As we all know, the ancients did not believe in the things of ghosts and gods. For example, Confucius is the most famous representative, and the Analects says, "The righteousness of the people, the worship of ghosts and gods and the distance, can be described as knowledge." ”
This means that a wise man should do things to benefit the people and stay away from the saying of ghosts and gods. It can be seen that in Confucius's heart, if a person firmly believes in ghosts and gods, he cannot be called "knowing".
There is also a dialogue in the Analects that can also reflect Confucius's attitude toward ghosts and gods. The original text is as follows: Ji Luzi asked about the ghost god, and the son said: "If you can't do anything to people, can you do things to ghosts?" ”
"Dare to ask death?" ”
"Unknown life, unknown death?" ”
It can be seen that Confucius did not believe in ghosts and gods. Ancient China was a core value of Confucianism, so the ancients did not advocate the matter of ghosts and gods, so it is difficult for us to see the records of ghosts and gods in the history. Of course, the records and legends of the events of ghosts and gods in the past are many in the history of barnyard officials and wild people, but there are few records in the main history. But there are also some records, such as the following two, which are exactly recorded in the main history, and both people were frightened by ghosts and finally died.
The first is Ruan Zhan, who does not believe in ghosts and is scared to death by ghosts.
Ruan Zhan was the son of Ruan Xian, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" during the Wei and Jin dynasties. It is estimated that the son inherited his father's business, his father was a thinker, and Ruan Zhan was also a thinker, but he was a thinker who was incompatible with the mainstream thought at that time. At that time, the mainstream thinking believed in ghosts and gods, but he did not take the usual path, did not believe in any ghosts and gods, and completely regarded himself as an atheist.
Ruan Zhan still has a famous mouth cannon, very good at debate, about the ghost god, at that time no one could refute him, so Ruan Zhan often thought that this godless theory could distinguish between life and death. Although Ruan Zhan's talent is unmatched, there are always times when he encounters opponents.
One day, a guest visited, and after the two of them finished greeting each other, they began to chat about the study of nouns and reasons. This guest is also very eloquent, and on many issues none of them can convince anyone, and they are on an equal footing. As a result, while chatting, the two people did not know how to talk about ghosts and gods.
Ruan Zhan of course insisted on the theory of no ghosts, and the guests insisted on having a "ghost" theory, and anyway, the two repeatedly debated fiercely. Finally, the guest was poor in words and said angrily: "The matter of ghosts and gods has been said by the sages throughout the ages, and many texts have clearly recorded it, so how can you insist that there is no such thing as one person?" Like I'm a ghost. ”
As soon as he finished speaking, he pounced forward and became an alien, a strange shape, very scary, and as soon as he turned around, he disappeared without a trace, and it turned out that he was a ghost. As a result, Nguyen Trịnh was horrified, frightened on the spot, and died in less than a year, only thirty years old.
This event is recorded in detail in the "Book of Jin, The Biography of Nguyen Trịnh", which is an absolute history. The original text is as follows:
Ruan Zhan, a thousand words, is a supreme no-ghost theory, and no one can argue with him. One day, suddenly a guest came to visit, and after greeting, he talked about the name. The guests are very talented. Ruan Zhan talked with him for a long time, talking about the matter of ghosts and gods, the two began to debate, and finally the guests could not argue with him, so they said angrily: "Ghosts and gods, ancient and modern sages have been passed down together, why should the king say nothing?" I am a ghost! "Then he became an alien, and he was destroyed." Ruan Zhan was silent, and his intention was great. After years, he died of illness.
The second was Sima Yi, who was forced to die loyally and was killed by a powerful ghost.
Sima Yi is a person we are very familiar with, he is the biggest winner in the Three Kingdoms period, the reason why he can win is entirely because he can endure, and he is cold and cruel, and some people rumor that he is a wolf Gu Xiang. Wolf Gu Zhi xiang refers to the ability of the head to rotate 180 degrees without moving the shoulders
The Book of Jin and Emperor Xuan records that Emperor Wucha of Wei had heroic ambitions and heard of wolves. Want to test it. He summons the messenger forward, to turn his back, to face backwards and not to move. And he tasted the dream of three horses eating the same trough, very evil. Because it is said that the prince Pi Yue: Sima Yi is not a human subject, and he will predict the family affairs.
It can be seen that Sima Yi himself is very scary, but Sima Yi was finally frightened by the ghost and cried out for his life. The story goes like this, Sima Yi finally seized the opportunity to kill Cao Shuang, the cao family, and took Cao Wei's jiangshan.
Jiang Shan changed his surname, which made Cao Wei's old minister Wang Ling unable to look down. Wang Ling was a General of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and the nephew of Wang Yun of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He saw that Emperor Cao Fang was young and subject to Sima Yi's dictatorship, and that Cao Wei was in a precarious situation, so he wanted to establish Cao Biao, the king of Chu, who was already an adult and wise and courageous, as emperor.
So he began to plan, but the secrecy work was not done well, and he was denounced, so Sima Yi personally led a large army to requisition. In order to take down Wang Ling as soon as possible, Sima Yi played the trick he was best at, that is, seduction. While leading the army to advance, he issued a pardon to pardon Wang Ling's crimes, and wrote a letter to Wang Ling in the name of a friend, asking Wang Ling to come to see him.
As a result, Wang Ling was deceived, and when he took a boat to meet Sima Yi, he was easily captured by Sima Yi and then escorted to Luoyang.
When he walked to this place in Xiangcheng, Wang Ling saw the Jia Kui Ancestral Hall by the river. Jia Kui was a great minister of Cao Wei, a third meritorious warrior, and one of the eight gentlemen of Wei and Jin.
Therefore, when Wang Ling saw Jia Kui's ancestral hall, he shouted emotionally: "Brother Jia Kui's spirit is on top, and my Wang Ling is a loyal vassal of the Great Wei Kingdom!" Only you in the whole world know about the Spirit of Heaven! "After drinking poison, he committed suicide."
Coincidentally, in August of that year, Sima Yi dreamed in his sleep that Wang Ling and Jia Kui had turned into powerful ghosts, extremely terrible appearances, and when he woke up, he fell ill and died that month.
The above are the two people recorded in the main history who were frightened by ghosts and then died. The question is, have there really been ghosts in history?
Friends, welcome to pay attention!