery packaging dispute is a dispute between conservative square forces and progressive cylindrical forces.

So what is the progressive method of the cylinder?

It should be known that at this stage, the following factors restrict the development of new energy vehicles are mainly present in the power battery:

Costly

Slow charging

Short battery life

Security risks

While major battery factories are innovating, they are making continuous progress in balancing the above four factors.

But in the eyes of the webmaster, it is all the tinkering of conservative forces, in the words of the chip factory, that is:

"Squeeze toothpaste"

Tesla couldn't take it anymore and stepped on the toothpaste directly with his foot.

In September 2020, Tesla released a 4680 battery, which has 6 times the energy of the previous battery cell, a 16% increase in cruising range and a 56% reduction in cost.

Of course, if it is only based on energy and cost, 4680 may not be revolutionary.

The 1865 upgrade of the 2170 achieved energy and cost that year, and the revolution of the 4680 was reflected in the power density improvement brought about by the full polar ear technology.

In simple terms, the omnipolar ear reduces the internal resistance of the battery cell and can achieve fast charging.

According to research from the University of London, the 4680 battery takes only 15 minutes to charge from 10% to 80%, while the 2170 battery takes 25 minutes to charge 70%.

The 4680 optimizes 40% charging performance.

Therefore, the 4680 is the first to achieve the joint optimization of battery life, charging and cost

The public is more concerned about fast charging, but for the lithium battery industry chain, the technical details of the 4680 endurance rise and cost reduction are more critical.

The high energy density of the 4680 is due to the use of high nickel positive electrode and silicon carbon negative electrode.

These two are a perfect match for the cylinder.

The higher the nickel content, the higher the requirements for the battery production process. The cylindrical process maturity and automation are high, while the process maturity of square types and soft packages is low.

Increase the negative electrode silicon content, charge and discharge will expand more severely, and the cylindrical stainless steel shell has great mechanical strength and can fully absorb the expansion; and the cylindrical battery pole plate winding can make the pole plate expansion force even, reducing damage and folds.

So, a 50% cost reduction is a completely revolutionary step forward for trams.

Power batteries account for 40% to 50% of the cost of trams, and are the most expensive components.

Directly determine the competition with fuel vehicles.

In 2020, the cost of fuel vehicles is 45,000 RMB lower than that of electric vehicles of the same class, and if 4680 batteries are used, the cost gap will be narrowed to 10,000 RMB.

Therefore, the future of 4680 is a sea of stars, which cannot be stopped by any conservative and reactionary old forces.

The entire lithium battery industry is ushering in a fatal choice problem that is not rolled up.

In fact, they have no choice.

Just after Tesla released the 4680, NINGDE Times, Ewell Lithium Energy and BAK have released 4680 battery plans.

Interesting places are right here.

Due to the past domestic battery factories used to swarm the dry square type.

Cylindrical technology reserves and manufacturing experience are small, while foreign countries such as Panasonic and LG are experienced, and will achieve mass production of 4680 in 2022.

4680 actually has a high technical threshold, technical difficulties here omitted.

Tesla, its inventor, also took almost a year to improve the yield rate from 20% to nearly 80%.

Therefore, in the domestic battlefield of 4680, there was no crown in the Ningde era, nor was it the old wealth of the landlords.

Everyone is a farmer in straw shoes, starting from scratch.

Those battery factories in the second echelon are using the 4680 East to concentrate on achieving a single-point breakthrough.

The prince will have a kind of Xiangning?

He vowed to pull King Ning off his throne and set foot on ten thousand feet, so that he would never be able to live forever...

Therefore, battery factories should pay attention to those who are eyeing the killer.

For example, the high-profile involvement of 4680 billion wei lithium energy, and the 4680 of 6.2 billion dry 20GW in one go.

To say more, in fact, Ewell Lithium energy is stronger than Ningde in terms of technology and manufacturing in cylindrical.

Not only can it build 1865, but it also put into production 2170 in 2017.

Ningde, on the other hand, has not succeeded in cylindrical batteries since its inception.

Of course, the webmaster is not infinitely demeaning Ningde, as far as R & D investment is concerned, as of the third quarterly report.

Ningde's R&D investment is 4.6 billion, and Ewell Lithium Energy is 900 million, the former is a crushing existence.

It seems that the progressive forces still need to overcome the suppression of conservative forces, and there is still a difficult road to be taken.

In terms of battery material, the positive and negative poles have changed the most.

In this area, we must pay close attention to Bertry.

First of all, the silicon carbon anode of Beiterui was involved very early, and it has been supplied in batches with a production capacity of 3,000 tons.

Shanshan and Putailai are still in the middle of the trial, and commercialization is still early.

And Bertry also has high nickel ternary.

More importantly, Beiterui is the negative electrode main supply of Panasonic, Samsung SDI, and LG, and these foreign lithium battery giants are hardcore customers of Beiterui for more than a decade.

The depth of cooperation makes Bertry stand out in the supply of 4680 materials.

For details, you can refer to the webmaster's article yesterday "The doorway of the lithium battery anode"

In terms of electrolyte, it is necessary to see that 4680 drives the industrialization of LiFSI.

Because the 4680 high nickel cathode has poor thermal stability, the omnipolar ear design needs to match the electrolyte with high conductivity.

LiFSI has many advantages such as high conductivity, high thermal stability, hydrolysis resistance, high temperature resistance, and suppression of battery gas inflation.

This piece is mainly a new state and heavenly materials.

Of course, there are other scraps such as structural parts, which will not be expanded here.

Text reference:

"Electrical equipment - electrical equipment: Tesla 4680 battery The right path in the new energy era - Industrial Securities [Wang Shuai] - 20220323 [28 pages]"

"Delivery Equipment - New Energy Automobile Industry Silicon-based Anode Special Report: 4680 Battery Leads demand, will meet the outbreak after hibernation- CITIC Securities [Yuan Jiancong, Wang Zhe, Li Harrier, Wu Weichen, Teng Guanxing, Ke Mai, Liu Peixian]-20220302 [29 pages]"

"Electrical Equipment -4680 Battery Series Report (1): Integrating New Design and New Technologies to Lead Industrial Change-CITIC Securities [Yuan Jiancong, Wang Zhe, Ao Chong, Liu Yi, Liu Haibo, Li Harrier, Wu Weichen, Teng Guanxing, Liu Peixian, Wang Hao, Huang Yaoting, Ke Mai]-20220228 [34 pages]"

"Electrical Equipment - 2021 China 4680 Power Battery Technology Tracking Report - Head Leopard Research Institute [Yang Xiao] - 20220116 [28 pages]"

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