▲Qin Li Si Seal Book "Yishan Stele" Tuotuo Ben (I)
▲Qin Li Si Seal Book "Yishan Stele" Chu Tuo Ben (II)
In Qin's cause of unification, a major achievement was the unification of writing. Chinese characters have a history of more than 4,000 years. From the symbols that first appeared on pottery, the oracle bones carved on the shells of the beast bones, and the gold inscriptions cast on bells and dings, to the Taishi Script (Great Seal) during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, it was only in 221 BC, after Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, that Li Si and others unified the Chinese script with small seals. Li Si once said: The ancients created the Great Seal font, which was widely circulated, but due to the long time, people could not recognize it. So now delete the complicated strokes, omit the variant glyphs, and improve them into small seals. This is the first writing reform in China's history, and it has played a non-negligible role in the development of Chinese culture.
In the more than ten years after the unification of China, Qin Shi Huang made five long-distance inspections in order to strengthen his control over the whole country. In the twenty-eighth year of the reign of King Zheng of Qin (219 BC), when he went out to visit Mount Yi (in the southeast of present-day Zou County, Shandong), his hometown of Qilu in Shandong, he ascended to a distant perspective, full of passion, and said to the group of ministers: "Since you have come here, you must not leave a legacy without leaving a legacy, and inherit the future generations." Li Si immediately wrote a seal and sent someone to carve a stele stone on top of Mount Yi. This is the famous Qin "Carved Stone of Yishan Mountain".
Li Si's characters were first-rate in the Qin Dynasty. He also has a set of calligraphy theories, and when he talks about the method of using the pen, he says: to write, the pen should be turned rapidly, and the folding should be fast, like a goshawk swooping and circling. Closing the pen is like swimming fish in the water, transporting the pen is like a scenic mountain, the weight of the stroke, the volume, should be natural and integrated, generous and beautiful. It can be seen from the "Yishan Stone Carvings" that Li Si's calligraphy is strong and smooth, the lines are round, the structure is symmetrical, and the thickness of the dot paintings is uniform, which not only has the beauty of the pattern, but also has the potential to fly. The mastery of calligraphy conceals the precursors and disperses the later sages, making it difficult for all those who write small seals to enter the realm, and becoming the best for future generations to copy and study books.
This stele uses a simple and uniform pen, the Tibetan front is against the person, the circle is rounded, and the corners are arc-shaped, and there is no external pen. The knot is symmetrical and balanced, and emphasizes the change in symmetry, and there is a decorative beauty like a pattern pattern, which is in line with the law of the golden section. The rules are orderly and have a sense of rhythm and rhythm.
The Qin Seal was transformed and evolved on the basis of the Great Seal, and was greatly influenced by the "Stone Drum Text" and "Qin Gong Zhong", and the shape was rectangular. The Yishan stele is neatly composed and gracefully smooth, becoming a representative of the standardization and stereotyping of the seal book. However, the Qin seal rules are strict, lack of change, excessive pursuit of symmetry and balance, and loss of artistic interest, the Qing people Deng Shiru, Wu Rangzhi, Zhao Zhiqian, etc., strive to change the law, both square and round, the knot body is changeable, so that the seal book has a new meaning. When we study the Small Seal Book, we can start from the Yishan Stele, first seek strict rules, and after mastering the writing method, we can learn the genre of the Qing people to write, so that we can change with luck and receive the effect of doubling the results with half the effort.
Although the pen used in the seal book is not as complicated as the lishu, the letter and the line and cursive, there are also three processes in each stroke: starting the pen, writing the pen, and closing the pen. The starting pen must return to the front, the Hidden Front is reversed, and it is necessary to go down first, and to the left first and the right, so that the strokes appear subtle and powerful, and the pen is ready for the center to use the pen; The stroke of the pen is smooth, the middle is downwind, it cannot be soft, and the gesture must be controlled so that it is both flat on the paper and with the rise and fall of the wrist and elbow, can not be rigidly dragged, and each stroke has a feeling of flow rather than rigidity; The pen is gently pressed to make it round, which is called "tail protection". "Hide the head and protect the tail, the force is in the word", only then does the head and tail appear round and round, implicit and full.
【Yishan Stele】 Ming Tuo Zheng Wenbao carved Chang'an Ben
The emperor founded the country, and the beginning of the wei was in the past. The heirs are kings,
Crusade against rebellion. Threatening the four poles, Wuyi straight.
The courtiers were instructed, and it was not long before the time passed. Extinguish the six tyrannies,
Twenty-six years. The high number is recommended, and the filial piety is revealed.
If it is dedicated to Taicheng, it is a special favor. Pro Tour far away,
Climb the Mountain. The group of subordinates, the salty thoughts are long.
Remembering the chaotic world, dividing the land and building a state. To open up the argument,
Meritorious day by day. Bleeding in the wild, since taigu.
There are no tens of thousands of people in the world, Tuo and the Five Emperors. Can't forbid,
He is the emperor of the present. In the whole world, the soldiers will not rise again.
Disasters are extinguished, and The first of the qianshou Kangding. Li ze long,
The group chanted. Carved this stone, to broker.
The emperor said: The golden stone is carved out, and the first emperor did it
also. The name of the present and the golden stone inscription are not symmetrical, the beginning
Emperor its long time also. Such as the heirs
Is not called success. Chancellor, Minister
Go to the disease, Goshi Dafu Chende. Dead words, please
With the engraved edict, the golden stone is carved because it is clear. minister
Death please, system can be.
【Zheng Wenbaobao】 Qin Xiang Li Si's book "Yishan Stele", which is mysterious and ancient, is particularly important in the world. Therefore, he rode often to serve Xu Gongxuan, and cool and yuxuan
Fifty years, the time is incomparable, the late festival was obtained from the "Lingshan Stele", mastering his pen strength, saying that he had to think about the time of heaven and man. Because it is widely sought, the old traces of the sun are burned away. Wen Bao was educated by Xu Men and had a strong ambition. Taipingxing
In the spring of the fifth year of the country, he raised the soldier again, but did not win. East Shi Qilu, Ke Zou Yi, Dengxuan Mountain, asking for a visit to the Qin Monument, And There is no doubt. Caught in Xun Huan, worried under Hazel, but his traces will fall to the world. Now with xu's teaching, it is published in stone
Chang'an's former capital Guozi xue, Shu Boya gentleman saw the finger of the first Confucianism. On August 15, 1944, he was entrusted with Dr. Lang Shou Taichang and the deputy envoy of the Water and Land Metering Transit of Xizhou in Shaanxi Province, and gave him the Fish Bag Zheng Wenbaoji.