The imperial examination system has a far-reaching influence in Chinese history, not only changing the fate of students in the cold door, but also selecting many useful talents for the country. Our current examination and selection system is also born out of the ancient examination system. However, in terms of the difficulty of the examination, the ancient examination is far more than the current public examination. If nothing else, just by looking at Fan Jinzhong's madness after lifting, you know how difficult the ancient imperial examination was. Those who won the top three in the last level of the imperial examination were named: Yuanyuan, Bangyan and Tanhua. But in ancient times, tanhua was even happier than Zhongzhuangyuan, why is this? Listen to shi jun to give everyone a slow talk.
Development of the imperial examination system
The improvement of China's imperial examination system has gone through a long process. It sprouted during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, arose in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The imperial examination of the Tang Dynasty was held every spring in Chang'an, the capital division, referred to as the "provincial examination". Test takers are mainly composed of two parts: "apprentices" and "township tribute". "Apprentices" refer to students of government-run schools, while "township tributes" are self-taught at home or in private schools, go to counties and prefectures to take exams, pass local exams, and then take exams in Beijing.
Scholars
Therefore, the "township tribute" generally participates in the local "autumn festival" in the previous year, and after passing, it can participate in the "spring festival" of the beijing division in the second year. The first place in the township tribute is called "Xie Yuan". The first place of "Chun Min" is the yuan we are familiar with. By the time of the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was reformed. In addition to dividing the jinshi into three grades, the imperial examination is also divided into three levels. The first name of the prefecture and county examination is "Xie Yuan", the first name of the central provincial test is "Provincial Yuan", and the first place in the temple test can be called "Yuan". The ancient "Lianzhong Sanyuan" refers to getting the first place in the three-level examination, which is very difficult.
Examination candidates
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examination system became more complicated and divided into five grades. The lowest level is called "child test", and those who pass the test are called "child students". Don't think that "children" are all children participating, and there are many people who participate in the child exam in their thirties and forties, and there is no age limit. This exam is only intended to assess whether the student has basic cultural knowledge and writing skills.
Ming and Qing dynasty candidates
Above the child examination is the "college examination", which is mainly held in the provincial and state colleges. The "college examination" is divided into two kinds, one is the "year test", that is, the "entrance" examination for children held every year, and after passing, they are officially "student members", that is, Xiucai. The other is the "subject test", that is, a thorough examination for formal students, after which they can participate in the next level of the examination. Before Fan Jinzhongju, he had just passed the "science test".
After passing the college examination, you can take the township examination every three years. The first name of the township examination is "Xie Yuan", and other lifters also have the identity of lifting people and can become officials. At this time, the local magnates will come to you, the county order will call you a brother, and the relatives and neighbors will also be attached to you, and truly step into the privileged class with one foot. After the township examination, the next year, you can go to the capital to participate in the "meeting examination" presided over by the Ministry of Etiquette, and those who pass the examination are called "Gongshi" and the first is called "Member".
Exam levels
A month after the end of the "examination", the imperial court will organize the palace examination, and the emperor himself will serve as the examiner. As long as the people who enter the palace examination are usually absorbed into the bureaucracy by the imperial court, the only difference is the difference in ranking. Among them, there are three people in the first division, divided into: Yuanyuan, Bangyan and Tanhua, counting jinshi and the first. A number of second-class people, counted as a soldier. A number of people in the third rank are counted as the same as the jinshi.
Why do you prefer Tanhua?
It is said that the zhuangyuan is the most popular, why are the ancients happier than the yuan? It turned out that there was an unwritten rule in ancient times, that is, the default Tanhua was the most beautiful person among all the jinshi. During the Tang Dynasty, Tanhua was not the third person among the Jinshi. After entering the priesthood and the first, there are usually grand celebrations, and one of the events is the "Flower Exploration Feast" held in the apricot forest.
Tanhua Li Xunhuan
Before the flower exploration feast begins, the youngest and most handsome person will be selected from the same list of jinshi to serve as flower exploration envoys, travel through the famous garden, pick flowers along the way, and give poems in Qionglin Garden, greeting the champions with flowers. Although the final protagonist is Yuanyuan, the two tanhuas have also become the most eye-catching green leaves. The Tang Dynasty had a tradition of "catching a son-in-law under the list", and Tanhualang, who was both talented and beautiful, became the darling of the princely generals and rich merchants and nobles. Therefore, sometimes the middle flower is more popular than the middle element.
Tanhua specifically refers to the third person among the Jinshi, which is generally believed to have been established in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty officially formed a custom. But at this time, the exploration of flowers has nothing to do with the appearance value. Even if you look like Zhong Kui, as long as you are only eight buckets tall, the emperor appreciates you, and you can also be a tanhua. And Tanhua is not necessarily worse than the yuan, but because of various factors, it is slightly inferior to the yuan in the ranking.
Champion
For example, in the twenty-second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, Sun Yuegong was originally formulated by the Ministry of Rites as the first of the first, but Ming Chengzu Zhu Di thought that "Yue Gong" together was the word "violent", and his heart was very unhappy, not as good as the name "Punishment Leniency". Therefore, the punishment leniency became the first in the first division and became the champion, while Sun Yuegong could only be relegated to the third place and became the eye of the list. Can you say that Sun Yuegong is worse than the punishment? Therefore, the ranking of the top three has a lot of other factors, not just the quality of the results.