"The world calls Sun and Huang the founding two masters, and Ke Qiangcheng deserves it." - Feng Free
Sun's ideal, Huang's practice. The success of the Xinhai Revolution was inseparable from the contributions of Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing. They were both comrades-in-arms of the revolution and spiritual partners, but they also gave birth to two very different political ideas on the road of revolution. Just after the success of the Xinhai Revolution, the two suddenly parted ways and continued to struggle for their respective revolutionary ideas, until Huang Xing's death, Sun and Huang broke the ice and reconciled. Why did Huang Xing abandon his grandson? What did Huang Xing do after he left?
01 Participated in the uprising to save the country
Huang Xing, a native of Hunan, was born in a landlord family in the late Qing Dynasty, came from a privileged family, received traditional Confucian education from an early age, and had a patriotic and national salvation heart. After studying in Japan at the public expense of the Qing court, during which time, he came into contact with the ideas of the new democratic revolution and formed a deep revolutionary friendship with Sun Yat-sen, who realized that only revolution could save the country. After returning to China, Huang Xing actively devoted himself to the cause of the democratic revolution. He ran throughout the country, plotted counter-revolutionaries, and organized many armed uprisings.
Huang Xing's revolutionary thinking carried a strong sense of personal patriotism, did not value personal fame and fortune, and paid attention to military practice. Sun Yat-sen received western capitalist ideological education from an early age and paid attention to spiritual missionary education. Huang Xing has always had a heart of admiration and respect for Sun Yat-sen, and during the Wuchang Uprising, Huang Xing organized an armed uprising at home.
Sun Yat-sen conducted ideological lobbying abroad, and Huang Xing took the initiative to elect Sun Yat-sen as prime minister, and proposed that there was no need to vote for election. After the victory of the revolution, he resigned as marshal of the Provisional Government of Nanjing. Huang Xing's spirit of hard work has been brought to the extreme.
However, the fruits of victory in the Xinhai Revolution were stolen by Yuan Shikai, and the pattern was reshuffled.
02 The fruits of the revolution were stolen, and political ideas ran differently
After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Yuan Shikai became the Provisional President of the Republic of China. Yuan Shikai was good at winning people's hearts and minds, bribing officials with money, excluding dissidents, controlling the army, and thinking of restoring the feudal monarchy. Seeing the fruits of the revolution deteriorate, Sun Yat-sen decided to go on a crusade against Yuan Shikai, while Huang Xing advocated a legal solution.
Huang Xing had a wealth of experience in leading the uprising, he understood the current situation, Yuan Shikai took control of the army, and bribed a large number of officials, and the revolutionary party had no chance of winning against Yuan. Sun Yat-sen insisted on the crusade, and in the end Huang Xing compromised and served as the leader of the "second revolution", but unfortunately, the revolution ended in failure.
After the defeat of the revolution, Sun and Huang fled to Japan, and the real differences occurred at the summary meeting of the defeat of the revolution. Sun Yat-sen accused Huang Xing of being hesitant to use his troops, resulting in missing the best fighter plane; coupled with the lack of ideological and loyal loyalty of the revolutionary party personnel, he was used by Yuan Shikai to bribe. Sun Yat-sen believed that those who joined the revolutionary party must follow the example and swore allegiance to Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
And Huang Xing believes that the ideal of revolution is to pursue democratic revolution, and what is the difference between swearing an oath according to the fingerprint and "dictatorship"? This violated the original revolutionary ideals, and Huang Xing sternly refused to join such a revolutionary party and abandoned Sun to go to the United States.
The difference in political ideas led Huang Xing, a close friend of the revolution, to abandon his grandson, but it had nothing to do with the character of the two, after all, the ideological enlightenment that the two of them had been exposed to since childhood was different, and the number of roads at the beginning of the revolutionary uprising was different. Huang Xing, who left, did not denigrate or complain about Sun Yat-sen, but still regarded Sun as his leader.
At this time, Huang Xing was powerless to change the situation of ideological division within the revolutionary party, nor could he persuade Sun Yat-sen, let alone stand up to Sun Yat-sen, and their common enemy Yuan Shikai was still plotting to become emperor.
In fact, as early as the early stage of the victory of the revolution, Sun and Huang already had many contradictions. Sun Yat-sen advocated the use of the "Blue Sky and White Sun Flag" for the national flag, while Huang Xing advocated the "Tic-Tac-toe Flag", symbolizing democratic socialism. Under the stalemate, in the end, Huang Xing gave in and explained the original commission: the name does not have to be self-made, the merit does not have to be self-established, why argue with Mr. for a banner?
03The European Affairs Research Association was established to shake hands and make peace for the revolution
Huang Xing did not form gangs within the Revolutionary Democratic Party and opposed the cult of personality. But his departure caused a wave of turmoil within the revolutionary party, and many revolutionaries who supported Huang Xing's ideas chose to follow Huang Xing to the United States. They established another revolutionary party organization in the United States, the European Affairs Research Association, and formed an organization that was strong enough to oppose the revolutionary party, and elected Huang Xing as their spiritual leader.
The members of the European Affairs Research Society hoped to compete with Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary party and eventually become the only one. Huang Xing clearly realized that european affairs research would have this strength, but this situation would only repeat the mistakes of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and would not be of any benefit to the revolution to save the country. Subsequently, Huang Xing led the European Affairs Research Association to engage in propaganda activities against Yuan Shikai in the United States.
Huang Xing's revolutionary ideas had a far-reaching influence on the wealthy Chinese circles at that time. On the one hand, he declared that he was separated from Sun Yat-sen, not to be unique and to confront Sun, and the leader was only Mr. Sun. He led the European Affairs Research Association's propaganda and fundraising activities in the United States, mainly to let the world clearly understand the current situation in China, and even more at the behest of Mr. Sun to convey his democratic ideas.
It can be seen that Huang Xing is a leader with a strong sense of principle. If he really confronted Sun Yat-sen, with his strength and influence, he would not necessarily fail. As early as the founding of the League, Huang Xing successfully organized uprisings, propagated revolutionary ideas, and raised funds on many occasions. His practical ability is implemented to the ultimate goal. The most important thing on the road of revolution is to unite as one in order to jointly strike at the enemy.
As the domestic situation became more and more tense, Yuan Shikai's ambition to plot to restore the imperial system was well known, and the Huang Xing and European Affairs Research Associations in the United States knew that the time was ripe, and they decided to return to China and unite with Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary party to jointly resist Yuan Shikai. Finally, Sun And Huang, who had been separated for many years, once again shook hands and made peace because of a common goal.
Unfortunately, Huang Xing's body has left many roots of illness due to years of running, and he fell ill not long after returning to China, when many rich businessmen donated to the revolutionary party because of Huang Xing's prestige, and Huang Xing's life was dedicated to the revolutionary cause. After Huang Xing's death, Dr. Sun Yat-sen personally presided over the funeral, and the revolutionary cause still needs to continue to move forward.
Huang Xing has always vigorously defended Sun Yat-sen and regarded Sun Yat-sen as his leader, and even if his political ideas are different, he has no intention of rebellion. With the deepening of the differences between the two, Huang Xing has no other choice but to leave, otherwise, it will only escalate the contradictions and affect the overall situation of the revolution.
He had his own revolutionary ideals and adhered to his principles. He is also a clear-sighted person who takes into account the overall situation, as long as the time is ripe, for the common goal, he can still fight side by side. Huang Xing's life was bright and upright, but how many leaders could do this in the revolutionary period?