preface
Wuyan poetry was already very popular in the Han and Wei Dynasties, but Qiyan poetry became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Among the seven sentences, the four sentences are earlier, and the seven laws of the eight sentences are much later.
There are many seven masterpieces of Sheng Tang poets, and the seven masterpieces of Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Changling, Wang Zhizhuo and others have emerged in an endless stream. The number of seven-word poems is very small, and no one can compare with Du Fu.
To put it simply, Du Fu's Seven Laws are not only numerous, but also good. The "Title Zhang's Hermitage" that is appreciated today may be Du Fu's first seven laws. In addition to paying attention to Du Fu's wordless and no source, you can also pay attention to the pair of sentences, the three tails, and the folded waist.
First, the Spring Mountain is unaccompanied, and the Logging Ding Mountain is even more quiet.
The first poem of Du Fu's "Title Zhang's Hermitage" is a relatively rare seven-word poem of that era:
Spring Mountain is unaccompanied, and Logging Ding Mountain is even more secluded. The stream is cold and snowy, and the stone gate is inclined to the forest hill.
Do not covet the gold and silver qi at night, far from harm to see the elk swimming. Riding on the excitement of the source, the suspicion of the king is a virtual boat.
Written around the twenty-fourth year of the new century (736), this poem was the work of Du Fu when he was young, and still has the characteristics of no word and no origin.
Chun Shan is alone in his quest, and Chun Shan comes from Yu Xin's poem "To Lao Tzu Temple": "Wild smoke rises, and spring mountain birds cry." Companionless is from Liu Kun's "Reply to Lu Chen's Poem": "The pavilion is lonely, and the only child is unaccompanied." ”
Reciprocal seeking, from "Yi": "Seeking the same qi." Poets of the Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties also often used it, such as Guo Xiaozhou's "Three Poems for Ji Kang": Seeking from the same qi, the wind and cool wind in the Tiger Xiao Valley. Yang Fanghu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty," "Five Poems of Hehuan Poems Part 1": The wind rises in the valley, and the dragon leaps over the clouds. The same voice is good and corresponding, and the same breath is self-seeking.
Logging Ding Ding, from the Book of Poetry: "Logging Ding Ding, birds singing hiss." Hiss hiss, his friendly voice". The mountain is more quiet, from the "Into ruoye Creek" of the royal book (Southern and Northern Dynasties): the cicada noise forest is more quiet, and the bird song mountain is more quiet.
Shoulian said that he had no partners in the Spring Mountain, and he also came to visit Zhang's family, and along the way he cut wood ding ding birds singing (because of the flatness, he chose to cut wood instead of birdsong), and the valley was quiet.
Second, the stream road remains cold and snowy, and the stone gate slopes to the forest hill.
In the jaw connection, there are sentences in the middle of the pair, the stream road - yu cold - ice and snow, the stone gate - the oblique sun - the forest hill, and the upper and lower links are also opposite.
Ice and snow, refers to frozen snow, ice is to go to the sound. Therefore, the calendar ice and snow are three tails. The three tails in Tang Dynasty rhythmic poems are extremely common, and can even be seen in trial poems.
Jian Dao, from the Southern Liang Wang Taiqing's "Fenghe to tiger cave mountain temple poem": Flying liang through the jian road, jiayu to the mountain foundation. This is the poem he wrote when he accompanied Emperor Xiao Gang of Liang Jianwen to the Tiger Cave Mountain Temple.
Yu Han comes from the Southern and Northern Dynasties He Huannan's "Reply to He Xiucai's Poem": "The final dynasty is long to guard the bread, and the night is stacked to embrace Yu Han." ”
Ice and snow, from the "Seven Lamentations" of Wang Yue, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty: ice and snow cut off the skin, and the wind drifts endlessly.
Shimen, either in general, or from the Eastern Jin Dynasty monk Hui Yuan's "You Shimen Poems" is not original, and the sense of happiness is self-generating. Overhearing the stone gate tour, strange singing and ghostly feelings.
Oblique sun and lin qiu are also common words in the poets of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Xie Shuo's "Xia Shi and Liu Liuling's Poems": the sun passes obliquely against the window, and the cave is rarely rushed in. Xie An's "Lan Ting Poem": Chez is persistent, sending Ao Linqiu. Lin Qiu represents a hermitage.
The portraits and imagery words are all derived from the ancient poems of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
This poem is divided into two parts, the first diptych is mainly written scenes, and the latter diptych begins to change.
Third, do not covet the night to know the gold and silver qi, far from harm to see the elk swimming
The neck link began to be lyrical, and these two sentences were Du Fu's evaluation of Zhang.
Do not covet gold and silver at night, and praise the master to regard money as dung. Gold and silver qi, from Sima Qian's "Book of History and Heavenly Officials":
Where the waters are great, the military field is defeated, the void of the country is broken, there is money underneath, and above the golden treasure, there is qi, which must not be overlooked.
Du Fu's Seven Laws of "Pavilion Night" jaw lianyun: the five drums and horns are tragic and majestic, and the three gorges galaxy shadow is shaken. The Southern Song Dynasty poet Zhou Zizhi said in the "Poetry of Zhupo" that it was also a classic of the "Book of History and Tianguan":
Whoever writes a word, let the matter be in the language and not be known. Yu read Tai Shi Gong's "Book of Heavenly Officials": "Tianyi, guns, poles, spears, shields shake, horns are large, and soldiers rise." Du Shaoling Shiyun: "The sound of the five more drums and horns is tragic, and the shadow of the Three Gorges Galaxy is shaken." "Gai secretly uses the language of migration, and the language means to use soldiers. As for this, the poem can be a worker.
Night Consciousness, from The Gathering of Arts and Literature, Vol. 83:
"Earth Mirror Map": All the gold and jade swords, copper and iron, all take the day of the xin, wait for the rain to stop, tomorrow's flat Dan, but also the twilight of the night, see the light white jade also, red gold, yellow copper, black iron.
Not greedy, from the "Left Biography":
The Song people or (some people) get jade, and offer the sons and daughters, and the sons and daughters receive. The jade devotee said: "To show the jade people, the jade people think that the treasure is also, so they dare to offer it." Zi Han said, "I regard not coveting as my treasure, and I regard jade as my treasure, and if I am with me, I will lose my treasure, and if no one has his treasure."
Far harm towards the elk swim, far harm, far away from the disaster, from the "Yanzi Spring and Autumn":
Yan Zi Ju Yan Huan Zi's Funeral, Rough Decay, Chopping, Tho Ribbon, Staff, Suga, Porridge, Ju Yi Lu, Sleeping Cocoon, Pillow Grass. His family elder said: "The ceremony of the non-doctor who lost his father." Yan Zi said, "Only Qing is a doctor." Zeng Zi smelled Confucius, Confucius said: "YanZi can be said to be far from harmful." Do not refute the wrongs of others by taking one's own words, and resign oneself to avoid blame, and be righteous. ”
Confucius said that Yanzi did not need his own correctness to refute the faults of others, this is a wise man, humble and not sinful, but far from disasters.
Cao Zhi's "Jiaozhi Poem" poem Yun: "The osprey is far from harmful, not ashamed to inhabit, the spirit is sheltered, and the mud is not ashamed." "Keep a low profile and stay away from the disaster.
Elk You, from the "History of Li Si", Li Si was persecuted by Zhao Gao, and looked up at the sky in prison and sighed:
Now the rebels are already half of the world, and the heart is not yet yuya, and with Zhao Gao as the support, I will see Kou to Xianyang, and the elk swim in Chaoye. Therefore, the second emperor made the high case of the prisoner, punished the crime, blamed si and the son for plotting against him, and arrested the guests of the clan.
There were more and more rebels in the world, and if the emperor still trusted and reused Zhao Gao, he would soon rebel and send troops to Xianyang. The capital is covered with weeds, and every day you will see wild deer wandering around.
The Tang Poetry Selection Association Tong Pinglin mentions that Jiang Yikui (the author of "Yaoshan Tangwaiji" and a Poet of the Ming Dynasty) believes that the neck joint is a folded waist body: five, six, the upper two words are sentenced, and the lower five words are the upper two words, which are folded waists.
Recognize the gold and silver qi at night, explain that you are not greedy, swim towards the elk, and explain the far harm. This syntax also requires special attention.
Qing Dynasty Pu Qilong's "Reading Du Xin Xie":
Gai shicheng is written after the already staying, which is an inscription wall poem, not a visiting hidden poem. The visit to the hidden must be by me and others, and the inscription wall must be because of people's feelings. If you think that you have just arrived, how about "night awareness" and "looking"?
Meaning, this poem was written after a visiting friend lived there, and there was some feeling.
Fourth, taking advantage of the excitement and confusion about the provenance, the suspicion of the king is a virtual boat.
Chengxing, from the story of "The World Speaks a New Language" Night Snow VisitIng Dai:
The prince lived in the mountains, snowed at night, slept, opened the room to drink wine, and looked around. Because of the wandering, chanting and meditating on hidden poems. Suddenly remembered Diane Road. When worn in the sword, even if it is taken in a boat at night. After passing through the house, the door is not returned. When the people asked him why, Wang Yue said, "I have traveled with pleasure and returned with all my pleasure, so why should I see Dai?" ”
杳然, that is, 窅然, 窅然, 窅然, is the meaning of tranquility. From "Zhuangzi's Getaway":
Yao rules the people of the world, and the government of The Sea. I saw the mountain of the four sons and the sun of Fenshui, and suddenly lost his world.
Confused by provenance, confused by whether to come out or not to come out (place). Wei Ruan's "Yong Huai" poem No. 8: "The provenance is special, and the pitch is different." Ji Xi 's "Answer to Ji Kang's Four Poems · Three": The source is due to the current situation, and the subliminal is impermanent.
Confused about the provenance, the meaning is sudden, and there is some confusion about whether to go out or live in seclusion.
For Jun, doubt is that the two words are not allusions, but they are common words in the poems of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Virtual boats are meant to be unruly ships. From "Zhuangzi Shanmu": "The ark is in the river, and there are virtual boats to touch the boat, although there are people who are worried about it are not angry." This means that a person who is hit by an empty ship and has a narrow-minded and impatient heart will not get angry. If you are hit by a boat driven by someone, I am afraid that you will quarrel.
Conclusion
When Du Fu composed this poem, he was about 25 years old, but this poem has many dictionaries, and the next characters have a history everywhere, which shows that when he was young, he had already "read more than ten thousand volumes, and his pen was like a god." ”
Du Fu's use of canons and lower characters comes either from the history of the scriptures or from the verses of the previous dynasties (from many poems of the Six Dynasties).
Not greedy - night to recognize gold and silver qi, this 2-5 structure of the waist-bending body syntax, worth noting and learning.
Regarding the pairing of sentences, if you usually pay attention to them, you will find that they are very common in Du Fu's poems.
The three tails, in the Tang law, are declension of the law, not out of the law.
In terms of chapters, the first four sentences of this poem are written as scenes, and the last four sentences are written with love, turning from the neck joint.
@Old Street Taste
There has never been much ancient meaning, and the view is hesitant, is it true that Du Fu's poems have no word and no origin?