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1. Banner: The long rice paper is fully open and folio (half-cut or half-folded), and the works of the straight book are used as banners.
2. Yang Lian: Two folio banners, written up and down the couplet, also known as couplet, pair or 楹帖.
3. Middle hall: the material paper is fully opened or slightly smaller than the full opening and hung alone or hung together in the banner between the yang lian.
4. Bucket square: The rice paper is cut into a genre of about eight open sizes (about 1 foot square), called.
5. Plaque: also known as horizontal drape, banner horizontal book frame or carved on wooden board hanging on the wall.
6. Strip screen: Use material paper such as the middle hall and banner to write a group of works, according to the length of the poem.
7. Fan surface: the size is like a fan, there are fans and folding fans, and can also be mounted or shafted into a book.
8. Album: The small works are framed for reading, combined into a book, and expanded into a booklet, the contents of which are either coherent or independent.
9. Hand scroll: also a horizontal axis, inconvenient to hang, only suitable for stretching on the desk, viewing the banner works that are rolled behind.
Chinese calligraphy and painting rice paper size:
1. 3-foot rice paper - specifications of 100×55 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Three feet full open: 100×55 (standard three feet)
Large three feet: 100×70 (standard three feet in length and two feet in width)
Three-foot extension: 136×50
Three-foot horizontal batch: 100×55 (standard three feet)
Three-foot single bar (vertical shaft): 100×27 (standard three feet length unchanged, width 1/2)
Three-foot couplet: 100×27 (standard three feet length unchanged, width 1/2)
Three-foot bucket square: 50×55 (standard three-foot rice paper length 1/2, width unchanged)
2. 4-foot rice paper - specifications of 138×69 (length× width) (unit: CM)
4 feet full open: 138×69 (standard 4 feet)
4 feet horizontal batch: 138×69 (standard 4 feet)
Four-foot single bar (vertical shaft): 138×34 (standard four-foot rice paper length unchanged, width 1/2)
Four-foot couplet: 138×34 (standard four-foot rice paper length unchanged, width 1/2)
Four-foot bucket square: 69×68 (standard four-foot rice paper length 1/2, width unchanged)
4 feet 3 open: 69×46 (standard 4 feet rice paper length 1/3, width unchanged)
4 ft 6 open: 46×34 (standard 4 ft rice paper length 1/3, width 1/2)
4 feet 4 open: 69×34 (standard 4 feet rice paper length 1/2, width 1/2)
4 ft 8 open: 35×34 (standard 4 ft rice paper length 1/4, width 1/2)
Three and five feet of rice paper - specifications of 153×84 (length× width) (unit: CM)
5 feet full open: 153×84 (standard 5 feet)
5 feet horizontal batch: 153×84 (standard 5 feet)
Five-foot single bar: 153×42 (standard five-foot rice paper length unchanged, width 1/2)
Five-foot couplet: 153×42 (standard five-foot rice paper length unchanged, width 1/2)
Five-foot bucket square: 77×84 (standard five-foot rice paper length 1/2, width unchanged)
4. 6 feet of rice paper - specifications of 180×97 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Six feet full open: 180×97 (standard six feet)
6 feet 3 open: 60×97 (standard 6 feet rice paper length 1/3, width unchanged)
Six-foot couplet: 180×49 (standard six-foot rice paper length unchanged, width 1/2)
Six-foot bucket square: 90×97 (standard six-foot rice paper length 1/2, width unchanged)
Five, seven feet of rice paper - specifications of 238×129 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Seven feet full open: 238×129 (standard seven feet)
Six, eight feet of rice paper - specifications of 248×129 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Eight feet full open: 248×129 (standard eight feet)
Eight-foot screen: 234×53
Eight foot bucket square: 124 (cm) × 124 (cm)
7. One-foot and two-foot rice paper - specifications of 367×144 (length× width) (unit: CM)
2 feet: 367(cm)×144(cm)
Daiichi Shōjo 2 Doukata: 180(cm)× 142(cm)
1jo 2: 360(cm)×96(cm)
8. 6 feet of rice paper - specifications of 503×193 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Six feet in length: 503×193
9. Eight feet of rice paper - specifications of 600×248 (length× width) (unit: CM)
Eight feet in length: 600 ×248
Detailed explanation of the format of calligraphy works:
Bucket side
A style of Chinese painting and calligraphy. Square in shape. Usually two parts of four feet of rice paper are cut, two feet high and two feet wide, and four feet of rice paper can also be cut into eight parts, called "small piece bucket square", or "bucket square sketch".
Bucket squares are works of squares written in vertical rows. The writing content is generally four to six lines. Because there are many rows, the layout of the chapter should emphasize the size, opening and closing, echoing and rhythm changes of the upper and lower left and right. When creating, we must pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the main text and the falling paragraph, and the paragraph is generally smaller than the main text, and it should be natural and vivid. The drop can be written below the body of the last line, and there should be room for layout. The bottom end of the paragraph is generally not flush with the body to avoid rigidity of the form. It is also possible to occupy another line or two lines after the main body, and neither the upper nor lower lines can be aligned with the main text. If the seal should be smaller than the paragraph word, it should leave more than one word position.
Three open
A style of Chinese painting and calligraphy. It is rectangular in shape and varies in size. If you cut it in three parts with four feet of rice paper, it is called four feet and three open. If you cut it in three parts with five feet of rice paper, it is called five feet and three open. By analogy, the same is three open, the size is different, four feet three open is generally a three foot screen (actually two feet seven inches, one-third of the eight square market feet). Five feet and three openings is one-third of twelve square feet, and the area of each opening screen is four feet.
Pairs of widths
A style of Chinese painting and calligraphy mounting. Usually two paintings are hung in pairs. For example, calligraphy is called "word pair" or "couplet". Ming and Qing paintings have "painting pairs", which are two screen strips of equal size, hanging in pairs. There are also paintings of vertical axes hanging in the middle of the hall, with "character pairs" hanging on both sides, or calligraphy hanging in the middle of the permanent axis, and "painting pairs" hanging on both sides.
Nave
The nave is a rectangular work written in vertical rows. The size is generally a piece of rice paper (divided into four feet, five feet, six feet, eight feet, etc., of which the small middle hall is 68cm×45cm). Because the scale is relatively large, it is necessary for the creator to have a skilled technique and the ability to grasp the overall layout of the work. When creating, we must pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the main text and the falling paragraph, so that the primary and secondary between them are different, and the corresponding brilliance is generated. Don't take the lead. The drop can be written below the body of the last line, and there should be room for layout. The bottom end of the paragraph is generally not flush with the body to avoid rigidity of the form. It is also possible to occupy one or more lines after the main text, and it is not appropriate to align with the main text. The seal should be smaller than the paragraph word, and the stamp generally needs to leave the position of more than one word, cover the bottom of the paragraph word, and can also be covered on the left side of the paragraph word.
scroll
Banners are long works written in vertical lines. The size is generally a whole piece of rice paper. When arranging chapters, they should be able to be carefully conceived according to the characteristics of the book, and the intention should be new. When creating, we should pay attention to the primary and secondary relationship between the main text and the falling paragraph. The drop should be staggered and natural and vivid. The drop can be written below the body of the last line, and there should be room for layout. The bottom end of the paragraph is generally not flush with the body to avoid rigidity of the form. It is also possible to occupy another line or two lines after the main text, and it is not appropriate to align with the main text. The seal should be smaller than the paragraph word, and the stamp generally needs to leave more than one word position, and can also be stamped on the left side of the paragraph word.
There are two common formats for banners:
Written in two or three lines. Two-line format. The left and right lines are written on the left and right sides of the paper, leaving more blank space in the middle. Notice the rhythm of the contact between the upper and lower characters, and the echoes between the two lines. The paragraph is usually written at the end of the second line, which should be slightly higher than the last word of the first line. Paragraphs can be written on one or two lines. The format of the three lines should pay attention to the interrelationship between the three lines, interspersed with the reflection belt and the rhythm change. The paragraph can be at the lower end of the last line, and the bottom end is slightly higher than the position of the main text of one or two lines; it can also be written separately, and the paragraph should be shorter than the main text, and the upper and lower paragraphs should not be parallel to the main text.
Write one line in the center (less words). The content of the writing is generally aphorisms, aphorisms or a poem. The number of words is small, and when writing, we should pay attention to the opening and closing of words and the rhythm change to seek vividness. The payment can be divided into single and double models. The single paragraph is generally written in the middle of the left side. The content of the paragraph includes the time of writing, the name of the author, or only the name or number of the writer. The seal is stamped under the paragraph, generally on both sides, and the distance between the seal and the seal should be appropriately pulled apart. Falling double paragraph, the upper paragraph is written in the upper part of the right side of the work, generally write the time of creation of the work, if it is a gift of works, it is necessary to write the name or number of the recipient, the title and yazheng, Save, reward and other words.
couplet
Couplets, also known as couplets. It is divided into upper and lower two links, the right side is the upper link, and the left side is the lower link. The size of the up and down links can be equivalent to the banner, or it can be larger or smaller than the banner. The content of the couplet is extremely strict, and can only be a sentence of the battle (the number of words is equal, the number of words is equal, the general word is not repeated), including the dual sentence (commonly known as the pair), and the middle two couplets (jaw joint, neck joint) in the rhythm poem. Dual sentences are common in five or seven words, as few as three words and one couplet, as many as several crosses, and hundreds of words in a couplet. The Vinaya is divided into five words and seven words. For the couplets of five and seven words, when arranging the chapters, the upper and lower links should be written vertically in a single line. Dual sentences above the cross should be written as double or multiple lines (pay attention to the order of writing, the upper link is from right to left, and the lower line is from left to right. Drop double paragraphs, respectively, in the upper and lower ends, the paragraph words are slightly higher than the bottom of the text). The position of the upper and lower ligatures is generally basically parallel. Deal with the size of the upper and lower words in a line, the changes in retraction, and the echo between the upper and lower couplets, so that the upper and lower two links become a whole.
The couplets below the cross are divided into two types: upper and lower paragraphs and single paragraphs. Upper and lower paragraphs, the upper paragraph is written on the right side of the upper link, and the lower paragraph is written on the left side of the lower link. The author and title of the poem are generally written in the previous paragraph, such as the name and number of the person who wrote the book, as well as the place and time of writing, such as the name and number of the person who wrote the poem in the next paragraph of "Huangting Jiandeng Kuaige Verse". For example, if the "Book of The Book of the Book of The Book of the Save Book of the For example, "Ms. Wenying Save" if someone else asks you to write a work, the shanglian writes the name or number of the person who asked you to write the book, and the words "letter of instruction" are added to the title. The single section is generally written in the upper middle position on the left side of the lower link. The content of the paragraph includes the time of writing, the name of the author, or only the name or number of the writer. The seal is stamped under the paragraph, generally on both sides, and the distance between the seal and the seal should be appropriately pulled apart.
Fan
This refers specifically to the folding fan fan, which is a special form. Due to the wide and narrow shape of the fan surface, the fold and the disassembly are also narrow. This unique style requires us to make appropriate arrangements when creating.
There are three common forms of fan surfaces:
(1) Make full use of the upper end, the lower end is not used. This format is appropriate to write two words per line, from right to left, in order. The drop is written on the left side of the body. Paragraphs should be longer, paragraphs should be written in one line to several lines, and the seal should be smaller than the main text.
(2) Write less numbers, use the width of the fan from right to left, write two to four words horizontally, to be retracted and placed, and the money can be written in several lines of small characters, which is interesting with the main text.
(3) The upper end is written sequentially, and the lower end is interlaced, forming a pattern of staggered lengths. In this way, the upper end can be avoided, and the bottom end is crowded, and the harmony of the whole text can be achieved. In this format, it is advisable to write long lines first, with about five words as the appropriate, and short lines as one or two words. The fall should be wonderful, generally written after the main text, one or several lines can be. That is, the chapter should be smaller than the word of the falling paragraph.
Calligraphy is created in a tradition
Style drop and stamp:
The payment originates from the "money recognition". Originally, it was an inscription on the bronze that explained the reason for casting the vessel. It is later used as an explanation of the author and content of the painting and calligraphy. The content of the payment is the author's name (including word, number), time, writing content and even including the place of writing, environment or climate, mood, etc. There are upper and lower paragraphs. The author's name is referred to in the following paragraph. The object of the gift of the book is called the upper paragraph. The above paragraph generally does not write the surname but only the name to show cordiality, if it is a single name, the name is written together. Under the name, it is also necessary to write the title, generally called "comrade", "sir", and then write "zhengzhi", "zhengshu", "correction" or "letter of instruction", "instruction", "yazheng", "Save" and so on. The upper paragraph may be written in the upper right of the book or after the end of the main text, but the upper paragraph must be above the lower paragraph as a sign of respect. Generally not flush with the main text, but slightly lower, the word is smaller than the main text.
Before creating, you must first choose what you write, the content requires health, positivity, and you can also write ancient or contemporary poems or famous sentences. After the content is determined, the form of writing can be considered, whether it is to write the middle hall, couplet, banner, banner or album, bucket square; whether to write large or small characters, write a few lines, how big is the paper? Also leave a place for the payment. The content of the body should not be written on the top of the head, and there should be blank space around it. The vertical books such as the middle hall, the couplet, and the banner are larger than the sides when they are left blank (called the head of the sky and the head of the earth). A strand of upper space is greater than a lower short. For example, when writing a banner, the sky head can be left ten centimeters white, the ground head can be left seven centimeters white, and the sides can be left three or five centimeters white. The banner is left blank left and right, but it is greater than the heavens and the earth, and the white space of the heavens and the earth is equal. The square and album blanks are roughly the same around. After the four sides of the blank space are determined, fold or stack the grid according to the number of words and the size of the paper.
When creating, after writing in large characters, write the money in a small pen, write the money vertically, you can write two lines, or you can write only the name of the writer (called the poor money) on one line. According to the amount of money left blank, you can write the source of the content, you can also write the date, and finally write the name, "So-and-so's book". Generally, if the word is smaller than the main text, the body of the book can be distinguished by the same or the letter with the same meaning in the body. Finally stamped.
Stamp, refers to the stamp. There are two types of seals: Zhu WenYin and Bai Wenyin. Zhu Wenyin is also known as Yang Wen, that is, the word is convex, and the word printed on the paper is red; the white text is also called Yin, that is, the word is concave, and the word printed on the paper is white. From the content of the seal, there are also name seals, seals of the jai number and idle seals. Generally, a name seal is stamped after the name of the person who dropped the money, and if it is empty, it can also be stamped with a number seal, and the name seal of the same content of both parties cannot be stamped continuously. One side's surname seal can be stamped, one party's name seal, and often one Zhu and one white. In order to make the book echo up and down, often in the upper right of the book to cover the first seal, also known as the first seal, the content of the beginner's idle seal can choose "learning the sea", "seeking", "learning the book" and so on. The size of the seal is related to the size of the book and the font size of the book. Generally, large books are large and printed, and small books are small and printed.
Taboos for using the seal:
The calligraphy and painting are stamped on the fallen style, and the printing is larger than the word. Large stamps, small prints, of course.
The Chinese painting is stamped under the straight frame of the falling paragraph, and the bottom corner is straight down, and the corner idle seal cannot be stamped again. If the upper right drops, the lower left corner can be stamped with a leisure seal, the upper left fall model, and the lower right corner can be stamped with a leisure seal. If the above print is close to the lower corner, the idle seal does not need to be covered.
The Chinese painting chess plate falls, the left and right corners are edged, and the idle seal cannot be stamped. The upper right can be stamped with a square badge, the lower left corner can be stamped with a square badge, the lower right corner can be stamped with a square badge. Here, if you don't need to stamp it, but barely cover it, it will be self-defeating.
Rectangular, round, oblong idle seal, er can not cover the position of the lower corner square corner idle seal.
Square idle seals, can not be covered in the upper blank space of the calligraphy and painting, it is noisy.
The Chinese painting is straight and falling, and the last word at the end of the line is not neat with the length of the word on other lines, and the same is true for the stamp.
Two seals, one square, one round, not matchable. Homomorphic prints can be matched.
Cover two seals, one large and one small, and the card can be matched. The same size can be matched.
Two seals, one rectangular and one oval, cannot be matched. Homomorphic prints can be matched.
Cover two seals, upper yang text, lower yin text, can not be matched, . And the upper yin and lower yang can be matched.
Cover two seals, upper yang text, lower yang text, can not be matched. And the upper yin and lower yang can be matched.
Cover two seals, upper yin, lower yin, can not be matched. And the upper yin and lower yang can be matched.
Under the stamp of the falling paragraph, no more inscriptions should be made. If there are words on the top and bottom of the seal, the natural phenomenon is lost.
It is disrespectful to have already landed a stamp on the calligraphy and painting, and it is disrespectful to drop the money after the payment.
Flower heads, bird tails, branches, and mountain tops, do not fall on the stamp. This is the painter's minimum common sense, and it must not be understood.
The engraved seal of the craftsman cannot be used on calligraphy and painting, and it is necessary to use an artistic seal engraver, and the engraved stone seal is the best.
Ordinary printing, not applicable to calligraphy and painting, should be printed with eight treasures.
Cover the second seal, the distance should not be too far and too close, and the distance between one seal is just right.
The two seals, seals, chapters, and knives are different and cannot be matched. The seal should be engraved with the same knife method.
Paintings should not be inscribed with oil poems, and the works that come to the first place are ridiculed, and the works that fall on the second are degraded to vulgarity.
The upper end of the upper paragraph cannot be stamped, pressed on the head of the person, and people are very taboo. One is disrespectful, the other is to ruin the picture.
Cover the corner of the seal, not too small, rice paper open in all directions, with a square stone seal, about three centimeters, more moderate.
Cover the angle of the seal, do not cover two sides, one side is just right. The distance between the seal and the edge is about one. Five centimeters is moderate.
The falling paragraph is not stamped under the word, but should be covered around the paragraph, separated from the line, and become an extra-painting object, with special exceptions.
On the calligraphy and paintings, it is not possible to cover the big seal of the split head, that is, the giant seal bomb destroys the beautiful picture, which makes people look very terrible.
Small paintings cannot be inscribed with large characters, and large paintings cannot be inscribed with small characters. Small voids should not have many inscriptions, and large voids should not have few inscriptions.
The name print on the painting and calligraphy should not be stamped with more than three seals, but should be stamped with two seals, or one seal should be appropriate.
Calligraphy and paintings are up and down, left and right, and cannot be stamped arbitrarily. It is better to cover more than not to cover less, and the seal printing mud is not good, but it is better not to cover well.
Cover the second seal, can not be crooked from east to west, how to cover the law, the weight of the force, the seal seal mud maintenance, everything must be studied intensively, is a problem that cannot be ignored.
The painting should not be inscribed with vulgar words, which will affect the beauty of the picture, and it will not be exempt from vulgarity.
The first painting of the calligraphy quadriparts can be stamped with a small long seal on the upper right, and the rest cannot be covered, if they are all covered, the line qi will be destroyed.
Commonly used wording:
1. Title
Elders: My teacher, Dao Chief, Senior, Sir, Lady (Miss);
Peer (or younger generation): brother, brother, benevolent brother, honorable brother, elder brother, xian brother (brother), scholar brother (brother), Dao brother, Dao friend, Xueyou, Fang family, mr., miss, Dharma (known as a professional in calligraphy and painting or a certain aspect);
Closer relationship: Xue (Ren) brother, my brother (brother);
Teacher to student: Xue (Ren) Brother, Xue (Ren) Di, Xianqi, Xiandi;
Students: Senior, brother, classmate, same window, same Yan, same seat.
2. The above paragraph is a cliché or honorific
Ya Xiang, Ya Zheng, Ya Ping, Ya Jian, Ya Jiao, Ya Cun, Zhen Cun, Save, Qing Jian, Qing Lan, Qing Pin, Qing Zhi, Qing Reward, Qing Zheng, Qing He, Qing Jiao, Qing Jiao, Qing Play, Jian Zheng, Knock Zheng, Hui Zheng, Shi Zheng, Axe Zheng, Fa Zheng, Fa Jian, Bo Jian, Zun Jian, Intestinal Jian, Fa Jiao, Bo Jiao, Da Jiao, Daya, Supplementary Wall, Paste Wall, Yes, Jiao Zheng, Jiao Zheng, Cha Zheng, Please Zheng, Liang Zheng, Zheng Zheng, Zheng Zheng, Zheng Zhi, Zheng Zhi, Zheng Zhi, Zheng Zhi, Zhen Zheng, Xiao Zheng, Laughing Zheng, Teaching, right wrist, right lifting, storing thoughts, belonging to Cantonese, one cantonese, one cantonese, one laughing, laughing, laughing, laughing, laughing, belonging, jian, playing
3. The following paragraph is a cliché or honorific
Calligraphy inscriptions: reverence, worship, respectful, dunshou, edict, drunken book, drunken pen, comic pen, drama book, festival pro, book, record, inscription, pen, writing, pro, seal;
Painting inscriptions are used for: respect, honorific gift, special gift, painting blessing, writing blessing, writing blessing, writing, heading, inscription, parallel title, drama title, inscription, inscription, inscription, inscription, inscription, remembering, combining, pandering, inscription, contemplation, recording, parallel recording, praise, self-praise, self-praise, self-deprecation, handwriting, essay, ink play, diffuse painting, rate title, painting, writing, writing, respectful writing, imitation;
Seal carving edges are used: engraving, recording, making, governing stones, sealing carving.
4. Summary of the lunar tradition of the time when the calligraphy works are settled
January: Mengchun, Early Spring, Shangchun, Duanyue, Chuyang, Duanchun, Meng, Chunyang, Shouyang, Zhaochun;
February: Zhongchun, Zhongyang, Zhongzhong;
March;
April: Mengxia, Early Summer, Shouxia, Weixia, Huaixia, Yuyue, Qinghe;
May; Midsummer, Super Summer, Durian Moon, Pu Moon;
June: seasonal summer, late summer, summer, summer, lotus moon, extreme heat, and month;
July: Mengqiu, Early Autumn, Shaoqiu, New Autumn, Zhaoqiu, Chushang, Lanyue, Liangyue, Xiangyue;
August: Nakashu, Nakasho, Katsuragetsu, Sogetsu;
September: Autumn Season, Late Autumn, Late Autumn, Autumn, Shang, Shang, White, Juyue, Wing Moon, Xuan Yue, Poor Autumn;
October: Mengdong, early winter, upper winter, Yang moon, Kun moon, auspicious month, good month;
November: Middle Winter, Child Month, Satsuki, Satsuki;
December: Season winter, twilight winter, late winter, poor winter, severe winter, severe moon, Jiaping month, Wax moon, except for the moon.
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