End to the others
Duan Fang was a Manchu local official who rose up during the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty, who served in the north and south, supervised one side, and was commented on by the times for his open-mindedness and practice of the New Deal.
Duanfang is also a large collector with rich collections in modern times, including bronzes, jade, stone carvings, tiles, ancient seals, calligraphy and paintings, etc.
He also recruited a large number of famous collectors and connoisseurs at that time, entrusting them to organize and compile their collections, and to compile them into volumes, effectively preserving and inheriting China's traditional culture.
Today, I would like to introduce to you the stele rubbings of the Buddhist temple made by An Zhou in the Beiliang Depression Canal that were collected by DuanFang.
End-of-the-road pick-up
The stele of the Anzhou Buddhist Temple in Beiliang Depression Canal was carved in the third year of Gaochang Beiliang Chengping (445).
In the eighth year of Qing Guangxu (1882), the treasure digger found this stele in the ancient city of Gaochang in Turpan, and it was both mutilated when it was excavated.
Between 1902 and 1903, the German archaeologist A. Grünweldel led a Turpan expedition to Xinjiang, where he bought the monument and broke it in two on the way to Berlin. After arriving in Berlin, the Stele of the Anzhou Buddhist Temple in the Northern Liang Depression Canal was collected by the Royal Museum of Berlin after several turns.
In the thirty-second year of the Qing Dynasty (1906), Duan Fang, who was on a foreign expedition in Europe, witnessed this monument in Berlin and expanded the entire picture with the approval of the German side. However, Duan Fang's visit to Europe was mainly to investigate constitutionalism, and there was no good work of rubbing, coupled with the fragility of the stone, he accidentally hammered the inscription when he was expanding the second copy. The German side terminated the rubbing work on this ground. Duanfang had to return to China with a full copy and a quarter of the rubbished fragments.
Because the original stele died in World War II, the entire text expanded by Duanfang was the only one in the sea. After returning, Duan Fang regarded the whole book as the most precious treasure and extended the invitation to his close friends and famous people. On the occasion of Xinhai, Duan Fang died, and his descendants sold the Tuoben to Li Jieru.
Entering the Tibetan National Museum
In 1976, Mr. Li Zhanghan, the grandson of Li Jieru, donated the stele of the AnzhouZhuo Buddhist Temple in Beiliang Depression Canal to the China Museum of History (now the National Museum of China).
According to Li Zhanghan's recollection, his ancestors regarded this Tuoben as the most precious treasure, not their closest relatives and friends, and did not show it; and in the lower left of Tuoben, the seals of the two sides of the seal book "Jiangxia Li Qin's original name Qingzi Jie ru Yi Shenyi" and "Jiangxia Li Clan Beiliang Monument Hall" were written. In order to protect the Tuoben during the Cultural Revolution, Li folded it and placed it in a pile of waste paper to avoid damage. Inspired by Shi Shuqing, Li Zhanghan decided to donate it to the country.
Northern Liang Depression Canal An zhou made Buddhist temple stele rubbings
Qing Dynasty Takumoto
Length 132.2 cm Width 85.8 cm
In 1976, Li Zhanghan donated
Beiliang Depression Canal An Zhou Zao Buddhist Temple Stele Tuoben 132.2 cm in length and 85.8 cm in width, Lishu, a total of 22 lines, 47 characters, 978 characters, each word is introduced in squares.
The topography is framed into a shaft, and there are many cracks at the crease due to long-term folding and preservation. The head of the bag has Zhang Zuyi inscription: "Beiliang Depression Canal An Zhou Made Buddhist Temple Stele, Stone in Taixi German Capital Museum, Tao Zhai Shangshu Tuogui, Tongcheng Zhang Zuyi There are more than 20 inscriptions around the Tuoben, which are inscribed by Yang Shoujing, Zhang Zhidong, Zheng Xiaoxu, Zhang Xiaoxu, Luo Zhenyu, Miao Quansun, Zhang Zuyi, and the French sinologist Paul Pelliot.
Rubbing inscription
Yang Shoujing inscribed a partial title
The Takumoto is an important document for the study of ethnic minority regimes in northwestern China.
Houbeiliang, the regime established by the Xiongnu Beizhi Lu Shuihu in Gaochang, also known as Gaochang Beiliang or Gaochang, is a continuation of the Northern Liang regime during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. In 439, the Northern Wei army conquered Guzang, and the King of Sorrow, Mu Qian, led the people to surrender, marking the demise of Northern Liang. Mu Qian's brother Frustrated Canal Wuxia and Frustrated Canal An Zhou crossed the quicksand to the west, captured Shanshan and Gaochang, and established Houbeiliang.
For a long period of time, the written historical materials and gold stone materials about Houbeiliang were almost blank. In the beiliang depression canal An Zhou Zhao Buddhist Temple stele expansion book clearly records: the temple was built in the third year of Liang Chengping (445), the age of the girder"; "Chengping" is the era name used by the brothers WuXia and An Zhou. Therefore, the Tuoben provides an important basis for scholars to study the history of The Later Northern Liang.
According to the inscription, the author was Xiahou Yue of the Later Northern Liang Zhongshu Lang, and the imperial envoy Soning was responsible for supervising the construction. The importance that the government attached to the construction of temples is evident, providing a glimpse into the state of Buddhism in turpan in the 5th century.
In addition to its historical value, the artistic value of the collection cannot be underestimated. The inscription knot is stable but not rigid, and the two ends of the horizontal pen are sharply angled and upward, although it has a clear meaning for the Lishu, which provides an important reference for the study of the transformation of Chinese calligraphy from Lishu to Kaishu.
(The above is an article written by Lin Shuo, selected from the "Collection of the Centennial Collection of the National Museum of China")
Graphic editing | Wu bi
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