The occupation of the northeast is a prerequisite for our party's victory, and it is precisely because of the large rear area of the northeast that the war of liberation can proceed smoothly.
Throughout the period of the Liberation War, the northeast became an important base area of our party, providing a large amount of manpower and material resources, and it was a famous grain producing area in the country.
During the period of Japanese and puppet rule, this was the only modern industrial zone in China, with a complete steel, coal, power generation, petroleum, automobiles, aircraft, tanks, arms, chemicals and other heavy industries and arms industries, formed
Complete industrial system
。
By occupying this place, there will be a stable strategic base area and sufficient weapons and equipment, otherwise there will be no spectacular scene of ten thousand guns firing at the same time during the Pingjin Campaign.
The three major battles were completely reversed
Our army has always been
Mode of warfare
, began a new mode of large corps combat.
It can be seen from this that the importance of first acquiring this base area is for our Party. And those who acquired this base area
The biggest contributors should be Huang Kecheng and Zeng Kelin
, one of the two men first proposed to go out of the northeast of the customs, and the other sent troops to the northeast first...
It was Huang Kecheng who proposed to leave the customs first, but it was Zeng Kelin who got out of the customs first, and it was Zeng Kelin who went out first and got a lot of weapons and equipment, which strengthened the determination of the central authorities.
Zeng Kelin, the first to get out of the customs
Born in 1913 in Xingguo County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Zeng Kelin joined the Red Army in 1929 and the Communist Party in 1931. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the commander of the 16th Military Subdistrict of the Jireliao Military Region.
On August 16, 1945, Zeng Kelin led 4,000 people to Shenyang, their march was not very smooth, on the way encountered several heavy rains and Attacks by Japanese puppet troops, but they overcame all kinds of difficulties, and finally arrived at Suikou on the 28th, and soon did not hear that a detachment of a pair of Soviet troops was coming, everyone was very happy after hearing about it, and immediately prepared to meet it.
On the 30th, when the Soviet army came by car, Zeng Klin immediately ordered the welcome and the military band to play the welcome song, however, after shouting slogans for half a day, the Soviet army did not react at all, and looked at these troops dressed like Japanese miscellaneous cards or local bandits, and they were extra vigilant.
The commissar said that he was the Eighth Route Army, and the Communist Party welcomed their arrival! However, the Soviet army still looked at this group of people warily, and Zeng Kelin was in a hurry, pointing to the five-pointed star on his left arm and the sickle hammer pattern on his right arm, and said: "
The Communist Party, Chairman Mao's Red Army!
”
Only then did the Soviets understand who were in front of them, and turned to their subordinates and shouted, "Mao Zedong! Mao Zedong! The Soviets came down, so the two sides came to a warm hug, and Zengklin also led the soldiers to shout: "Long live Stalin!" ”
With the Soviet army, Zeng Kelin and others were even more courageous, and together with the Soviet army, they started the idea of Shanhaiguan.
Zeng Kelin and others sent the ultimatum demanding Japan's surrender to Shanhaiguan, but the Japanese army did not buy it, did not take the miscellaneous army in front of them seriously, and said: Shanhaiguan has returned to the Nationalist army to receive it, and your army wants to enter the city, so we must ask for instructions.
The Soviet army also came forward to persuade, but the Japanese army returned to still ask for instructions, so ignoring big brother, how could big brother not be angry, so the Soviet army was annoyed, and directly surrendered within half an hour.
As soon as the time passed, the Chinese and Soviet armies launched an attack in three ways under the cover of artillery fire, and finally our army entered Shanhaiguan first, so the Japanese army had no intention of fighting and fled for their lives.
The capture of Shanhaiguan solved the worries of the troops and opened the door for the follow-up departments.
Zeng Kelin captured a lot of materials in this battle, from the Japanese puppet army
More than 3,000 rifles, more than 50 mortars, more than 70 light and heavy machine guns and more than 100,000 rounds of various types of bullets
This made Zeng Kelin the first Eighth Route Army to enter the customs, and also tasted the sweetness.
After that, Zeng Kelin's troops continued to travel north by train when the troops arrived in Jinzhou and confiscated the equipment of a full brigade.
It included 8 infantry guns, 20 mortars, 200 light and heavy machine guns, 3200 rifles, and 20 cars
。 Such equipment, but Zeng Klin and others have never imagined a luxurious package.
So the troops sped up to Shenyang!
In September, Zeng Kelin led his troops to Shenyang, but due to the signing of the Sino-Soviet Agreement between the Soviet Union and Chiang Kai-shek
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
The Soviet Union did not allow troops to enter Shenyang, and obstructed it in many ways.
After repeated negotiations and consultations with the Eighth Route Army, and the fact that both sides were red camps, the Soviet Union adopted a tacit attitude toward the Eighth Route Army's stationing in various towns and towns and collecting weapons, as long as it was not in the name of the Eighth Route Army but in the name of the Northeast Autonomous Army.
Soon Zeng Kelin set up the Northeast Autonomous Army Garrison Headquarters in Shenyang, began to collect enemy weapons on a large scale, sent people to take over towns and arsenals throughout Liaoning, and the Soviet army also secretly handed over a large amount of collected equipment to Zeng Kelin's department.
You can imagine how many weapons and equipment Zeng Kelin collected throughout Liaoning, and even the arsenal handed over by the Soviet army was full of guns, ammunition and artillery.
So at the Meeting of the Politburo on September 14, Zeng Kelin introduced the beautiful vision of the Northeast to the Central Committee, describing the Northeast as full of weapons.
But in fact, it was Zeng Klin's troops who took the lead and captured a lot of weapons, but when the other troops arrived, they were harassed by the Soviet Union, because the Soviet Union handed over the weapons to the Kuomintang, which made the follow-up troops to the point where they had no weapons to use. This may also be one of the reasons for Zeng kling's later demotion...
It was Zeng Kelin's departure that laid the foundation for the adoption of Huang Kecheng's opinion.
Huang Kecheng, who put forward the customs clearance opinion
Born in 1902 in Yongxing County, Hunan Province, Huang Kecheng joined the Communist Party in 1925 and participated in the Shonan Uprising, successively serving as regimental commander and political commissar, and during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively served as the director of organization, the political commissar of the 344th Brigade, the political commissar of the 3rd and 4th Columns, the commander of the 5th Column, the commander of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army, and the political commissar.
In 1945, after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Union drove out the Kwantung Army to dominate the northeast, but due to the relationship between the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, the Soviet Red Army could not hand over the northeast to the Eighth Route Army, but Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use aircraft and warships to transport the troops from the rear to the northeast to dominate the northeast.
At this time, Huang Kecheng, who was in northern Jiangsu, had an insight into the situation in the whole country and firmly believed that at present, our party's base areas are scattered inside and outside the Great Wall and in the north and south of the great river
No large base area was formed
Once civil war breaks out,
The situation in our Party is very unfavorable
So he firmly believed that our Party must take advantage of the opportunity
Create a strategic base area that is connected into a large area
, so that it can be firmly established
Take the initiative in war
He set his sights on the northeast,
On the one hand, the strategic location of the northeast is very important and the resources are very rich
，
On the other hand, at this time, the Kuomintang was still in the rear and temporarily unable to transport its troops to the northeast
The Soviet Union, which occupied the northeast, had very good relations with our Party, and this was precisely the favorable opportunity for our Party to march into the Northeast.
So he found Rao Shushi, the secretary of the Central China Bureau at the time, and suggested to him that he send a telegram to the central authorities and ask the central authorities to quickly send a large army to the northeast, but Rao Shushi was afraid of taking responsibility and refused the proposal to send a report to the central authorities.
There was no support from Rao Shushi, and Huang Kecheng decided to send a telegram to the central government himself and leave Rao Shushi's office, and Huang Kecheng immediately presented his opinions on the current situation and military policy to the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission in his own name.
first
He believes that Chiang Kai-shek is only delaying time and has no sincerity in peace talks; militarily, the enemy relies on large armies to occupy cities and key communication routes, controls the links between our army's base areas with his troops, and attacks the base areas at any time, breaking through each one at a time.
second
Although our army has a large number, but the main force is not very large, the occupied areas are still large, the main force is scattered, except for the Shandong Military Region, there are enemies inside the base areas, no base area is comparable to the Central Soviet Region, it is difficult to independently and long-term support large-scale operations.
In view of the situation at that time, Huang Kecheng put forward three policies, but only the third policy was applicable to the environment at that time, and he believed that negotiations should continue politically, and militarily, the main forces should be concentrated on decisive battles, in order to obtain a large strategic base area, which is conducive to long-term struggle, so he suggested:
If the northeast can send troops in, it will send as many troops as possible, at least 50,000 people, and it is best to send 100,000 people, send prestigious army leaders to preside over the work, and quickly create base areas. Shandong should dispatch 30,000 to 50,000 people to the northeast, and Central China should dispatch 30,000 to 60,000 people to Shandong.
At the end of the letter, Huang Kecheng also modestly mentioned that he had very little information and was afraid of not being comprehensive, but the most important thing was to establish a large base area.
After reading Huang Kecheng's opinion, Chairman Mao very much agreed with it:
"Good! Good! Comrade Kecheng's suggestion is very important! ”
Holding Huang Kecheng's telegram, Chairman Mao walked around the room, thinking about Huang Kecheng's proposal, and finally, the Central Committee and Chairman Mao immediately formulated correct principles and policies in light of the situation at that time.
On September 17, 1945, the Central Committee determined that "
Defend to the south, develop to the north
"The strategic principle is to set up a northeast bureau and transfer troops and cadres from various base areas to the northeast. Huang Kecheng's unit belonged to the troops of this northern transfer, and when he passed through Linyi, he met Chen Yi, who preached when he made a report to the troops:
"Don't look at you Master Huang wearing myopic glasses, his eyes can see far away, it's clairvoyance!"
"Ever since
The name of the clairvoyant general spread
At that time, the Central Committee forwarded a report of the comrades who had entered the northeast first, saying that in
Shenyang was stockpiled with countless light and heavy weapons and supplies, enough for all troops
。 So there is a saying that troops to the northeast do not need to bring weapons, as long as people go, there are new weapons to use. But Huang Kecheng was very cautious, he did not believe this statement in its entirety, he always considered the problem, always considered the worst first, prepared for the worst, just in case it was not.
He believes that the psychology of luck is not conducive to victory in war, and can only cause self-paralysis. He believes that the war is still going on, and the situation is changing rapidly.
What if you can't get a weapon in the northeast, what to do if you encounter the enemy on the road?
？ Whether he had to stand still, he ordered the troops to be fully armed, not to drop their weapons, and insisted on bringing cotton clothes.
Huang Kecheng led his troops on a rapid march and rushed to the northeast day and night, because he knew that Chiang Kai-shek would definitely fight for this place in the northeast, and whoever went to the northeast first would have more confidence in victory.
Huang Kecheng took enough weapons to the northeast, and did not believe that the northeast was full of weapons...
Things did as Huang Kecheng expected, and soon Chiang Kai-shek transported a large number of soldiers to the northeast through the navy and air force, but unfortunately the Eighth Route Army had already seized the opportunity.
It was precisely the unanimous and mutual cooperation of these two generals that laid the foundation for the revolutionary base areas in the northeast and laid a good foundation for the liberation of the northeast, and the two of them invariably became the heroes of this war...