In 1913, after the "Second Revolution" launched by Sun Yat-sen was defeated by Yuan Shikai, Sun and Huang fled east to Japan again.
After arriving in Japan, Sun Yat-sen, after a thorough reflection on his previous failures, concluded:
The reason why the "second revolution" failed was that the Kuomintang's party organization was not strong enough, scattered, and difficult to carry out government decrees.
Based on this reflective understanding, Sun Yat-sen decided to restart the stove, abolish the Kuomintang, and rebuild a new party.
In the spring of 1914, Sun Yat-sen personally decided that the name of the Chinese Revolutionary Party began to be formally established.
Huang Xing, on the other hand, insisted that it was only necessary to reorganize and rebuild the Kuomintang, and that there was no need to rebuild the new party.
Sun and Huang had their own opinions on this, and eventually their political views were not in harmony, they parted ways, and Huang Xing fled the United States.
So, what kind of organization is this Chinese Revolutionary Party that can make Huang Xing not hesitate to break up with Sun Yat-sen?
According to Sun Yat-sen's vision, the Chinese Revolutionary Party was such an organization:
The purpose of the Chinese Revolutionary Party: civil rights and people's livelihood.
Compared with the well-known "Three People's Principles", Sun Yat-sen abandoned the original "nationalism", and after the Xinhai Revolution forced the Manchu Qing to abdicate, the original nationalist target of "expelling the Tartars" no longer existed, and the concept of the Chinese nation has taken shape.
If we emphasize "nationalism" again, the spearhead can only be directed at the non-Chinese powers, and it is obviously inappropriate to mention such a slogan in Japan.
The Constitution of the Chinese Revolutionary Party stipulates as follows:
In the future the whole of the revolutionary government established until the promulgation of the Constitution
During the revolutionary period, all state power was owned by members of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and all non-party members were not citizens.
Even members of the Chinese Revolutionary Party must be divided into the following three classes according to the order of their time of joining the Party, and enjoy different political rights:
First-class Party members are the first righteous party members: refers to all those who joined the party before the outbreak of the "three revolutions".
During the revolutionary period, he was a founding citizen and enjoyed all the priority of participating in politics and ruling the country.
Second-class Party members to assist Party members: refers to all those who joined the Party before the establishment of the revolutionary government after the outbreak of the "Three Revolutions".
During the revolutionary period, he was a meritorious citizen and enjoyed the right to choose and to be selected.
Third-class Party members are ordinary Party members: refers to all those who joined the Party after the establishment of the revolutionary government.
During the revolutionary period, the status was an advanced citizen, with only the right to vote, not the right to be elected.
Sun Yat-sen's practice of dividing party members into three, six, and nine by the criterion of joining the party was strongly opposed by Huang Xing, who believed:
What is the difference between dividing party members into different ranks and "calling for power" and Yuan Shikai's practice of summoning officials with money and official positions?
If the revolution is only for the purpose of building such a society, then the revolution has departed from its original purpose. In addition to these, what makes Huang Xing even more difficult to accept is the oath of joining the party and the fingerprinting ceremony.
Sun Yat-sen stipulated in the Party Constitution that the oath of party members to join the party is:
-- Willing to sacrifice one's own life, freedom, and rights, and follow Mr. Sun to raise another revolution.
In this way, the Chinese Revolutionary Party became a private organization of Sun Yat-sen, rather than a modern party organization in the true sense of the word.
In addition to such an oath, the party constitution also stipulates that every party member who joins the party must press his fingerprints on the oath and says:
- Keep this covenant forever, and never die, and if you have two hearts, you will be willing to be punished with capital punishment.
Huang Xing believes that the proclamation of such an oath and the pressing of such a fingerprint are really insulting to the personality of party members.
This approach was also strongly disliked by other members of the Old League, and Hu Hanmin later proposed a compromise plan:
- Change the "attached to Mr. Sun" in the oath to "attached to the prime minister", and the members of the Old League can be exempted from fingerprints.
But even such a plan was rejected by Sun Yat-sen.
When Huang Xing saw that Sun Yat-sen was bent on building such a Chinese revolutionary party, he resolutely refused to join the party.
The two fell out completely.
On May 29, 1914, Sun Yat-sen wrote a letter to Huang Xing, counting his various dissatisfactions with Huang Xing, and finally making this request to Huang Xing:
You may not join my Chinese Revolutionary Party, but please do not interfere with my revolutionary cause.
The original text of the letter reads:
----------------- Those who ask the brother to solve a very important matter, then hope to forbid the brother's close subordinates, and never say to outsiders from now on, 'The Chinese military circles are listening to Mr. Huang's orders, not listening to Sun Wen's orders, and Sun Wen's leaders are only a group of ignorant teenagers and outlaws who have no food'!
- The future brother (sun Yat-sen claimed to be) wants to be the real party leader, not the fake party leader.
Sun Yat-sen's implication is obvious:
For so many years, Sun Yat-sen has always been a "fake party leader", and you Huang Xing are the "real party leader"!
On June 27, Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen said goodbye in Japan and went to the United States.
On the occasion of parting, Sun Yat-sen sent Huang Xing these two sentences:
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For Huang Xing, although Sun Yat-sen is not in line with his political views, he still has a deep sense of dependence in his heart.
On July 8, the Chinese Revolutionary Party was officially established in Tokyo, with Sun Yat-sen as prime minister.
Premier Sun, especially under the premier, specially set up an assistant position for Huang Xing, who refused to join the party.
But until July 1916, when the Chinese Revolutionary Party announced the cessation of all party affairs, this high position below one person and above ten thousand people could not stay in its master, Huang Xing.
In fact, Huang Xing never wanted to be a true party leader, and if he had to find a real party leader outside of Sun Yat-sen, it could only be Song Jiaoren, who was assassinated in March 1913.