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According to the latest data from the National Passenger Vehicle Market Information Joint Conference, the national fuel vehicle sales fell by 13% last year, and the decline expanded to 30% in the first two months of this year. New energy vehicles increased their net sales by 1.68 million units last year, accelerating their capture of the fuel vehicle market. In the fierce competition, safety has become an important cornerstone for the continuous growth of the new energy vehicle market, and it is the key to winning consumer confidence.
Vehicle safety: The rate of fire accidents is decreasing year by year
Mr. Chen just updated a pure electric car last year, not because of the consumption upgrade, but because the previous vehicle spontaneously combusted. Mr. Chen recalled that on the afternoon of December 25, 2021, he parked on a roadside in Tangshan City, and returned 10 minutes later to find that the vehicle was not quite right.
Mr. Chen: "When you start the vehicle, it shows a malfunction, you can't start, and then you hear the sound of crackling electric sparks in the car." After getting out of the car to check, the right rear side of the car began to 'croak' white smoke, and the bottom was getting bigger and bigger, just call 119. When the fire alarm came, it began to spray, and if it was not good, the car was erected and sprayed. My carriage didn't go overboard, the chassis and batteries were all burned. ”
Mr. Chen's car spontaneously combusted/Photo provided by interviewee
News about the spontaneous combustion of new energy vehicles on the Internet appears every three to five, but it is difficult to distinguish between true and false.
As early as 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology entrusted Beijing Institute of Technology to build and operate a national monitoring and management platform for new energy vehicles. As of March this year, the platform has been connected to more than 300 new energy vehicle companies, with more than 13 million vehicles, accounting for more than 90% of the country's new energy vehicle ownership.
Li Yang, executive secretary general of the National Big Data Alliance for New Energy Vehicles, said that these vehicles upload operating data to the national platform at a frequency of one frame every 30 seconds, and statistics show that new energy vehicle fire accidents are decreasing year by year.
Li Yang: "In 2019, the fire accident rate of new energy vehicles was 1 per 10,000, in 2020 the fire accident rate has dropped to 0.5 per 10,000, in 2021 it has further dropped to 0.24 per 10,000, and in 2022 the fire accident rate has dropped to 0.22 per 10,000. ”
Reporter: "What is the comparison with fuel vehicles?" ”
Li Yang: "According to international statistics on the combustion accidents of some cars, fuel vehicles are about 2-4 per 10,000 per year, which means that the current fire accident rate of new energy vehicles is 1/10 of fuel vehicles. ”
New energy vehicle national monitoring and management platform/reporter shooting
Platform monitoring shows that fire accidents occur in various states of charging, driving, parking and collision. Li Xuetao, a senior auto repair expert and technical director of Weigong Car Maintenance, introduced that there are three most common causes of spontaneous combustion.
Li Xuetao: "The first is the battery itself, because of production defects or problems during use. The second is the problem of battery management system, such as battery balancing, charging, temperature control, these controls have corresponding control lines, once these wiring harnesses have problems during operation, they will also form a short circuit fire. Coupled with a lot of battery bumps and injuries, you can't feel it at the time, and it may be a fire after a while. ”
Spontaneous combustion of the vehicle/from the network
Industry insiders generally believe that with the development of technologies such as batteries, the vehicle safety of new energy vehicles will be more reliable. Lu Wenliang, a distinguished researcher in the automotive industry of the Industrial Science and Technology Innovation Center of the Strategic Consulting Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that semi-solid batteries are safer and more stable.
Lu Wenliang: "Now the battery is generally a liquid electrolyte, and when a puncture occurs, it will flow on both sides, causing a short circuit and catching fire." Solid-state and semi-solid batteries are upgraded to colloid-like electrolytes, which will not short-circuit on a large scale even in the event of collisions and punctures, and are not prone to the risk of thermal runaway and fire. ”
Semi-solid battery/from the network
In addition, the application of more big data for new energy vehicles is crucial for early warning of safety risks. Li Yang, executive secretary general of the National Big Data Alliance for New Energy Vehicles, said that the national supervision platform will send fault information to car companies in a timely manner, and then relay it to car owners.
Li Yang: "Through the data, we can see its current, voltage and temperature outliers, and combined with some algorithms we have developed, we can accurately estimate the safety risks of some cells or modules of the battery." At this time, it has not formed an actual failure, we provide this advance warning to the vehicle manufacturer, through the after-sales department to contact the owner for vehicle maintenance, can achieve a safety warning rate of more than 80% within 10 days before the accident. ”
Fault warning/reporter shooting
Qiu Kaijun, a new energy vehicle critic and editor-in-chief of electric vehicle observers, believes that more authoritative disclosure of accident information such as spontaneous combustion will also force the industry to improve safety levels.
Qiu Kaijun: "The emergency management department should release the data of spontaneous combustion of new energy vehicles more publicly, such as releasing it every month, and can also disclose the products, brands, power battery companies and the consequences caused by spontaneous combustion." In this way, consumers can have a more authoritative reference and promote the better survival of the fittest for new energy vehicles. ”
Driving safety: Major accident identification pending
In addition to vehicle safety, the driving safety of new energy vehicles is also related to the lives of traffic participants and has attracted much public attention. A month ago, a Tesla in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, was suspected to be out of control, and surveillance video showed that the vehicle almost "flew" as it passed an arched bridge. According to witnesses, eventually the car rear-ended the normally moving minibus.
Mr. Huang: "The sound of explosion directly hit the back of the big car, bang." ”
Ms. Zhang: "It's like something exploding, my son cried when he saw it, and he said that the bus had hit and flew over more than 100 meters. ”
Surveillance video shows the moment of the accident/from the network
The front of the car is badly damaged/from the network
The police reported that the accident had caused one death and one injury, and the cause of the accident was under further investigation. In November last year, a Tesla in Chaozhou soared two kilometers, causing two deaths and three injuries. Recently, some media reported that the third-party appraisal results have been released, but the authoritative institution has not released a complete appraisal report. A blogger on the Internet published a two-page EDR report on the Teochew accident.
Zhang Xiang, an auto analyst, said that the content circulating can only show the situation 5 seconds before the accident, and cannot judge the responsibility for the accident.
Zhang Xiang: "From the data, we can see that this car has always been at high speed, the speed is between 159-163, and its accelerator pedal has always been 100%, that is, it is pressed to the end, the braking system is in the state of OFF, that is, there is no brake, and the brake system does not work." ”
The EDR data of the Teochew accident published by the blogger / from the network
Industry insiders generally believe that some intelligent car-related traffic accidents have become public safety incidents that have attracted social attention, and authoritative institutions should disclose appraisal reports and responsibility determination information as soon as possible.
Zhang Xiang: "It has been almost two years since the 2021 Shanghai Auto Show rights protection case. During this period, there have been some similar cases, some of which also caused deaths, but there is no public result, how the accident is judged, whether this similar case is the responsibility of the car company or the owner, this is not clear. ”
Teochew accident site/from the network
New cars launched after January 1, 2022 require mandatory EDR, that is, car black boxes, which can determine the cause of the accident through relatively complete data. Lu Wenliang, a distinguished researcher in the automotive industry of the Industrial Science and Technology Innovation Center of the Strategic Consulting Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the national standard clearly requires that black box data cannot be overwritten, tampered with and deleted, but the national standard is implemented in two stages.
Lu Wenliang: "The first stage of this data is read by car companies, the public may think that car companies will tamper with it, in fact, from a technical point of view, tampering with EDR data is very difficult and illegal, usually car companies will not do this." After entering the second stage, from January 1, 2024, the entire extraction of EDR data will be operated by a third-party organization, so that the neutrality and authority will be stronger. ”
National standard for automotive event data recording system/photo provided by interviewee
Privacy security: Law enforcement supervision needs to be strengthened
With the development of new energy vehicle networking, information security issues such as personal privacy have gradually entered the public eye. In December last year, NIO issued a statement that some basic user information and vehicle sales information before August 2021 were stolen by hackers and extorted 15 million yuan. Qu Zilong, founder of the information security team Network Sharp Knife, analyzed that the incident was not very harmful.
Qu Zilong: "The data we see in that screenshot is basically the identity data of NIO employees, car owners, and some home addresses, which are not generated on the vehicle, probably caused by some business management background of NIO." This data can only do some marketing information promotion such as selling insurance and car maintenance, and the harm is actually not so great. ”
Corporate Statement/NIO APP
In the past one or two years, Volkswagen, Toyota, Volvo and other international car companies have experienced personal data leaks. Qu Zilong, founder of the information security team Network Sharp Knife, believes that personal privacy risks are not uncommon from the perspective of vehicle alone.
Qu Zilong: "Because we also have to dismantle the car, we will see that some risks of privacy leakage still exist." In order to quickly deliver the car to consumers, car companies may put safety behind, and then slowly improve, many things are through OTA to make the car slowly have such functions, but the car from the beginning of the design of some physical hardware problems, can only be through recall. ”
Reporter: "Didn't you include much privacy and security content in the research and development at the beginning?" ”
Qu Zilong: "Yes, its intelligent functions have basically been realized now, but many problems in security need to be solved." ”
The vehicle side involves a lot of privacy/from the network
According to the white paper released by Roland Berger, the increase in sensors and on-board chips on new energy vehicles, a large number of data buried points, massive data processing and transmission, greatly increasing the risk of network security and data leakage. Shi Shuai, global partner and vice president of Greater China, said that personal privacy data accounts for a large proportion.
Shi Shuai: "The first category is to collect your information without the consent of the owner, or whether you should open up your personal information in order to avoid responsibility and prove your innocence, which is still vague at present." The second category is the use of face recognition, mobile phone numbers, and some information on the car machine for precision marketing. The third category is that many cars now have a lot of monitoring functions inside and outside the car, and the camera may be always on, in fact, without the consent of a passer-by, his information has been collected. ”
Exterior camera/from the web
Since 2021, a number of policy documents such as the management opinions on access to intelligent networked vehicles and the regulations on the security management of vehicle data have been issued. Qiu Kaijun, a new energy vehicle critic and editor-in-chief of electric vehicle observers, believes that important regulations and management frameworks have been established.
Qiu Kaijun: "Personal data and important data have given some principles, such as unnecessary collection, including the storage and use of smart car data are not used unnecessary, in the car is used in the car, it is best not to use outside the car." Data collected in China must be stored in China and, if provided to foreign institutions, must be approved by the data management authorities. For example, all car companies are required to be the first responsible person for automobile data, and each car company must establish corresponding technology, responsible persons and responsible departments. ”
Opinions on the Access Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicles/Official website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
The China Consumers Association pointed out that the enforcement of laws and regulations needs to be strengthened. As of January this year, the administrative punishment document website could only retrieve two publicly made administrative punishment documents made in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Law, and the supervision of consumers' personal information infringement was insufficient. Law enforcement departments should innovate scientific and technological supervision methods, strengthen departmental coordination, and improve the intensity and efficiency of supervision. Shi Shuai, global partner and vice president of Greater China, Roland Berger, suggested that car companies should also work with more partners to build information security firewalls.
Shi Shuai: "For car companies, partners have expanded from traditional first-level, second-level and third-level suppliers to some audio-visual entertainment, maps, charging and swapping service providers, which are the hardest hit areas where personal privacy is leaked." What is more difficult is that these partners are different from suppliers, and the relationship between suppliers and car companies is Party A and Party B, but the new service provider may be a joint venture and share the burden. Therefore, car companies should work with these partners to do a good job of management, which requires the industry to introduce some standards, upstream and downstream to jointly protect user privacy. ”
Vehicle information security/from the network
Privacy safety, driving safety and vehicle safety are the three safety bottom lines of new energy vehicles. We hope that authoritative information in these fields will be disclosed more comprehensively and in a timely manner, and we also hope that enterprises will assume the main responsibility, jointly build a safety barrier for new energy vehicles, and protect consumer confidence.
Reporter | Qi Tian
Editor | Wang Chenchen
Editor-in-Chief | Cheng Yan