In today's various exhibitions
The number of seal book works gradually increased
The creative techniques and the field of expression have also been broadened
The purpose of the pro post is to create
Just copy the words on the post
It's not enough
In the Seal Book Pro Creation Transformation
Mastery of ancient texts
It is the difficulty for all book readers
Proficiency in words
Richness for authoring content selection
Make the calligraphic language close to the seal book itself
It's a lot of old-fashioned
To learn without thinking is to be reckless
- Paleography and Paleography
■ Liu Hefei
For calligraphers of ancient scripts, it is not enough to practice how to write. It is also necessary to master ancient scripts. Since the ancient script has been spaced for more than 2,000 years, it is very difficult to use the text correctly. This is a professional discipline, called paleography, learning ancient characters can allow us to correctly understand the origin of words, the principle of word creation, the composition of the head, etc., so as to write correctly. The predecessor said: The ancient calligrapher must be a half paleographer, which shows the relationship between ancient calligraphy and paleography, which is also the difficulty of ancient calligraphy and needs to be overcome.
If you learn ancient calligraphy, if you participate in the study of ancient characters, you often do more with less, which many ancient calligraphy enthusiasts do not experience. Some enthusiasts blindly add to the post, accumulate years or even decades of work, or can not write ancient calligraphy, do not ask for books from outside the book, is a very important reason.
The relationship between paleography and paleography can be understood from the following four aspects:
First, correct identification and the learning path of ancient characters
Portfolio words, for today's ancient character calligraphy enthusiasts, due to the use of various APP, it is very easy to convert the text, but it is not easy to identify, and in the case of not allowing the use of APP search, as soon as possible to convert the text into the ancient text you need, you must master a certain amount of ancient text; otherwise, even if you enter the exhibition, it is difficult to pass the interview link. In addition, app search for converted ancient characters inevitably have some errors, because one word multi-meaning, one word multiple sounds, simplified and traditional conversion, text falsehood, text generation era and other issues are not yet solved by APP. Therefore, paleography is a hurdle that cannot but be crossed by lovers of ancient calligraphy.
For the author of modern calligraphy, if you study paleography, you can also understand the composition principle and evolution of the text from the source of the text, so that you can correctly understand and write. Therefore, the study of paleography is very important for all calligraphers, "learning without thinking is reckless", the eyes are only focused on how to write well, without learning from the thinking to gain knowledge, it is difficult to achieve a higher artistic realm.
How to ensure that the recognition is correct, first of all, we must understand the origin and flow of the text, the principle of the six books of composition, the partial head and its changes, and the use of kanji and variant characters. As far as the introduction is concerned, "Explaining Words" cannot be bypassed. The key to mastering the "Explanation of Words" is to say the head of the text, and the flow from the head of the part can be traced back to the golden script and the oracle bone, thus opening the door to the ancient script. There are more than 9,000 words in the "Explanation of Words", some of which are no longer in use, and the only words that can be recognized are more than 4,000 words, as far as the small seal is concerned, mastering these more than 4,000 words can basically solve 90% of the problem of reading the seal.
Wu Da Li Seal Book "Speaking of the Head of the Literature Department" (Partial)
The Great Seal only solves the problem of a door key, that is, the composition of the head and the head of the text. The original composition of the Golden Seal is mainly derived from the excavated bronze inscriptions, about 3,000 words, and the ancient text part of the "Commentary on the Interpretation of Words", which has more than 1,000 words, and these more than 4,000 words can solve the problem of about 70-80% of the text problems of our application of the Golden Seal. Oracle can now distinguish more than 4,000 different words, but only about 1500 words can be recognized, so the oracle's text reserves cannot solve the needs of large-scale creation, and can only choose words in some small works (such as Yang Lian).
10% of the small seal and 30% of the large seal gold script How to solve the correct use of the character, you need to use the tongkan correctly, so the tongkan is very important in paleography.
The study of the Great Seal of Jinwen "Jinwen Compilation" and "Ancient Script Compilation" is a very good tool book, on the basis of mastering the small seal, you can use these two reference books as literacy textbooks to learn, "Jinwen Compilation" text is not much, but the different writing methods of individual characters are very helpful for us to understand and master the changes of the Golden Seal.
Oracle bones can be self-contained, you can also learn oracle bones from the basis of mastering the golden script, so reverse tracing, you can understand the origin of ancient writing, and master the oracle bone.
The Warring States script is the regional development of the Golden Seal, and its source is still the Great Seal, but the regional characteristics of various places are obvious, and it is necessary to carefully study the Great Seal and the regional script in order to correctly identify and use the establishment of a writing system.
Today's calligraphy enthusiasts before learning ancient characters, due to the simplification of Chinese characters, the first thing to solve is the change of complexity and simplicity. Secondly, we must learn ancient Chinese and have a certain understanding of tongkan and variant characters, ancient and modern characters, in order to solve the basic problems of ancient characters.
Especially when we can't find the corresponding ancient script by looking up the dictionary, the conversion of false and variant characters is very important.
Second, how to make the correct classification to maintain the unity of the text
The classification of ancient characters helps us to understand and learn ancient characters, so it is important to classify them correctly, as far as ancient calligraphy is concerned, so that we can maintain the unity of writing. So I prefer to classify it in terms of the uniformity of the written text:
1. Oracle and Shang Jinwen, Western Zhou Early Jinwen
The oracle bone is a practical script of the Shang Dynasty, but from the excavated Shang Jin wen ("Four Ancestral Qi qi", "Shang Zun", "Xiao Chen Yu Zun", "Shu Si Zi Ding", "Er Qi Qi Qi Jie", "Wanton Gui", "Xiao Chen Gong Fang Ding", "Liu Qi Qi Qi Jie"), in fact, it belongs to the same kind of writing, but the difference between casting and engraving. The early Western Zhou Dynasty Jin Wen ("Li Gui", "Da Lu Ding", "Heavenly Death", "He Zun", "Kang Hou Gui", "Xiao Chen Shan Zhen", "De Fang Ding", "Xianhou Ding", "Bao Jie", "Xiao Lu Ding", "Yi Hou Ya Gui", "Lu Ding", "Fold Zun", "Zhao Ji", "Lu Zun", "Ling Gui", "Lu Fang Gui", "Ling Fang Yi", "Zhao Zun", etc.) can also be studied as texts of the same period. Oracle bones can now read about 1500 words, used for calligraphy creation, obviously the number of words is not enough, but the reference to the Shang Jin text and the early Western Zhou Jin text, you can solve the problem of the small number of oracle bone characters, the creation of oracle bone calligraphy works, the early Western Zhou text to undertake the Shang Dynasty script, and did not make a big change; if these three parts of the text are studied and created together, it is possible to create a basically unified style of the Western Zhou dynasty style of the golden works.
Rubbings of "The Great Luding"
2. Western Zhou Jinwen
In the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Jinwen had "Wall Plate", "Dong Ge Fangding", "Wei Gui", "Song Gui", "Nine Years Wei Ding", "Jing Gui", "Yong Lu", "Ku Ding", "Zhao Cao Ding", etc., and the late Western Zhou Jin wen had "Mao Gong Ding", "Zhi Fu Gui", "Duo You Ding", "Song Ju", "Forty-two Years of Ding", "Shi Yuan Gui", "Sanshi Pan", etc., the legendary Zhou Xuanwang's Taishi Zhen has multiplied and sorted out the ancient characters, so the middle and late Zhou Dynasty texts are different from the early scripts, I think the entire Western Zhou script can be regarded as a writing system, Taking the middle and late script as the basic system, referring to the early script of the Western Zhou Dynasty, a complete golden seal writing system can be established, and there are currently more than 3,000 words that can be recognized, which can solve about 70-80% of the writing problems.
3. Six languages
1) Warring States - Qin characters "Shigu Wen", "Qin Gonggui", stone carved characters "Shigu Wen" and Qin Jinwen "Qin Gonggui" from the perspective of the writing system, are between the big seal and the small seal of the text, can be cross-referenced to learn, self-contained system.
2) Warring States - Qi Yan character "Chen Man Qi", Qi Tao character, Qi Xi seal text, Yan Xi seal text, these four scripts can establish a system, especially the seal engraving is based on the Qi Yin Qi Tao Yan seal, refer to the big seal, you can get the obvious style of the text features.
3) Warring States - Chu "Wang Sun Zhong" and Yan "Zhongshan Wang", which is a kind of modified text, the text is slender, rich in decoration, but it is still derived from the ancient Chinese of the Great Seal, and the text is its own system.
4) Chujian script, unearthed Chujian mu written text is very much, because it is handwritten, but also has obvious regionality, horizontal posture, stroke reduction and addition change more, the stroke of the text is more arbitrary, with very obvious characteristics, can independently establish their own writing system.
5) The Three Jins Xiaoxi script and the Hou ma Meng shu text, hou Ma Meng shu from the text point of view and the Jin Wen Da Seal is not much different, but because it is a handwriting, the stroke tip is fine, and has obvious characteristics, the Three Jin Xiao Xi is due to the small seal text, the stroke has more provinces and printing, and the basis of the text is still the big seal, so the two types of writing are actually one, from the same region and basically the same time period, careful study can also be self-contained.
Stone Drum Text Rubbings (Partial)
4. Qin Xiaozhuo and Li Yang Ice Wire Seal
Li Yangbing inherited the writing characteristics of Qin Xiaozhuan, purely based on the strokes of iron wire (jade 箸), so it can be classified into one category, and the writing system can be all classified into the "Explanation of Words", which is the purest small seal.
5. Qin Zhao version and Han seal text
The Qin Zhao version of the text and the Han seal script are both seal books in the process of subordination, turning into folds, turning circles into squares, turning lengths into flat, random shapes, outer squares and inner circles, and no rules, and the greatest freedom. Therefore, I think they can be classified into a category of scripts, including Qinyin and Hanyin scripts, although there are provinces and provinces, but the roots of the text are still here, you can find the source from it, as for the artistic style, you can also refer to the inscription of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Famous stele posts include the "Monument to the Three Gong Mountains" and the "Monument to the Gods of Tianfa".
6. Small seal of the Qing Dynasty
In terms of the writing system, it is not much different from Qin Xiaozhuan. Famous authors include Deng Shiru, Wu Rangzhi, Zhao Zhiqian, Yang Xinsun, Wu Dayi and so on. In terms of calligraphy style, it is quite different from Qin Xiaohuan, and the text is mostly referred to as the large seal, which is more abundant than that of Qin Xiaohuan.
Clarifying the writing system is of great help to us learn ancient characters, and at the same time, it plays a very important role in the method, purification and establishment of our own writing system in the art of ancient calligraphy.
Deng Shiru's "Seven Words of the Seal Book"
Third, how to flexibly use ancient characters to improve the artistry of calligraphy
The art of calligraphy is not a simple writing of words, a word often has different ways of writing, complex and simple, ancient and modern, different and various partial interchange changes, compared to writing the right text, the choice of text requires more effort, choose a good font type, in the chapter of the division of Zhu Bu bai is crucial. Especially in the great seal of gold text, because the knots are relatively free, and there are more ways to write, choosing a good glyph can add a lot of color to the work.
Fourth, the kung fu of philology is accumulated day by day
Learning ancient characters seems to be very difficult, in fact, as long as the path is correct, in fact, it is not difficult to learn, as long as you are willing to sink your heart, do your homework every day, accumulate day by day, as short as a few months, as long as 2-3 years will be able to get more than you expect, in calligraphy, in philology, in literature, in history can benefit. This is also a kind of cultivation, which is part of both art and literature; it is also the so-called benefit of entering from difficult points, detours are often the fastest, winding paths, and natural holes.