I opened a pure electric car for 6 years, as the first batch of pure electric vehicle owners to "eat crabs", I feel very deeply, talk about 4 points of real car experience, pure electric vehicle advantages are obvious but 3 major shortcomings are hard injuries, one by one poking the heart. Pure electric vehicles give us a deep impression of "saving money", in fact, "saving electricity does not save money", I use my personal experience to tell you the real situation.
First, charging and saving money is only "appearance", and after careful calculation, it is found that saving "oil" does not save money
Cost comparison 1: electricity and fuel
If you install household charging piles at home, there are certain differences in electricity charges in different regions, but the gap is not large, some car owners only need about 4 hairs of electricity for 1 degree, which is relatively low, in my own terms, valley electricity and peak electricity are calculated on average, one degree of electricity needs about 6 hairs, but occasionally it will be charged on the outside public charging pile, the average 1 degree of electricity of the public charging pile is about 1.5 yuan, and the average of household and public electricity is 8 hairs.
A full charge requires 65 degrees, and the electricity bill costs about 52 yuan. The average electricity consumption of 100 kilometers is about 18 degrees, which means that 1 kilometer costs about 0.15 yuan, and the electricity cost of 10,000 kilometers is 1500 yuan.
Let's take a look at the cost of fuel vehicles, the home is a 1.6 displacement fuel car, No. 92 gasoline, the average fuel consumption of 100 kilometers is about 7L, and the current No. 92 gasoline is 8 yuan / L, so calculated down, 1 km average needs 5.6 yuan, 10,000 km fuel costs need 5600 yuan.
If a family car travels 15,000 kilometers a year and uses a car for 10 years, a total of 150,000 kilometers, then the total electricity cost of pure electric vehicles is 21,000 yuan, while the total fuel cost of fuel vehicles is 84,000 yuan.
Cost comparison 2: Maintenance costs
Pure electric vehicle daily maintenance costs are low, every 15,000 kilometers of maintenance, basically routine inspection, a single time cost 200 yuan, a year is 200 yuan, fuel vehicles are also 10,000 kilometers for a small maintenance, a single calculation of 600 yuan (except for C-level models, here to ordinary family cars), plus large maintenance and other costs, the average annual maintenance 2 times, the total cost of 1200 yuan.
In the past 10 years, the maintenance cost of pure electric vehicles is 2,000 yuan, and the fuel vehicle is 12,000 yuan.
Cost comparison 3: Used retention rate
On the current market environment, pure electric vehicles second-hand retention rate is generally low, the previous few years of pure electric vehicles within the range of 300 kilometers, a few years later 40% discount no one is willing to collect, to my own electric vehicles at that time as an example, the new car landed 110,000, opened for more than 3 years, due to endurance problems, want to change a car, then ran a lot of second-hand car market, many do not collect pure electric vehicles.
Willing to buy electric vehicles to give the price is too poignant, only to more than 20,000, of course, in recent years, pure electric vehicle retention rate is slightly higher, the endurance of more than 500 kilometers of brand models, the retention rate within 2 years is not bad, but after 3 years of retention rate and fuel vehicles There is still a big gap, it can be said that the general second-hand retention rate needs to be at least 50% off.
The same price of fuel vehicles, 3 years later the retention rate decline is relatively small, to 110,000 price point of the two cars, 5 years of age, pure electric vehicles may only be able to sell 20,000, and fuel vehicles can sell at least 40,000 more.
Cost comparison 4: The purchase price of new cars varies greatly
When buying a new car, pure electric vehicle premium is higher, and the price difference between fuel vehicles is large, to BYD Song PLUS as the saying, pure electric vehicle new car price is about 175,000, and the same fuel vehicle only needs about 110,000, all pure electric vehicles are so, counting the fuel vehicle purchase tax, pure electric vehicle new car price will still be at least 40,000 more expensive than the same fuel vehicle.
Cost comparison 5: power battery life, maintenance costs
Pure electric vehicle battery life has always been a concern for car owners, although each car company has introduced relevant warranty policies, and even some car companies promise battery "lifetime warranty", but after a closer look, you will find that the so-called battery life warranty has many preconditions.
For example, pure electric vehicles can not collide and other traffic accidents, once involved in the chassis battery safety of various factors will affect the warranty, followed by the battery warranty only for the first owner, which means that second-hand pure electric vehicles can not enjoy battery warranty services.
Finally, the power battery is more complex, it is a battery, battery, battery accessories, electronic control system and other complete set of battery packs, some car companies may play "word games", only to protect the battery cell, other is not responsible, that means that even if the free replacement of the battery cell also needs to replace other components, it is still necessary to pay their own expenses.
Although the price of power batteries has declined in the past two years, it is still high, and one kilowatt-hour electricity needs about 900-1300 yuan, which does not include other man-hours and other costs.
Now the power battery of the general pure electric vehicle is above 50kwh, in terms of 70kwh battery, if it is a self-funded battery replacement, it needs at least 70,000 or more, in terms of the current price of pure electric vehicle power battery, want to replace the battery yourself, it is estimated that seeing the price of the replacement, many car owners are left with only their heads.
Similarly, for pure electric vehicles also face another problem, once the problem is encountered in the later stage, the maintenance cost is much higher than that of fuel vehicles, on the one hand, the pure electric vehicle market has less, maintenance technicians, accessories and other channels are fewer, coupled with their own high technical requirements, which ultimately leads to higher maintenance costs.
Why is it said that pure electric vehicles "save fuel but do not save money"?
After combining the above 4 cost comparisons, it will be found that a family car, assuming the use of the car for 10 years, the fuel cost plus maintenance fee of the fuel vehicle totals 96,000 yuan, while the pure electric vehicle only needs 23,000 yuan, compared with the two, the pure electric vehicle saves 73,000 yuan.
However, the residual value of fuel vehicles is almost more than 2 times that of pure electric vehicles, the difference in price starts at 30,000, counting 30,000 here, plus 50,000 saved when buying a new car, these two expenses have exceeded the money saved in the first two of pure electric vehicles, which is not counting the tens of thousands of yuan that may need to replace the battery in the future, nor is it a maintenance cost, so it is only charging to save money.
Feel the second, the endurance of less than 300 kilometers of pure electric vehicles, it is better to buy a "battery car"
As early as 2014, when pure electric vehicles were just popular, the endurance of pure electric vehicles on the market was about 150 kilometers, it can be said that many new energy vehicle companies are purely "testing the waters" or in order to get subsidies, after 2016, the mileage was gradually increased to 200, 300, 400, 600 kilometers, but this is the official NEDC mileage, the real endurance is too poignant.
In terms of the pure electric vehicle I bought in 2016, I just launched a pure electric vehicle with an endurance of 300 kilometers, so I started, and the actual endurance of the car around the city was about 200 kilometers, that is to say, the daily activity radius could only be limited to 80 kilometers, if it exceeded, it would need to be charged once.
Because there is a fuel car at home, usually more than 100 kilometers away are driving fuel vehicles, to 2019, opened for more than 3 years, found that the charging time has become longer, asked the official, explained: slightly longer This may be related to the temperature, voltage, etc. at that time, and it did not care, but slowly found that the battery also has attenuation, sometimes fully charged, in fact, can only run more than 170 kilometers.
During the Spring Festival in 2020, there are things I want to go to the father-in-law's house, but the family drove the fuel car out to play, only pure electric vehicles, the distance between the two places is more than 150 kilometers, according to the previous mileage is enough, but never expected that the change will always be faster than planned.
More than 150 kilometers of the journey, about 130 kilometers are high-speed, the temperature is relatively low, about minus 2 degrees Celsius, as soon as you get on the car to open the heating and air conditioning, the whole speed is almost 110, 120 or so, ran more than 130 kilometers, found that the mileage is only more than 50 kilometers, but the nearest service area is still more than 20 kilometers.
According to this endurance situation, it is likely that it will not be able to hold up the service area, can only reduce the speed to 90 km / h, the air conditioner does not dare to open, in short, the power consumption equipment is all turned off, fortunately insisted on the service area, but far away to see the charging pile there is a long queue, are waiting for charging.
There are a total of 4 charging piles in the service area, one is bad, one reports the fault code, prompts incompatibility, the remaining two can be used charging piles, but there are six or seven car owners waiting for charging, probably calculated, even if a person charges for 1 hour, it also takes more than 3 hours, and in case of encountering others only slow charging, it will be more than an hour.
Finally, when the electricity was charged, it was already dark, originally it only took more than 2 hours, and it took more than 6 hours, which was time-consuming, laborious and laborious. According to such a car situation, the original 300 kilometers, the actual endurance is only more than 150 kilometers, such a mileage, only a little longer than some battery cars, can cover the wind and rain, other seems to have no obvious advantages.
Feeling three, charging is too sad
Easy to buy a car, difficult to raise a car, but pure electric vehicles are easy to charge the car, first of all, the installation of household charging piles is a troublesome thing, the general community property requires car owners to have property rights parking spaces to install charging piles, parking spaces from the main power supply can not be too far, too far may have safety hazards, for these reasons, it is also possible that the property does not allow the installation of charging piles.
In fact, the vast majority of people have not bought a house, naturally did not buy a parking space, and rent a car, the owner is naturally unwilling to tenants install charging piles, on the one hand, the safety responsibilities related to it will involve the owner, on the other hand, the tenant is not stable enough, affecting the normal rental of parking spaces.
Therefore, many pure electric vehicle owners are using public charging piles, and public charging piles are still less supporting, mainly concentrated in shopping malls, office buildings, wholesale markets and other crowded areas, often these charging piles will often encounter queuing charging situations, and farther charging piles, charging a single time, time-consuming, laborious, troublesome, the cost of comprehensive charging may reach 2 yuan a kilowatt hour.
Feel the fourth, afraid of cold in winter, afraid of heat in summer, more afraid of running high speed
How about the comprehensive performance of a pure electric vehicle, only need to run a high-speed trip in winter, its advantages and disadvantages are immediately reflected vividly, "low temperature + high speed + warm air conditioning" This is almost the "nemesis" of pure electric vehicles.
Because the power battery is greatly affected by its chemical properties, in the state of low temperature or high temperature, its activity will be greatly affected, especially when the temperature is lower than 0 degrees Celsius or the temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius, the charging and discharging performance of the power battery is affected.
Similarly, the faster the speed, the higher the motor energy consumption, the faster the battery consumption, when running at high speed, when the speed reaches 120 km / h, the power consumption at this time is almost twice that of urban cars.
We see that the official mileage has almost no reference value, which is the NEDC ideal endurance obtained under the scene of not using other power-consuming equipment at a uniform speed of 60 km / h, and because of this, a car officially has a range of 600 km, may actually only be able to run 400 km, on high speed, when the battery power is very small, it can only slow down, it is best to drive at a uniform speed, and even some car companies directly set low power, limit the kinetic energy output.
Of course, although pure electric vehicles have its shortcomings, but its advantages are also very obvious, for example, superior power performance, motor drive, get rid of the traditional engine drive, the motor can instantly continue to emit a larger torque, it can be said that 200,000 pure electric vehicles, in terms of power performance completely crushed 400,000, or even more than five or six hundred thousand fuel vehicles.
For example, Xiaopeng P7 pure electric vehicle and fuel vehicle Audi A6L power performance PK.
The Xiaopeng P7 motor has a maximum power of 196KW, a maximum horsepower of 267 hp, a peak torque of 390N.m, and zero hundred acceleration of 6.7 seconds.
Engine power performance of the Audi A6L: maximum power is 140 kW, maximum horsepower is 190 hp, peak torque is 320N.m, acceleration of 8.3 seconds per 100 km/h.
It is not difficult to see from the comparison that the power performance gap is too large, which is one of the advantages of motor drive.
Secondly, the performance advantage of pure electric vehicle NVH is obvious, motor driven, there is no noise and jitter of the traditional fuel engine, coupled with the body design, the wind resistance coefficient is much lower than that of the fuel vehicle, sitting in the car is very quiet.
Finally, the cool appearance of pure electric vehicles, rich functional configurations, automatic assisted driving, voice interaction, vehicle system, etc. reflect a strong sense of fashion and technology, and can also enjoy the "green card", unlimited lines and unlimited numbers, which is very popular in many first- and second-tier cities.
In short, if only from an economic point of view, at this stage, pure electric vehicles do "save money" and are relatively environmentally friendly, but the cost of comprehensive cars is not cheap, and even far exceeds that of fuel vehicles. At the current stage, if there is already a fuel car at home, then the second car chooses to start a pure electric car that is indeed very fragrant, if there is a daily demand for medium and long-distance vehicles, it is still a choice of fuel vehicles, plug-in hybrid and other models.