By the end of the late Qing Dynasty, Chinese society had reached the point of collapse, with internal officials doing nothing and corruption rampant. Externally, it was constantly invaded by the Western powers, the people suffered unspeakably, and the land of China was eroded. Coupled with the rampant warlords at that time, the order of the old society was about to collapse, and it was time for China to change. Sun Yat-sen gathered a group of like-minded people, the Republic of China was born, and the process of China's foreign modernization also began to take off slowly.
Huang xing
Today we want to talk about an important figure who founded the Republic of China - Huang Xing. Huang Xingzi Keqiang, a modern democratic revolutionary, one of the founders of the Republic of China, and the first confidant of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. A native of Gaotang Township, Shanhua County, Changsha Province, Hunan Province (present-day Liangtang, Huangxing Township, Changsha County).
Huang Xing was a pioneer and leader during the Xinhai Revolution, and was famous for his character Keqiang, and people often used "Sun Huang" to refer to him and Sun Yat-sen, which also shows his influence.
On October 25, 1874, Huang Xing was born in a gentry family in Gaotang Township, Shanhua County, Changsha Province. His father, Huang Xiaocun, was a late Qing Dynasty Xiucai, and his mother, Luo Shi, was born into a famous family. Among the two men and four women, Huang Xing is the youngest. Huang Xing has hated Baduwen since childhood, and Kao Keju is only to comfort his parents. On the contrary, Huang Xing was particularly fond of martial arts, and once studied WujiaQuan with a teacher, although he was not a thousand enemies, idle people could not enter the body. He himself said: "Asahi books, twilight books, carving insects and insects to carve nonsense?" The pen is a big husband! ”
Under the recommendation of Zhang Zhidong, Huang Xing entered Wuchang Lianghu Academy at the age of 24 and began to identify with the Restoration Movement and accept the idea of changing the law. During this time, he was greatly appreciated by dean Liang Dingfen and had a strong personal friendship. After the Wuchang Uprising, Huang Xing advised his teacher to join him in the revolution, and Liang Dingfen sighed: "The soldiers have their own aspirations, and Yu no longer bothers to say words." From then on, the son is the revolutionary party of the son, and the remaining are the great Qing ministers, and each of them does his own thing. ”
After graduating, Huang Xing went to the Normal Department of Hirobun Gakuin in Tokyo in 1902 to study, and founded the "TravelIng Scholar Translation". After returning to China in May of the following year, he befriended Song Jiaoren, Zhang Shizhao and others. However, because of his revolutionary speech, he was expelled from Hubei by order of Liang Dingfen, the prefect of Wuchang Province and the head of the Two Lakes Academy.
Before leaving, Huang Xing distributed more than 4,000 copies of "Revolutionary Army" and "Turning Back" with him to all sectors of society, laying the seeds of revolution. Huang Xing returned to Xiangxiang and immediately established the Japanese language school "Dongwen Training Institute" and continued to reprint a large number of revolutionary books. It can be said that these actions of his also paved the way for the arrival of the revolutionary wave.
Huang Xing et al
On November 3, 1903, in the name of his birthday, Huang Xing invited 12 people, including Liu Yiyi, Zhang Shizhao, Song Jiaoren, Hu Ying, Zhang Ji, etc., to gather near Pozi Street in Changsha, and established Huaxing Company in the name of establishing mining, with the slogan: "One heart is full, count clearly in person."
Of course, the tide of revolution will not stop, and it can be said that the spark can ignite the plains. On February 15 of the following year, under the decision of the people, the Huaxing Association was established in changsha's West Garden, and Huang Xing was elected as the president. He also took "expelling the Tartars and restoring China" as its aim.
After repeated deliberations among the members, it was decided to start an incident on the day of Cixi's seventieth birthday. Huang Xing sold more than 300 mu of his own land, bought 500 long guns, 200 short guns, and a large amount of explosives, and prepared to kill the Civil and Military Officials of Hunan Province who participated in the celebration. Unexpectedly, the traitors leaked secrets, and they had to go into exile in Japan.
In July 1905, Sun Yat-sen traveled from Nanyang to Tokyo. Sun Yat-sen wanted to pull Yang Du into the revolutionary party, but Yang Du did not agree to him, but Yang Du recommended Huang Xing to Sun Yat-sen, believing that the two of them had similar ideas, and perhaps combined together would have better results. Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen also had an intersection, and the two also began to work together.
With the strong support of the Huaxing Association, on August 20, the Chinese League Association was officially established in Tokyo, and Huang Xing proposed: "Mr. Sun Yat-sen is elected as the premier of the Association, and there is no need to go through the election procedures." From then on, Sun Yat-sen was the spiritual leader, and Huang Xing was responsible for developing revolutionaries and organizing armed uprisings everywhere.
After the defeat of the Huanghuagang Uprising, the League did not collapse. They waited for the Wuchang Uprising, and on October 28, 1911, Huang Xing arrived in Hankou and commanded the operation as the wartime commander-in-chief. After losing Hankou after a bitter battle, he advocated a switch to attacking Nanjing, but the local revolutionaries opposed him, so he resigned and went to Shanghai.
Soon, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Nanjing were restored. On December 4, Song Jiaoren, Chen Qimei and other provincial deputies voted to decide that Sun Yat-sen would return to China to preside over the major government. On January 1, 1912, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing was established, and Huang Xing was appointed as the chief of the army and the chief of staff.
Later, when the Qing government collapsed, Yuan Shikai again engaged in dictatorship, and he was also a revenant and a successor emperor. Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, out of anger, launched the "Second Revolution". However, the campaign failed, and Huang Xing went into exile in Japan again.
In June 1916, after Yuan Shikai's death, Huang Xing also became ill with overwork and was hospitalized for stomach bleeding, and died in Shanghai on October 31 at the age of 42. Sun Yat-sen personally presided over the funeral and buried his country at the foot of The Foothills of Yuelu in Changsha the following year. The Changsha government also renamed the original Pozi Street "Huangxing Road". Zhang Taiyan once wrote down the elegy: "If there is no justice, there is no Republic of China, and there must be Slovak people in history." ”
Huangxing Road
Huang Xing's revolutionary road is also over at this point, which is inevitable to make people regret, if his partner Song Jiaoren did not have an accident, then I think the development of the Republic of China may have another world!