0-1 years old is an important time period in the baby's growth process, the baby is very fragile, need parents with care and patience to take good care of.
Many moms and dads take a lot of detours when raising their babies because they have no experience.
Therefore, we have compiled 30 baby parenting knowledge and now share it with you.
01 Spit in milk
Babies spit up milk, do not pick up immediately, so that it is easy to choke. Give the right recumbent buckle and let the baby cough up the milk.
For babies who vomit frequently, the optimal position after feeding should be to lie on a mattress with a slope of 15-30 degrees (not just raise your head) and lie down on the right side of the body, which can reduce the occurrence of spitting.
02 Hiccups
When hiccups, you need to pay attention to keeping the baby warm, try not to let the baby inhale air when feeding the baby, and you can also give the baby a gentle massage of the chest and abdomen to heal.
03 Intestinal colic
Intestinal colic occurs most often in infants in the first 3 months. You can give your baby a clockwise light rub on the stomach to help defecate and exhaust, pay attention to the warmth of the abdomen, and can also take the form of vertical or airplane hug.
04 How big can be held upright
Because the baby's nervous system development takes precedence over the development of the body and body movements, you can gradually try to hold it vertically at 2-3 months, from less to more.
05 Umbilical hernia
Since the baby's abdominal wall muscles are not yet well developed, the umbilical ring is not completely atresia, and if the abdominal pressure is increased, the intestinal canal will protrude from the umbilical ring and form an umbilical hernia. So we will find that the umbilical hernia will increase when the child is crying and defecating, and shrink when it is quiet.
Flatulence (infantile colic) is the main precipitating factor for umbilical hernia. During colic, flatulence combined with frequent crying forces the flatulent intestine to protrude outward to form an umbilical hernia. When the flatulence is relieved, the muscles in the umbilical hernia gradually grow inward, close the umbilicus, and disappear on their own within one year.
06 Fever and physical cooling
Below 38.5 °C, the physical cooling method of warm water wipe can be adopted, and it is not recommended to use alcohol or ice packs to cool down.
Under the premise of drinking more water, it is a good way to reduce clothing appropriately and take a bath or wipe the bath with warm water.
Your baby's diet is based on nutritious, easily digestible liquid food.
Above 38.5 ° C, it is necessary to seek medical treatment in time and use antipyretic drugs as directed by the doctor to prevent high fever convulsions.
07 How to judge that you wear too much?
To judge whether the baby is dressed enough, it is necessary to touch the back instead of the brain door, and there is sweat on the back, indicating that the baby is wearing more. The baby's basal metabolic rate is relatively high, it is recommended to wear as much as adults, or slightly less, and be careful not to get cold during illness.
08 Sleep time
Babies of different months of age sleep differently every day, please refer to the following table.
09 Eczema
Most of the causes of eczema are caused by allergies, skin development and other reasons. Damp heat can aggravate eczema. Eczema is a rash of skin scaling, water leakage, basal redness and swelling, accompanied by a pronounced itching sensation. Damp heat directly leads to heat rash.
Never attribute any rash that appears on the skin to eczema.
10 Occasional cough
It doesn't matter if you have a fever or a persistent cough with poor spirits, or if the cough is pronounced, you need to see a doctor.
11 Nasal congestion
Slight nasal congestion can be applied to the nose with a hot towel, and pay attention to the temperature and humidity of the home to avoid hot and cold.
The temperature is controlled at 24~26°C, and the humidity is controlled at 55-65%. The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is about 5 degrees.
If there is snot, you can use saline spray or saline drops, drop into the baby's nasal cavity, soften it, and then suck it out with a nasal suction device or gently roll it out with a cotton swab.
12 Sneezing
normal. This situation is generally that the child's nasal mucosa is delicate and sensitive to external stimuli, so there will be a sneezing situation. If you have cold symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose, you need to seek medical attention.
13 Bathing frequency
Wash 1 to 2 times a day when the weather is hot, wash 2 to 3 times a week when it is cold, the number of baths is too much, it is easy to dry the baby's skin, remember that the baby should choose baby-specific bath products.
14 Eye
Infant "long eye feces", especially only one side of the eye has eye feces, not necessarily caused by fire and eye inflammation, may be caused by poor patency of nasolacrimal ducts.
The nasolacrimal duct opens in the inner corner of the eye and leads to the inside of the nose. Tears are produced in the eye and absorbed into the nose through the nasolacrimal duct.
Many babies have poor patency of one side of the nasolacrimal duct, so that the tears produced normally cannot be fully drained into the nose through the ipsilateral nasolacrimal duct, causing tears to remain in the eye, which is also normal.
15 When to open with a pillow
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) noted in its 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Sleeping Environment for Infants that it is recommended that babies use pillows after the age of 1 year of life, not only not using pillows before, but also not placing pillows on cribs for safety reasons.
The specific pillow time should be determined according to the needs of the baby, such as the baby has been able to turn over flexibly and freely, sit upright, and these performances: when sleeping, like to put the head on some items, or pillow the parent's arm.
At this time, you can give your baby a pillow.
16 Why babies are bald at the pillow
Pillow baldness is generally because the baby lies more time, hair rubbing around is easy to fall off, you can choose a relatively soft pillow for the baby, in addition to paying attention to pillow baldness is not necessarily a lack of calcium, do not blindly give the baby calcium supplement.
17 Asymmetrical leg stripes
Many babies have asymmetrical leg lines, don't worry too much, just hip dysplasia, it looks like "dislocation". If you are really worried, you can go to the hospital for a comprehensive examination. Most of the children's final examination results are normal.
18 When does your baby start teething?
There are 20 baby teeth in total, and they begin to teeth out at about 6 months, usually up to 2 years old or 2 and a half years old. The time of teething varies greatly, some as early as 4 months, while some as late as 10 months or even 1 year old, which is normal.
In children under two years of age, the total number of deciduous teeth is about equal to the monthly age minus 4-6, for example, 14-month children have 8-10 teeth. A total of 20 deciduous teeth are out.
19 Children should not stop eating their hands
Sucking is the innate reflex of infants and young children, born to meet, eating hands is the performance of infants and young children to explore the world, parents do not have to be too discouraged, as long as to ensure the hygiene of children's small hands.
However, for babies who eat hands frequently, parents can use a pacifier instead. The outer disc of the pacifier is effective in antagonizing the teeth and mouth shape abnormalities that may result from frequent sucking. It is best to quit eating before your child is 2 years old.
20 vaccinations
Vaccines are divided into planned (free) and unplanned (self-funded) two categories, if the economic conditions allow, it is recommended to try to vaccinate, there is a point to note, the baby must not be vaccinated when he is sick, in addition, vaccination can be late or not early.
21 How to prevent mosquito bites?
Babies under 3 months of age are best to use physical mosquito repellent, mosquito nets plus fly shoots are the best, older babies can use mosquito repellent products, but it is best to use natural products for babies.
Mosquito repellent products used by adults, as well as mosquito coils, should never be used by babies.
22 Should the child pee or not?
The urine is completely unnecessary, the vast majority of babies can be physiologically aware of urination, defecation at the age of 2 years old, too early to urinate on the stool is easy to cause the child's intestinal prolapse, is not conducive to the development of good toilet habits.
23 How to add complementary foods
Precautions for the addition of complementary foods: The starting time of addition is 4-6 months after birth, and the starting time is not significantly related to the feeding method, which is related to the growth process of the child and the development of the nervous system.
If your child has recently experienced slow weight growth and becomes interested in eating in adults, consider adding complementary foods. Parents should not add too hasty to avoid gastrointestinal discomfort or allergy problems.
Principles of complementary food addition:
1. Priority is given to adding iron-containing rice noodles
2. From less to more
3. From thin to thick
4. From one to many
24 How to supplement calcium
It should be emphasized here that in most cases, small babies do not need calcium supplementation, because the calcium in breast milk and formula is enough for the baby to absorb, but some babies do not absorb calcium enough.
What doctors usually call calcium supplementation is actually vitamin D supplementation. Because vitamin D promotes the body's absorption of calcium.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all pure breast-milk babies supplement with 400 IU of vitamin D per day; formula-fed babies need parents to calculate the difference according to the nutritional composition table of formula powder, and the total amount reaches 400 IU per day.
In general, children supplement with vitamin D daily from 15 days after birth to promote calcium absorption. As long as your baby's diet is normal and the intake of breast milk or formula is normal, there is no need to add calcium.
25 When to wean
After 6 months, the nutrition in breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of the baby (not that breast milk is not nutritious), you can add complementary foods to supplement the baby's nutrition, who (World Health Organization) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, and then continue to breastfeed for 24 months or more while adding complementary foods.
26 Do not eat probiotics
If your baby's digestive system is normal, he does not need to eat probiotics. If you really want to eat, due to the large number of probiotics, it is best to give your child a physical examination, consult a doctor, targeted supplements, and do not follow the crowd.
27 How to prevent food allergies
Allergies to certain foods are more common in babies, especially when trying new foods, and are more likely to occur. The usual reaction to food allergies is a rash or diarrhea and vomiting.
Therefore, when adding new food to the baby, a single food should be added first, once the allergy occurs, the allergic food can be found, and after the baby adapts to the single food, a mixed type of complementary food is added.
28 Do babies need to eat nutritional products?
Nutrition is very important for infants and young children, but it is not that nutritional supplements are important for infants and young children. Breast milk formulas and baby food supplements (such as baby nutrition rice flour) are rich in nutrients.
There are no additional nutrients to supplement with, except for vitamin D supplementation after 15 days of life. The DHA contained in breast milk is sufficient for infant growth and development, and does not require additional supplementation, which will increase the metabolic burden on infants and young children.
29 When to give your child yogurt
Yogurt is conducive to regulating the baby's intestines, and the taste is good, the baby likes to eat, but it should not be given too early, because yogurt is made of milk, so it is more suitable to drink after 1 year old.
30 Do you want to give your child glucose supplementation?
Do not add glucose through complementary foods. Because fruit or other carbohydrates contain sugar. And adding glucose to the baby only tastes sweeter, and this is exactly a taboo to add complementary foods.
Babies who are used to sweet things are likely to refuse to eat other flavors, such as vegetables, fish and meat.
This is equivalent to developing a bad habit of eating for the child from the beginning, and it is difficult to change. And it is easy to lay the curse of obesity in the future.
Source: Infant And Toddler Parenting Knowledge~