The revolutionary story of Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen
In modern times, people believe that the biggest contributor to the anti-Qing revolution is Mr. Sun Wen, and from the perspective of the anti-Qing process, the Sun Wen Revolution was indeed the earliest to start, the longest time to carry out activities, and the entire anti-Qing campaign, and was the main force in the stage of the old democratic revolution. In 1894, Sun Yat-sen founded the Xingzhong Association, the first democratic revolutionary group in modern China, and began organized anti-Qing activities.
However, this did not negate the existence of other revolutionary groups, and when Mr. Sun Wen established the League in Tokyo in 1905, it was not the Xingzhong Association itself that was transformed and upgraded, but the huaxing association and the Guangfu association, which were also anti-Qing.
That's why it's called the League, not the others.
If we divide it by region, the main activities of the Xingzhong Association are in the Liangguang area, with Sun Wen, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, and others as the main leaders, while the main activities of the Central China Association are in the Hunan region, with Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, and others as the leaders, and the main activities of the Guangfuhui are in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, with Tao Chengzhang and others as the leaders.
Sun Wen was able to draw these people together to form an alliance, it was indeed very powerful, but it was not easy to integrate together, there was a huge difference in revolutionary ideas between the two sides, only two years after the establishment of the Alliance, in 1907, because Sun Wen bypassed the Alliance and collected Japanese donations and caused a split, first the Guangfu Association as a whole withdrew, and then Sun Wen led the comrades of the Xingzhong Association to set up a separate headquarters in Nanyang.
At this time, the revolutionary friendship between Huang Xing and Sun Wen was revealed, and Huang Xing did not carry out the revolution with Song Jiaoren, but followed Sun Wen to Nanyang to carry out the revolution, thus setting off a vigorous anti-Qing revolution story.
Sun Wen supported the league under the leadership of Huang Xing to oppose Qing activities
Huang Xing, as a Hunan native, put aside his regional prejudices and followed Sun Wen, which is really a commendable thing.
The most commendable thing is that Huang Xing has always been on the front line of the revolution, and it is not too much to compare Huang Xing to the vanguard fighter of the League.
Huang Xing's partner with Sun Wen was that Sun Wen was responsible for overseas fundraising, while Huang Xing was responsible for adding blood to the sword and directing the revolution at the forefront, from 1907 to 1911, Huang Xing successively participated in the command of the Qinzhou and Chengfang Uprisings, the Zhennanguan Uprising, the Qinzhou, Lianzhou, and Shangsi Uprisings, the Guangzhou New Army Uprising, the Huanghuagang Uprising, and so on.
Every revolution has been so vigorous, and every result has been so tragic.
Watching a movie in the previous paragraph, telling about the Huanghuagang uprising, I was tearful to see, the revolution is really not easy, fortunately, our revolutionary athlete Mr. Huang Xing, although the command of the uprising failed so many times, there was no sacrifice, it is not easy.
As for why the Huangxing Revolution failed, mainly limited to the region, Sun Wen always insisted on launching an anti-Qing uprising from Liangguang, and then followed Hong Xiuquan's anti-Qing route to the north (Sun Wen claimed that Hong Xiuquan was second in his youth).
Compared with the revolution promoted by Sun Wen and Huang Xing in Liangguang, Song Jiaoren, who was originally a Huaxing Society, insisted on carrying out revolution in the Yangtze River Valley, and from this point of view, in fact, the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising was by no means accidental, and it was inseparable from the command of the central headquarters of the League.
At that time, the Hubei New Army was inexperienced before the uprising, and also invited the League to lead it, and as a result, the Alliance thought that the time for the Wuchang Uprising was not ripe, did not give strong support, Huang Xing was also very slow, and finally the Wuchang Uprising broke out in advance, and Huang Xing had the only chance to change his image of repeated defeats.
Huang Xing after the Xinhai Revolution
The Wuchang Uprising broke out on October 10, Huang Xing did not rush to Wuhan until the 28th, as the wartime commander-in-chief of the revolutionary army, has been fighting against the Qing army on the front line, when the Nanjing Provisional Government was not established, everyone promoted Huang Xing as the grand marshal, the result was opposed by Li Yuanhong, and finally served as a deputy marshal.
After the establishment of the provisional government, Huang Xing served as the chief of the army, yuan shikai became the president after the peace talks between the north and the south, and Huang Xing was marginalized and became the chief of staff without real power.
After the outbreak of the Song Jiaoren case, Sun Yat-sen decided to set off a second revolution, when Huang Xing believed that the southern provinces were not unified within themselves, the army was weak, and he lacked confidence in yuan, and advocated a legal solution.
At Sun Yat-sen's insistence, Huang Xing was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army in Jiangsu.
Not long after the outbreak of the second revolution, the Hunan Armory in the rear of Nanjing's Yuan army was set on fire by Yuan Shikai's spies, and the armaments were not supported, and the solidarity was severed.
Huang Xing saw that the general trend had gone, so he had to leave Nanjing on the 29th by a Japanese coal ship and go into exile in Japan.
Why Huang Xing parted ways with Sun Yat-sen
After the failure of the second revolution, revolutionaries opposed to Yuan Shikai came to Japan one after another, where the alliance would start, Sun Wen believed that the reason for the failure of the second revolution was the dispersion of the revolutionary party, many people did not obey his command (alluding to Huang Xing's suspicion), and eventually led to the failure of the revolution, for this reason, Sun Wen decided to establish the Chinese Revolutionary Party to strengthen the building of the revolutionary party.
This Chinese Revolutionary Party requires that when members join the Party, they must be held in accordance with their fingerprints and swear allegiance to the party leader Sun Wen, especially the stipulation that no matter how old they are, they must go through this procedure.
This scene is a bit like when Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming Dynasty as emperor, and his first general Liu Zongmin said at that time: "I am a ringing horse with him (Zicheng), why worship him."
The difference between Sun Wen and Li Zicheng is that at least at that time, Li Zicheng was successful, while Sun Wen was a failure, so Huang Xing refused to join, and the two eventually broke up.
After breaking away from the Chinese Revolutionary Party, Huang Xing arrived in the United States to continue his campaign against Yuan Shikai, and also raised funds to support the domestic anti-Yuan struggle.
Yuan Shikai declared himself empress, Cai Yi wrote to Huang Xing, hoping that Huang Xing could assist the revolution, when Cai Yi launched the Patriotic War, Huang Xing also actively ran, after Yuan Shikai's death, Huang Xing returned to Shanghai, and died in Shanghai in 1916 due to rupture of the esophagus and gastric vein flexion and bleeding.