Silk fabrics are one of the most difficult artifacts to preserve. The biggest loss in the excavation of Dingling was silk fabrics. Silk fabrics buried in the ground for three or four hundred years become crumbling when they see the wind and move. The particularity of silk fabrics, most of the buried in the ground are rotten, after thousands of years can be preserved, are valuable treasures, how to protect is the top priority. The achievements of the protection of silk fabrics were exhibited in the Capital Museum's "Ten Thousand Years eternal treasure - Exhibition of Cultural Relics Protection Achievements in Chinese Collections".
Han Dynasty Desert Curtain In 2007, the No. 1 Han Tomb of Xiejiaqiao in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, was excavated.
Ancient people died like things. The living room was hung with a drapery (similar to a tent), and the wooden coffin behind him was covered with a curtain.
The curtain, also known as the drapery and the wall willow, is the decoration that imitates the drapery of the living room outside the coffin. It is a common funerary instrument in the Western Zhou dynasty and Han Dynasty, buried in the ground, this thing is difficult to preserve, so for a long time there are only records in the history books, and I have not seen the actual object.
The earliest curtain came from the Western Zhou Cemetery in Hengshui, Shanxi, but in fact, the original textiles have long since completely decayed and disappeared, leaving only a part of the traces printed on the soil that collapsed in the burial chamber.
The four-layer silk curtain excavated from the No. 1 Han Tomb of Xiejiaqiao is the best preserved silk curtain of the same era discovered in China so far, with the largest number of layers and the largest area. But when it was unearthed, it had been soaked in stagnant water for more than 2,000 years and had become a "mess".
How to change them back to their original appearance has become a problem, because unearthing silk fabrics is the most difficult of all cultural relics protection. Most of the silk fabrics in the tombs decay and deteriorate, and even if they survive, they are "destroyed" due to long-term soaking in groundwater.
The microbial reinforcement method of non-strength silk is used, and the harmful substances in the fabric are decomposed by lactobacillus, and the appearance of the barren curtain is restored to the greatest extent. After years of meticulous restoration, the 4-story curtain reveals its true face, of which the 3rd floor is the most exquisite.
Using this technology, the Jingzhou Cultural Protection Center also restored two Kowloon painting umbrellas used by the Qianlong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, and a silk-woven cotton robe from Madame Xin Chai of mawangdui Han tomb in Changsha, Hunan.
Purple-brown luoyin gold painted lace single coat, Fuzhou Southern Song Dynasty Huang Sheng tomb excavated.
This purple-brown gold painted lace single dress can be felt through the display cabinet, flexible and ethereal, light and elegant at the same time, through the low-key luxury.
Such a slim and beautiful costume makes me think of the costume of Sheng Minglan in the play "Know it or not".
Huang Sheng wood unearthed a lot of silk fabrics, basically kept intact. But it was also buried underground for nearly 800 years, losing its basic mechanical strength after excavation. The repair adopts the grafting and reinforcement technology of fragile silk fabric based on silk peptide amino acid to relink the filament peptide chain that is broken due to aging, so as to improve the fracture strength of the fiber and improve the flexibility.
Northern Wei fur collar leather coat, unearthed in Inner Mongolia.
When the leather coat was unearthed, the surface was hard and dry, and the cultural relics doctor of the China Silk Museum made a perfect restoration, which was the first exhibition of the leather coat.
"Five-star out of the East lee China" brocade (copy).
"Five-star out of the East Lee China" Brocade arm guard (replica).
Restored Jacquard loom of the tomb of The Old Guanshan Han in Chengdu.
In 2012, four loom models and related cultural relics were excavated from the Laoguanshan Han Tomb in Chengdu, which is the only complete jacquard machine model of the Western Han Dynasty found in the mainland, and the earliest jacquard machine model found in the world.
In 2018, based on four loom models excavated from the Tomb of Laoguanshan Han in Chengdu, the weaving technology of such multi-layer jacquard looms was used to reproduce the "five-star out of the East And The China" brocade arm guard, and completely restored the Han Dynasty jacquard loom and its jacquard weaving technology system, that is, "Han machine weaving Han brocade".
The docent tried to explain how the loom worked, but still did not understand. Just understand that this is a machine that needs to be "programmed".
Han Dynasty Jinyuan silk embroidered straw woven box. Unearthed in Wuwei, Gansu.
At present, the protection of silk fabrics has entered the normative field, and the origin and nature of various silks have detailed data.
Similarly, cotton is the same, and there are accurate data on the origin and nature of cotton.
Data on various pigments.
The colors on Qianlong's dragon robes were analyzed.
And find the corresponding stained plant or mineral.
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